To study the effects of conjee and cooked rice on postprandial glucose and plasma insulin levels in type 2 diatetes,and to help diabetic patients select reasonably food.41 diabetes were divided into cooked rice group ( group A),conjee with steamed bread group ( group B),and oatmeal group ( group C ).At 1 h after meal,the values of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) was significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B [ ( 11.17± 2.30 vs 12.88 ± 1.29,13.29 ± 1.97 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].At 2 h after meal,the value of PPG was significantly lower in group C than in group A [ ( 8.88 ± 2.66 vs 10.87 ± 1.63 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05 ].At 1 h and 2 h after meal,there was no significant difference between the value of PPG in goup A and group B ( P＞0.05 ).At 1 h after meal,the value of plasma insulin was significantly lower in group C than those in group B [ (46.02 ± 26.32 vs 88.56 ± 68.75 )μU/ml,P ＜0.05 ],and there was a littler higher in group B than group A ( P＞0.05 ).At 2 h after meal,there was no statistical difference of plasma insulin among group A,B,C [ ( 57.10 ± 33.56,62.26 ± 24.42,54.16 ± 41.35 )μU/ml,P＞0.05 ) ].Isocaloric oat food is potentially beneficial in sustaining blood glucose status and decreasing insulin secretion.It is the ideal choice for type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,there were no statistical differences in PPG and insulin levels between the individuals taking conjee with steam bread and cooked rice.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic methods of fracture and dislocation of coccyx and evaluate its curative effects.

METHODSFrom May 2002 to March 2010,56 patients with fracture and dislocation of coccyx were divided into surgical treatment group and non-surgical treatment group. There were 7 males and 20 females in surgical treatment group with an average age of (48.1 +/- 0.6) years (ranged, 29 to 62 years), treated with open reduction and mini-plate internal fixation. There were 8 males and 21 females in non-surgical treatment group with an average age of (47.5 +/- 0.9) years (ranged, 19 to 54 years),treated with manipulative reduction. All patients were underwent X-ray examination and were finally diagnosed before treatment. Clinical symptoms and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) of all patients were statistically analyzed before and after treatment.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between two groups in gender, age, BMI index and VAS evaluation. All patients were followed up from 12 to 25 months with an average of 17.2 months. In surgical treatment group,there were 26 cases with I/a incision and 1 case with II/a incision; the excellent rate of clinical symptom was respectively 92.6% and 100% at leaving hospital and final follow-up; the improvement rate of VAS was 97.6% and was excellent result;internal fixtures were removed at the 1 to 2 years after treatment and no unwell symptoms occurred; VAS of all patients in the group was 0 point. In non-surgical treatment group,the excellent rate of clinical symptom was respectively 72.4% and 82.8% at leaving hospital and final follow-up; the improvement rate of VAS was 72.1% and was good result. There was significant difference in clinical results between two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that fracture and dislocation of coccyx should be treated in time. For the treatment of patients with manipulative reduction failures, instability reduction by X-ray examination and serious rectal irritation, open reduction and mini-plate internal fixation can obtain satisfactory results.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Coccyx ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Manipulation, Spinal ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery

Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors of functional constipation (FC) by using Rome Ⅲ criteria in the local adult communities.Methods A stratified randomized and community-based study by multi-stage cluster sampling was employed.A household survey was conducted from April to May 2010.All of the participants were interviewed face-to-face by filling out the self-administered questionnaires which based on Rome Ⅲ criteria for the diagnosis of FC.Self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Athens insomnia scale (AIS) were carried out to evaluate the psychological characteristics and qualities of sleep.Results A total of 7648 subjects fulfilled the questionnaires,with the response rate as 90.0％.211 patients met the Rome Ⅲ criteria,including 90 males and 121 females.The adjusted prevalence rates of FC were 2.5％ in males,3.3％ in females and with an overall rate as 2.9％.The ratio of men to women was 1∶1.32,with significant difference between males and females (P=0.043).The most common group was in the 18-29 year-olds (x2=37.359,P=0.000).FC patients were more likely to be detected in the group with normal BMI (x2=16.087,P=0.002),having received high education (x2=27.604,P=0.000),being intelectuals ( x2=6.922,P=0.031 ) and divorced ( x2=22.000,P=0.000) than in other groups. Multivariate analysis showed that excessive intake of high-fat food was significantly associated with the presence of FC (odds ratio as 1.253,P=0.000),whereas foods with high-fiber (odds ratio as 0.854,P=0.029) might serve as protective factors.Significant differences between FC groups and control groups were found in the incidence of anxiety (with odds ratio as 2.583,P=0.000) and insomnia (odds ratio as 2.443,P=0.000).Conclusion The prevalence of FC in adult communities in Shanghai Songjiang district was not higher than that in other parts of the communities.Excessive intake of high-fat food,anxiety and insomnia might be risk factors for FC and foods with high-fiber contents might serve as protective factors.

