Objective To investigate the clinical feactures of patients with numerous dilated Virchow-Robin space in basal gangalia.Methods Eight patients with cribriform state in striatum in brain MRI at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2013 to October 2013 were enrolled.The clinical data including age,gender,common vascular risk factors and clinical manifestations were analyzed.Cognitive functions,balance and gait disturbance,as well as activity of daily living were assessed.Results All of the eight patients are male,aged from 69 to 80.All the patients had a history of hyperlipidemia,while 7 of them had hypertension.The primary complaint was either gradual motor function decline or memory impairments (3/8),or dizziness (1/8).The other 4 of them were diagnosed as stroke or transient ischemic attack.Among the 8 patients,four had mild deterioration in activity of daily living function (Barthel index 65-85).Cognitive impairment was common (8/8,the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores 19-27),while word recall was the mostly affected cognitive domain (8/8).Gait and balance dysfunction were found in three patients (3/8,Tinetti scores ≤ 24).Conclusions Man is more likely to have predisposition to cribriform state in striatum.Mild cognitive impairments and gait abnormality are common clinical manifestations of the disease.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of combined application of Xuezhikang Capsule (XZK) and hypotensive drugs on the dynamic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure index (PPI), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and smoothness index (SI), and to study the relationship between SI and related factors (age, BP, dynamic PPI, and vascular elasticity).

METHODSOne hundred and ten patients with essential hypertension were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 54 in the control group and 56 in the treated group. Both were treated with hypertensive drugs, but with oral medication of XZK given additionally to the treated group at the dose of 60 mg, twice a day. PWV and DBP were measured before treatment and at the terminal of a 6-month treatment. Meantime, the 24-h average systolic and diastolic pressures were recorded to calculate the 24-h dynamic pulse pressure (24 hPP), PPI, SI of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SISBP and SIDBP) for comparing the changes between groups and analyzing the SI related factors.

RESULTSAll patients' blood pressure levels were well controlled; after a 6-month treatment, the PP and PPI in the treated group were 45 +/- 8 mm Hg and 0.35 +/- 0.08 respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (51 +/- 10 mm Hg and 0.38 +/- 0.05, P < 0.05); while SISBP and SIDBP in the treated group were higher than those in the control group (1.37 +/- 0.16 vs 1.26 +/- 0.20, P < 0.01; and 1.28 +/- 0.14 vs 1.18 +/- 0.23, P < 0.05) respectively; and PWV in the former was significantly lower than that in the latter group (10.4 +/- 3.68 m/s vs 12.5 +/- 4.27 m/s, P < 0.05). Multiple factor stepwise regression analysis showed that the SISBP was negatively correlated with age, PPI and PWV, while the SIDBP was negatively correlated with PPI (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe combined application of XZK and hypotensive drugs can decrease PP and PPI, improve the endothelial function and arterial elasticity, enhance the efficacy of treatment on SI. After treatment SI shows a significant negative correlation with PPI, PWV and age in patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arteries ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Compliance ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo study the shape, thickness and oxide percentage of major metal element of oxide film on Ni-Cr porcelain alloy after anodizing pretreatment.

METHODS10 samples were made and divided into 2 groups at random. Then after surface pretreatment, the oxide films of two samples of each group were analyzed using electronic scanning microscope. The rest 3 samples were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).

RESULTSLightly selective solution appeared because the different component parts of the alloy have dissimilar electrode, whose dissolve velocity were quite unlike. The sample's metal surface expanded, so the mechanical interlocking of porcelain and metal increased bond strength. The thickness of oxide film was 1.72 times of the control samples. The oxide percentage of major metal elements such as Cr, Ni and Mo were higher, especially Cr. It initially involved the formation of a thin oxide bound to the alloy and second, the ability of the formed oxide to saturate the porcelain, completing the chemical bond of porcelain to metal.

CONCLUSIONThe method of anodizing Ni-Cr porcelain alloy can easily control the forming of oxide film which was thin and its surface pattern was uniform. It is repeated and a good method of surface pretreatment before firing cycle.

