Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology

Purpose To investigate the pathological characteristics of loco-regional recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( rNPC ) . Methods Nasopharyngeal biopsy specimens of 46 rNPCs and 63 primary NPCs were collected. HE staining, immunohistochemistry and EBV small RNAs ( EBERs) in-situ hybridization were performed. Results The over-expression rates of both p63 and CK5/6 in rNPC were significantly higher than those of primary NPCs (P=0. 005, P=0. 026), while no statistical significance of Ki-67 over-ex-pression existed between the two groups ( P=0. 387 ) . More necrotic tissues, inflammatory exudates, giant bizarre carcinoma cells, desmoplastic stroma, giant bizarre tumor cells and higher degree of squamous differentiation were found in rNPCs. The carcinoma cells of 5 rNPCs were negative for both EBERs in-situ hybridization and LMP-1 immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion The loco-re-gional rNPC has two peaks of latency interval:2~5 and 9~11 years. The loco-regional rNPC cells have higher degree of squamous differentiation with higher expression of p63 and CK5/6, as well as more invasive ability. In addition, both EBERs in-situ hybridization and LMP-1 immunostaining are negative in 10. 87% (5/46) of loco-regional rNPC.

The fibrous roots are the residues of production of cut crude drug of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). Enzymatic pretreatment and ultrasonic extraction are beneficial to extract effective constituents from fibrous roots more effectively. The present research was to optimize the enzymatic parameters by the central composite design and response surface method. Under the best conditions, the yields of total tanshinones and total salvianolic acids in the extracts of enzymatic pretreatment increased by 113.92% and 30.64%, comparing with the non-enzymatic extraction, respectively. TLC analysis also showed that the types of effective constituents in the two samples were not affected by enzymatic hydrolysis. Meanwhile, the complex correlation coefficients of the mathematical models were high, which provided a good prediction.
Diterpenes, Abietane ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Phenanthrenes ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

In this study, the growth and accumulation of active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in twenty two experimental sites which crossing through three typical climate zones. The S. miltiorrhiza seedlings with the same genotype were planted in each site in spring, which were cultivated in fields with uniform management during their growing seasons till to harvest. The diterpene ketones (dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone II(A)) in S. miltiorrhiza root samples were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The biomass of root (root length, number of root branches, root width and dry weight) was also measured. The results showed that tanshinone II(A) in all samples of each site were higher than the standards required by China Pharmacopoeia. It has been found there is a relationship between root shape and climate change. The correlation analysis between active components and meteorological factors showed that the accumulation of tanshinones were effected by such meteorological factors as average relative humidity from April to October > average vapor pressure from April to October > average temperature difference day and night from April to October > annual average temperature and so on. The correlation analysis between root biomass and meteorological factors exhibited that root shape and accumulation of dry matter were affected by those factors, such as average annual aboveground (0-20 cm) temperature from April to October > annual average temperature > average vapor pressure from April to October > annual active accumulated temperature > annual average temperature > average vapor pressure from April to October. The accumulation of tanshinones and biomass was increased with the decrease of latitude. At the same time, the dry matter and diameter of root decreased if altitude rises. In addition, S. miltiorrhiza required sunlight is not sophisticated, when compared with humid and temperature. To sum up, S. miltiorrhiza can adapt to a variety of climatic conditions and the southern warm humid climate is more conducive to its growth and accumulation of active components.
Biomass ; China ; Climate Change ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Temperature

OBJECTIVEThe mean level of serum cholesterol in Chinese population with coronary heart disease (CHD) is relatively lower compared to that of western population. Our study aimed to evaluate whether lipid-lowering therapy with Xuezhikang can reduce the risk of cardiac events and total mortality in Chinese CHD patients.

METHODSThis study was designed as a random, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial in 66 centers in China and was conducted from may, 1996 to December, 2003. 4870 CHD patients (serum cholesterol level 4.40 - 6.47 mmol/L, age 18 - 75 years, with definite myocardial infarction history) were selected and treated with capsule Xuezhikang (0.6 g Bid) or placebo in addition to conventional therapy (control group). The mean follow-up period was four years. The primary end-points were nonfatal myocardial infarction and deaths from CHD.