Objective To explore medium and long term efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion(OLIF)in treating lumbar specific infection.Methods From October 2017 to January 2021,24 patients with lumbar specific infection were treated by OLIF combined with vertebral screw internal fixation,including 15 males and 9 females,aged from 27 to 61 years old with an average of(43.0±15.0)years old;the courses of disease ranged from 6 to 24 months with an average of(14.0±7.0)months;7 patients with L2-L3,12 patients with L3-L4 and 5 patients with L4-L5;19 patients with tuberculosis infection and 5 patients with brucella infection.The amount of intraoperative blood loss,operative time and complications were recorded,and erythro-cyte sedimentation rate(ESR),C-reactive protein(CRP),visual analogue scale(VAS),Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score and American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)rating were compared before and one month after opertaion.Re-sults All patients were followed up from 9 to 24 months with an average of(13.0±6.0)months.Operative time was(132.5±21.4)min,and intraoperative blood loss was(227.3±43.1)ml.ESR and CRP were decreased from(82.34±18.62)mmol·h-1 and(53.08±21.84)mg·L-1 before operation to(33.52±17.31)mmol·h-1 and(15.48±8.36)mg·L-1 at one month after opera-tion,respectively(P＜0.05).VAS was decreased from(7.52±1.36)before opertaion to(1.74±0.87)at one month after opera-tion(P＜0.05).JOA was increased from(17.86±3.95)before operation to(24.72±3.19)at one month after operation(P＜0.05).Four patients had neurological symptoms before operation,and were classified to grade D according to ASIA classifica-tion,who were recovered to grade E at 1 month after operation.One patient was suffered from psoas major muscle injury after operation,and returned to normal at 3 weeks.One patient was suffered from abdominal distension and difficulty in defecation,and relieved after gastrointestinal decompression and enema.No complications such as abdominal organ injury and poor wound healing occurred in all patients.Conclusion OLIF combined with vertebral screw internal fixation is a new minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of lumbar specific infection,especially the lesion located on the middle lumbar vertebra.It has advantages of less trauma,short operation time,less blood loss,convenient operation,complete removal of the lesion,safety and effectiveness,and has good medium-and long-term efficacy for lumbar specific infection.

OBJECTIVETo identify zebrafish mutants with myelopoiesis defects by ENU mutagenesis and large-scale forward genetic screening.

METHODSMale zebrafish were mutagenized with N-ethyl N-nitrosourea to induce mutations in the spermatogonial cells to generate the founders, which were outcrossed with AB to raise F1 fish. The F1 fish from different founders were mated to generate the F2 families. The F3 embryos from F2 sibling crosses were screened by Sudan black B staining and neutral red staining.

RESULTSA total of 350 F2 families from F1 sibling crosses were screened, and 1424 F2 crosses were analyzed. Six mutations were identified resulting in abnormal Sudan black B staining and neutral red staining, indicating the involvement of neutrophil deficiency or macrophage abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONIt is simple and cheap to induce and screen myelopoiesis deficiency in zebrafish by ENU chemical mutagenesis and Sudan black B staining and neutral red staining. These mutants shed light on the identification of the genes important to myelopoiesis in zebrafish.

Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; Male ; Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Myeloid Progenitor Cells ; physiology ; Myelopoiesis ; genetics ; Zebrafish ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo screen and identify zebrafish mutants with erythropoiesis defects by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis and large-scale forward genetic screening using beta e 1 as the marker.

METHODSThe chemical mutagen ENU was used to treat healthy wild-type male fish (AB strain, F0). The surviving ENU-treated fish were mated with wild-type female fish to generate F1, and further F2 family was generated by F1 family intercross. The adult F2 fish were intercrossed within each F2 family and the resulting F3 embryos from each crossing were subjected to whole mount in situ hybridization (WISH) with the beta e 1 probe. Mutagenesis was performed by treating the male zebrafish with ENU to induce mutations in pre-meiotic germ cells to generate the founders, which were outcrossed to obtained the F1 fish. The F1 fish from different founders were mated to generate the F2 families. F3 embryos from the sibling cross in the F2 family were examined by whole mount in situ hybridization using beta e 1-globin probe. The putative mutants were then characterized with different hematopoiesis markers.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONWe identified 4 beta e 1-deficient mutants with erythropoiesis defects, including two with specific erythiod lineage defects and two with concurrent lymphopoiesis defects.

Animals ; Erythropoiesis ; genetics ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Zebrafish ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate how smoking was affecting the prevalence of sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) among adults aged over 30 years in Chengde city of Hebei province.

METHODS1168 subjects, over 30 years of age were derived from a random sample from a community-based population in Shuangqiao district of Chengde city. All subjects responded to a questionnaire at their own houses regarding their habits of snoring and smoking. 1168 subjects (95.2%) answered the questions satisfactorily.