Alloys ; Chromium Alloys ; Dental Porcelain ; Metal Ceramic Alloys ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nickel ; Oxides

In this study, the growth and accumulation of active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza in twenty two experimental sites which crossing through three typical climate zones. The S. miltiorrhiza seedlings with the same genotype were planted in each site in spring, which were cultivated in fields with uniform management during their growing seasons till to harvest. The diterpene ketones (dihydrotanshinone, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone II(A)) in S. miltiorrhiza root samples were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The biomass of root (root length, number of root branches, root width and dry weight) was also measured. The results showed that tanshinone II(A) in all samples of each site were higher than the standards required by China Pharmacopoeia. It has been found there is a relationship between root shape and climate change. The correlation analysis between active components and meteorological factors showed that the accumulation of tanshinones were effected by such meteorological factors as average relative humidity from April to October > average vapor pressure from April to October > average temperature difference day and night from April to October > annual average temperature and so on. The correlation analysis between root biomass and meteorological factors exhibited that root shape and accumulation of dry matter were affected by those factors, such as average annual aboveground (0-20 cm) temperature from April to October > annual average temperature > average vapor pressure from April to October > annual active accumulated temperature > annual average temperature > average vapor pressure from April to October. The accumulation of tanshinones and biomass was increased with the decrease of latitude. At the same time, the dry matter and diameter of root decreased if altitude rises. In addition, S. miltiorrhiza required sunlight is not sophisticated, when compared with humid and temperature. To sum up, S. miltiorrhiza can adapt to a variety of climatic conditions and the southern warm humid climate is more conducive to its growth and accumulation of active components.
Biomass ; China ; Climate Change ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Ecosystem ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo describe secular trends on physical growth of children in China during the year of 1985-2005 and to analyze the urban-suburban-rural difference and its change.

METHODSThe measurements of height, weight and chest circumference obtained from two serial national cross-sectional surveys for children aged 0 to 7 years in China were used to analyze the secular trends, and the growth differences among urban, suburban and rural children were compared.

RESULTSThe average weight and height for both boys and girls from urban, suburban and rural areas have significantly increased in most age groups during the past 20 years; The average chest circumference increased slightly, ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 cm. From 1985 to 2005, the urban-suburban difference in height had become smaller, and that in weight showed similar trend for children under 3 years old but became larger after 3 years old; the suburban-rural difference both in height and weight became larger after 6 months old. The increment per decade in height was the greatest in the suburban group while the greatest increment in weight was the urban group.

CONCLUSIONPositive secular trends were observed among urban, suburban and rural areas in Chinese children under 7 years old during the 1980s and the 2000s, reflecting a rapid socio-economic development in China.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anthropometry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Growth ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Rural Population ; Suburban Population ; Urban Population

Objective:To observe the lipid-lowering effect of different transdermal absorption enhancers applied to the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion in hyperlipidemia model rabbits, and to explore the possible mechanism. Methods:Forty New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups using the random number table method, with 8 rats in each group. Rabbits in the blank group were fed routinely with normal diet; rabbits in the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish the hyperlipidemia model. Rabbits in the blank and the model groups were not treated. After the model was prepared, rabbits in the non-transdermal absorption enhancer group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion without transdermal absorption enhancer; rabbits in the laurocapram group and the borneol group received herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion with laurocapram or borneol respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, serum was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the liver tissues were isolated for immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western-blotting (WB) detection. Results: Serum ELISA results showed that leptin was significantly decreased in the model group compared with the blank group (P＜0.05); compared with the model group, leptin was significantly increased in the non-transdermal absorption enhancer, the laurocapram and the borneol groups (all P＜0.05); compared with the non-transdermal absorption enhancer group, leptin was significantly increased in the laurocapram group and the borneol group (both P＜0.05); there was no significant difference in leptin between the laurocapram and the borneol groups (P＞0.05). The qPCR results of rabbit liver tissues showed that the mRNA expressions of leptin, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank group (all P＜0.05); compared with the model group, the mRNA expressions of leptin, leptin receptor (LR), JAK2 and STAT3 in the non-transdermal absorption enhancer, the laurocapram and the borneol groups were significantly increased (all P＜0.05); compared with the non-transdermal absorption enhancer group, the mRNA expressions of leptin, LR, JAK2 and STAT3 in the laurocapram and the borneol groups were significantly increased (all P＜0.05); compared with the laurocapram group, the mRNA expressions of leptin, LR, JAK2 and STAT3 in the borneol group were significantly increased (P＜0.05). The trend of immunohistochemistry and WB detection results was basically consistent with the qPCR assay results. The immunohistochemistry and WB detection results of phosphorylated JAK2 (phospho-JAK2) and phosphorylated STAT3 (phospho-STAT3) were basically consistent with those of JAK2 and STAT3. Conclusion: The molecular expression of Leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in the hyperlipidemia model rabbits was decreased. The molecular expression of Leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway was significantly increased after the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion. The application of laurocapram and borneol, as transdermal absorption enhancers, in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion could more obviously up-regulate the factors of the Leptin/JAK2/STAT3 lipid-regulating pathway than the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion alone.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders and to analyze their relation with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