RESULTSIt has been shown at the end of the trial: (1) The incidence of the primary end-points were 5.72% in Xuezhikang treatment group and 10.41% in control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 45.1% for treatment group (P = 0.0000). Among the primary end points, the incidence of deaths from CHD was 3.79% in the treatment group and 5.49% in the control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 31.0% in treatment group (P < 0.0048); (2) The incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction reduced by 60.8% in treatment group compared to control group (1.93% vs 4.92%, P < 0.0000); (3) The incidence of the secondary end-points (stroke, tumor, PCI/CABG) also decreased by 31.1% in treatment group compared to control group (6.92% vs 10.04% P < 0.0004). Among the secondary end points, the demand for PCI/CABG was 3.01% in the treatment group and 4.51% in the control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 33.3% in treatment group (P = 0.097); (4) The total mortality was lower in treatment group than control group, with a reduction of relative risk by 33.0% in treatment group (5.19% vs 7.74% P = 0.0003). There were no significant differences in side effects and abnormal laboratory references between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSCompared to placebo, Xuezhikang can significantly decrease the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and deaths from CHD. It can also reduce significantly the demand for PCI/CABG, the total mortality and the deaths from tumor.

Aged ; China ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Secondary Prevention

Animals ; Glutathione ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; biosynthesis ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of sleeve circumcision of prepuce and coronary sulcus skin in the treatment of patients with multiple condyloma acuminatum (CA) of coronary sulcus of penis.

METHODSIn a randomized clinical control study, 35 patients were randomized to the treatment group and received sleeve circumcision of prepuce and coronary sulcus skin. 34 patients were randomized to the control group, received electric cauterization of verrucae plus the general circumcision. The recurrence of CA was evaluated in follow-up visit within three months after the treatment.

RESULTSThe stitches were taken out 10.2 days after operation in the treatment group, and 8.1 days in the control group. There were no complication in the treatment group, the average healing time of electric cauterization wound was 19.4 days in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate of CA between the treatment group and the control group (5.7% vs 26.5% , P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe sleeve circumcision of prepuce and coronary sulcus skin is more effective than electric cauterization of verrucae plus the general circumcision in the treatment of patients with multiple condyloma acuminatum of coronary sulcus of penis.

Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; methods ; Condylomata Acuminata ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penile Diseases ; surgery ; virology ; Prospective Studies

Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Capsules ; China ; Coronary Disease ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether lipid-lowering therapy with Xuezhikang can reduce the risk of cardiac events and total mortality in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with or without hypertension.

METHODSIn this random, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial, 2704 patients with hypertension and 2166 patients without hypertension were enrolled and capsule Xuezhikang 0.6 g Bid or placebo on the top of conventional therapy without other lipid-lowering drugs. The mean follow-up period was four years. The primary end-points were nonfatal myocardial infarction and total mortality.

RESULTSCompared to placebo group, the incidence of cardiac events was reduced by 44.0% (P<0.0001) and 47.4% (P<0.0001) respectively in CHD patients with or without hypertension, and the total mortality was lowered by 35.8% (P=0.0012) and 28.6% (P=0.0737) respectively in CHD patients with or without hypertension. There was no significant difference in side effects between study groups.

CONCLUSIONXuezhikang can reduce the cardiac events and mortality in CHD patients with or without hypertension.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension ; complications ; drug therapy ; mortality ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Lipids ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Survival Rate

Objective To investigate the value of endoscopy combined with laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal polyps and polyp canceration.Methods Different combinations of endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures were employed and the clinical efficacies were compared.Results From January 2004 to September 2006,46 cases with colorectal polyp were treated with endoscopy combined with laparoscopy.Among them,5 cases(10.87%)underwent laparoscopic-assisted endoscopic polypectomy,30(65.22%)endoscopic-assisted laparoscopic resection,6(13.04%)synchronously endoscopic and laparoscopic resection.Five cases were performed further operation after endoscopic polypectomy.According to the pathological findings,21(45.7%)were proved to be polyp canceration,among which 6 were advanced carcinoma,and 3 were found metastasis to the lymph nodes.Among the 41 cases of laparoscopic resection,there was no conversion to an open surgery.Anastomotic leakage was found in 2 cases and anastomotic bleeding in 1.In the 5 cases of laparoscopic-assisted endoscopic polypectomy,no complication was observed.During the period of follow-up(1 to 21 months),no recurrence was detected.Conclusion Endoscopy combined with laparoscopy extends the safety and indications of endoscopic polypectomy,and is minimally invasive to the patients.It is an ideal procedure in the treatment of colorectal polyps and poly carceration.