RESULTS(1) Among the smoking groups, the prevalence of snoring was 69.09%, higher than that in the nonsmoking groups 45.07% (P = 0.000). (2) In males, the smoking group had a higher prevalence (69.72%) of snoring than in the nonsmoking group (60.80%, P = 0.033). (3) Females in the smoking group had a higher prevalence of snoring (61.80%) than in the nonsmoking group (39.70%, P = 0.011). (4) The prevalence of snoring in males (60.80%) was significantly higher than that in females (39.70%, P = 0.000). (5) The prevalence (69.72%) of snoring in smoking males was similar to that in smoking females (61.80%, P = 0.336). (6) Data from logistic regression analysis indicated that smoking was one of the factors affecting snoring. (7) According to the degree of snoring, 127 moderate and severe snorers were measured by portable PSG for a whole night and the prevalence of SAHS was estimated. According to the AHI > or = 5 and the ESS > or = 9 cutoff-points, the prevalence rates of SAHS in smoking groups were both significantly higher than that in nonsmoking groups (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSmoking and snoring among adults aged over 30 years had correlation in our city.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polysomnography ; Prevalence ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; epidemiology ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Snoring ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective:To summarize the reason and treatment of ventricular electrical storm (VES) in adult patients after cardiac surgery.Methods:A total of 36 adult patients with VES after cardiac surgery in our hospital from 2011-08 to 2015-05 were retrospectively analyzed for their peri-operative and clinical conditions before and after VES occurrence.Results:All 36 patients suffered from VES after cardiac surgery during ICU stay including 23 patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),5 with CABG and ventricular aneurysm resection,5 with valve replacement,2 with Bentall operation and 1 with Marrow operation.There were 32/36 (88.89％) patients out of the breathing machine upon VES disappearing and discharged smoothly,4 (11.11％) patients died of multiple organ failure.There were 22 (61.11％) patients with myocardium ischemia induced VES.32 patients were followed-up for 1 year,28/36 (77.78％) patients recovered to sinus rhythm,2 (5.56％) received endocardial pacemaker placement and 2 (5.56％) suffered from atrial fibrillation;no cardiac death during follow-up period.Conclusion:VES was often occurred at the early stage in adult patients after cardiac surgery;it usually had clear reason or inducement,rapid and efficient treatment could achieve satisfactory results.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of femoral neck system(FNS) and three cannulated compression screws(CCS) in the treatment of unstable femoral neck fractures in young adults. METHODS: The clinical data of 52 young and middle-aged patients with unstable femoral neck fractures admitted from August 2018 to August 2021 were reviewed and analyzed. All patients were divided into two groups according to the internal fixation method, 25 cases were treated with FNS fixation, 27 cases were treated with closed reduction and 3 CCS inverted triangular distribution. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization expenses and fracture reduction quality of two groups were recorded and compared;The patients were followed up regularly after operation. The fracture healing time, complete weight-bearing time and postoperative complications(nonunion, femoral neck shortening, femoral head necrosis) of two groups were compared. The Harris score was used to evaluate hip function 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: The operation was successfully completed in both groups. The patients in FNS group had more bleeding, longer incision length and higher hospitalization cost than CCS group(P<0.01). There ware no significant difference in operation time and Garden index between two groups(P>0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up for 6 to 32 months.The fracture healing time in FNS group was less than that in CCS group, the time of complete weight bearing after surgery was earlier than that in CCS group, and the hip Harris score was higher than that in CCS group (P<0.01). There were no internal fixation fracture complications in two groups during follow-up. In the FNS group, there were 4 cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and 2 cases of femoral neck shortening, of which 3 cases underwent total hip replacement due to avascular necrosis of the femoral head. In the CCS group, there were 2 cases of nonunion, 9 cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and 11 cases of femoral neck shortening, among which 5 cases underwent total hip replacement due to nonunion and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. CONCLUSION With simple operation, rotational stability and angular stability, FNS enables patients to start functional exercise as early as possible and reduces the incidence of postoperative complications of unstable femoral neck fracture. It is a new choice for the treatment of unstable femoral neck fracture in young adults.

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics on the clustering nature of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in China.Methods Time and place distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009on the nature of clustering through data from Public Health Emergency Management Information System were described.Results As of August 10,2010,2773 pandemic (H1N1) 2009 clusters,a total of 77363 cases (including 20 deaths) were reported in the mainland of China.The most reported number of clusters was from schools and kindergartens with the total number of 2498 (accounted for 90.08％ of the total number).Middle schools appeared the have the most clusters (1223,accounting for 48.96％ ).The number of clusters reported in the southern provinces (cities) accounted for 77.03％ of the total,and was more than that in the northern provinces (cities).Two reported peaks in the southern provinces (cities) were in June and November,2009,respectively.There was only one reported peakin the northern provinces in September,2009.Conclusion Time and place distribution characteristics on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were similar to the seasonal influenza,but the beginning of winter peak was much earlier and intensity of reporting was much higher on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1 ) 2009 than that of seasonal influenza.