METHODSSynovial fluid was obtained from 64 sides of 56 TMD patients and from 16 sides of 10 asymptomatic healthy volunteers (control). The concentrations of uPA and uPAR in the synovial fluid were measured by ELISA. Forty-eight sides of TMD were divided into 3 groups: arthrosis, structure disorder and osteoarthrosis, each including 16 sides.

RESULTSThe levels of uPA and uPAR were significantly higher in the synovial fluid of TMD patients than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the level of uPA and uPAR in osteoarthrosis group was significantly higher than that in arthrosis and structure disorder group (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in expression of uPA and uPAR between arthrosis and structure disorder groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSuPA and uPAR in the synovial fluid may play a role in the pathogenesis of TMD, and the level of uPA and uPAR in synovial fluid of TMD could be used as a biochemical markers to reflect pathological degree of TMD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism ; Synovial Fluid ; metabolism ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; metabolism ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of using modified peroneal tendofascial compound flap with partial tendon of peroneal long muscle in lower leg refractory defect with Achilles tendon rupture.

METHODSBased on the application experience of peroneal tendofascial compound flap for lower leg refractory defects, partial tendon of peroneal long muscle was included in the flap to repair the Achilles tendon rupture.

RESULTS6 cases were treated. The maximum size of modified compound flap reached 5 cm x 5 cm. The maximal included tendon in the flap was 5 cm in length. All the flaps survived completely. Partial epidermis necrosis happened in one case between the skin graft at the donor site and the edge of the flap pedicle. The patients were followed up for 5 months to 2 years with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified compound flap has reliable blood supply and can be easily transposed, leaving less morbidity at the donor site. It is very suitable for lower leg refractory defect with the Achilles tendon rupture.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; Adult ; Aged ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) has been a primary target of treatment as well as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer. The level of human X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) mRNA was related with that of ERalpha in breast tumors and was over-expressed in some breast tumors. These previous studies suggested that XBP-1 may interact with ERalpha. XBP-1 has two isoforms, XBP-1S and XBP-1U, as the result of unique splicing. GST pull-down assay showed that both XBP-1S and XBP-1U bound to ERalpha in vitro. The binding of XBP-1S to ERalpha was stronger than that of XBP-1U to ERalpha. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that the binding was in a ligand-independent manner. XBP-1S and XBP-1U interacted with the region of ERalpha that contains a DNA-binding domain. The ERalpha-interacting regions on XBP-1S and XBP-1U have been mapped to two regions, the N-terminal basic region leucine zipper domain (bzip) and the C-terminal activation domain. These findings suggest that XBP-1S and XBP-1U may participate in ERalpha signaling pathway through the mediation of ERalpha.
Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ; physiology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; X-Box Binding Protein 1

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of proline-rich tyrosine kinase-2 (Pyk2) in human primary colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and it's prognostic significance.

METHODSThe expression of Pyk2 was retrospectively examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 108 tissues of primary CRC. The correlation of Pyk2 expression to prognosis and relevant clinical factors were analyzed.

RESULTSThe rate of Pyk2 low-expression in CRC was 56.5% (61/108). The expression of Pyk2 correlated significantly to the histological grade (P < 0.05) and the TNM stage (P < 0.05), while no correlation between Pyk2 expression and age, tumor size (P > 0.05). Patients with Pyk2 over-expression had significantly higher 5-year survival rate (66.0%) than those with Pyk2 low-expression (31.4%). Pyk2 expression, together with carcinoma histologic grade and TNM stage were prognostic factors to CRC on the multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONSPyk2 expression can be a prognostic factor to the CRC patients together with other predictors.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Female ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis