AIM To investigate whether Aβ deposit in Alzheimer disease(AD) impairs signal transduction pathway responsible for neuronal survival.METHODSThe rats were randomly divided into six groups:control group and Aβ25-35 group,Aβ25-35+ibuprofen groups (7.5 and 15 mg·kg-1,respectively),Aβ25-35+ibuprofen+LY294002 group,and Aβ25-35+LY294002 group.Rats were given ibuprofen (7.5 and 15 mg·kg-1 daily,ig) for 3 weeks prior to and 1 week after icv single dose of Aβ25-35 (10 μL,1 mmol·L-1).LY294002 was injected icv 1 h before the injection of Aβ25-35.Seven days after Aβ25-35 injection,the hippocampal expressions of P53,Bax,Fas ligand (FasL),Bcl-2 proteins,phospho-Akt/PKB,and phosphorylated 70 ku ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and caspase 3 were determined in the brain tissue preparations from CA1 area with Western blot.The activity of caspase 3 was measured using a caspase 3 colorimetric activity assay kit.RT-PCR was used to show the change of p70s6k mRNA level.RESULTS Aβ25-35 icv injection significantly down-regulated phosphorylated Akt/PKB from 1.32±0.14 to 0.69±0.08 and p70S6K from 0.769±0.028 to 0.479±0.032 in hippocampal CA1 region.These changes were accompanied by increased expressions of the proapoptotic proteins P53,Bax,and FasL and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in rat hippocampus.In addition,caspase 3 activity was significantly enhanced in hippocampal CA1 region in Aβ25-35-treated rats compared with control rats.Ibuprofen can reverse these Aβ25-35-induced changes.CONCLUSION Down-regulated anti-apoptotic PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway induced by Aβ25-35 in rat hippocampus may contribute to the neuronal damage in AD.Ibuprofen prevents Aβ25-35-induced down-regulation of PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signaling pathway.

AIM To observe the neuroprotective effect and protective mechanisms of ibuprofen on amyloid β-protein fragment 1-40 (Aβ1-40)-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus.METHODS Rats were given ibuprofen (15 mg·kg-1 daily,ig) for 3 weeks prior to icv single dose of Aβ1-40 (5 μL,1 mmol·L-1).Six hours after Aβ1-40 injection,Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of phospho-MAP kinase kinase (MKK)3/MKK6,phospho-p38 MAP kinase,phospho-MAP kinase activating protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2),heat-shock protein 27(Hsp27),procaspase 9,3,and 7 cleavage,and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in hippocampal CA1 region.RESULTS Intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40 induced an increase in phosphorylated MKK3/MKK6 and p38 MAP kinase expressions in hippocampal CA1.These increases,in combination with reduced phospho-MAPKAPK2 and phospho-Hsp27 expressions,mediated Aβ1-40-induced the activation of caspases cascades.Ibuprofen (15 mg·kg-1·d-1,3 weeks) significantly prevented Aβ1-40-induced increases in phosphorylated MKK3/MKK6 and p38 MAP kinase expressions.In addition,Aβ1-40-induced decreases in phosphorylated MAPKAPK2 and Hsp27 expressions were abrogated by ibuprofen.Aβ1-40-induced changes in activation of caspases cascades were inhibited by ibuprofen.CONCLUSIONIbuprofen prevents Aβ1-40-induced neurotoxicity through suppression of phosphorylated MKK3/MKK6 and p38 MAP kinase expressions and the up-regulation of phospho-Hsp27 expression.

The aim was to investigate the effect of particle size on transfection efficiency of chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were synthesized through complex coacervation CS with plasmid DNA (pDNA). Three kinds of pDNA/CS nanoparticles with different sizes (250, 580 and 1300 nm) were prepared by altering the adding rate and the vortexing time. The particle size, zeta potential and the stability in cultural medium were evaluated by zetasizer. The association efficiency was determined by spectrofluorophotometer. The combination of chitosan with pDNA as well as the ability to protect pDNA from nuclease degradation was analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The transfection efficiency of pDNA/CS nanoparticles in HEK293 cells was investigated by flow cytometry. Using CS grafted fluorescein isothiocyanate as a fluorescent marker, the adsorption features of the nanoparticles were visualized by fluorescence microscopy and the cellular uptake percent was quantitated by flow cytometry. The internalization process of the nanoparticles was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using nanoparticles of the size of 250 nm. Results showed that the three kinds of pDNA/CS nanoparticles had no differences in zeta potential, association efficiency, protection ability, stability and transfection efficiency in HEK293. The nanoparticles were all adsorbed on cell surface in the form of aggregates, and similar cellular uptake percent as well as quantities were observed 4 h post-incubation with HeLa cells. CLSM images showed that the aggregates below 2 microm could be internalized by endocytosis. These results suggest that the transfection efficiency of pDNA/CS nanoparticles does not depend on particle size in the range from 250 nm to 1300 nm.
Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; DNA ; administration & dosage ; Endocytosis ; Genetic Vectors ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Transfection

Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; pathology ; Hemangiosarcoma ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and prospect of innovative interactive follow-up mode for rehabilitation ofpostopera-tive breast cancer patietns in new medical environment. Methods The novel patient-centered medical care was promoted,and Pink Ribbon Clubs was established in different regions. Meanwhile,the patients’ self-support groups were formed, and a specialist for out-patients follow-up of outpatients by telephone or on the internet was arranged to provide psychological assessment,with timely and effective response. All data concerning to the follow-up were recorded and the patients were required to complete the relevant questionnaires. Results Compared with the same period in 2013,the follow-up rate was significantly increased to 80. 25%,and the patients showed higher satisfaction. The incidence of lymphedema in the patients was significantly reduced from 13% in 2013 to 7%. The quality of life was significantly improved and self-rat-ing score on depression was decreased from (51. 90 ± 8. 55) to (35. 81 ± 6. 21). Conclusion The kind of“Trinity” interactive mode is an effective follow-up mode with the clinical benefit in patients’ rehabilitation of physical and mental health,which is worthy of further applica-tion.

0.05).And the increasing of weight in high protein+plus prolein jelly group was significantly higher than those of other two groups(Pa

Objective To observe the effect of liver disease special-purpose enteral nutrition preparation on protein metabolism and liver function in children with liver injury.Methods Sixty cases of severe ill with liver injury in hospital,with mean age of (7.8?6.3) years old.All patients were randomly divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group(n=30).The experimental group was treated by adding the liver disease special-purpose enteral nutrition preparation homogenized diet and control group was treated by adding entire protein entire nutrition type enteral nutrition preparation.All patients in both 2 groups were nasally fed with intestinal nutrition,which contained 418-628 kJ/(kg?d).One day before nutritional support and 14 days after nutritional support,the liver function,total serum protein,albumin,hemoglobin were recorded.SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data.Results The baseline indicators were similar before nutritional supports.Fourteen days after nutritional support,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were all significantly lower in experimental group than in control group(Pa

OBJECTIVEGas chromatography (GC) was used to investigate the cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition of 141 Acinetobacter baumannii and 32 A. calcoaceticus isolates from different locations in China and to find chemical markers to differentiate these two closely related bacteria.

METHODSWhole cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction for GC analysis, followed by a standardized Microbial Identification System (MIS) analysis.

RESULTSAll A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains contained some major fatty acids, namely, 18:1 ω9c, 16:0, Sum In Feature 3, 12:0, 17:1ω8c, 3-OH-12:0, 17:0, Sum In Feature 2, 2-OH-12:0, and 18:0 compounds. Although most of the total CFAs are similar between A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains, the ratios of two pairs of CFAs, i.e., Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus 16:0/18:1 ω9c and Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus unknown 12.484/18:1 ω9c fatty acids, could differentiate these two closely related bacteria. A. baumannii could be easily classified into two subgroups by plotting some ratios such as Sum In Feature 3/16:0 versus 17:0 and Sum In Feature 3/2-OH-12:0 versus 17:0 fatty acids.

CONCLUSIONThe ratios of some CFAs could be used as chemical markers to distinguish A. baumannii from A. calcoaceticus.

Acinetobacter baumannii ; classification ; cytology ; metabolism ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ; classification ; cytology ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Species Specificity

The RV lead position, either RVA or RVHS appears to make no difference in the response to CRT but the LV lead placement play a vital role.9,30 The latest activated regions of LV or areas without transmural myocardial scar for an optimal CRT are preferred. Currently, data demonstrate that no significant difference of clinical outcomes in posterior, anterior, and lateral LV lead position was found, while the ideal pacing site of the LV should be avoided in the apex position as suggested in COMPANION trial and MADIT-CRT trial. And dual-site LV CRT, which is a new technique, is also still in progress and we are looking forward to getting more updates from that.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices ; Heart Failure ; therapy ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the curative effect of acute severe brain injury complicated ARDS, Methods 31 patients who had acute severe brain injury complicated ARDS were divided into two groups:A group was early discovery of ARDS and given treatment.B group was late discovery of ARDS and treated late.Then the curative effects were compared.Results A group was significantly higher than B group in blood gas analysis(P