Objective: To observe the effect of Tuina and respirometric training on the pulmonary function, dyspnea, motor ability, and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission stage. Method: Sixty-six cases of COPD in remission stage were divided into Tuina group (n = 33) and control group (n = 33) with table of randomized number. After 3-month treatment, the grade of dyspnea and quality of life, pulmonary function, and 6-min Self Walk Test were compared with that before treatment. Results: The pulmonary function of patients in Tuina group were improved remarkably, the improvement in the control group was poor. The qualities of life were enhanced in the two groups, and Tuina method was better than the respirometric training.Both the treatment methods could increase the walking distance in 6 min Self Walk Test and improve dyspnea, without a difference in the two groups. Conclusion: The two treatment methods had good therapeutic effect on dyspnea, quality, motor ability and pulmonary function in patients with COPD in remission stage, and especially, Tuina treatment had a better effect on pulmonary function and quality of life than the control method.

Objective To investigate the effect of catalpol from Radix Rehmanniae on A?25-35-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells.Methods PC12 cells were routinely cultivated and treated by A?25-35(final concentration,20 ?mol/L) 24 hours after the addition of catalpol or saline.Forty-eight hours later,cells were examined for viability and apoptosis by MTT method and TUNEL method,respectively,while Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were analyzed by semi-quantitive RT-PCR. Results Catalpol could significantly elevate the viability at 1?10-5 mol/L and 1?10-4 mol/L(P

Objective To investigate the effects of ZMS,the active component of Zhimu,on amyloid precursor protein(APP) and ?-site APP cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1) in HEK293sw cells. Methods HEK293sw cells were pretreated with different concentrations of ZMS in routine culture medium for 24 h,and then serum-free medium with ZMS was used for further culture for 48 h.Cells were examined for expression of APP and ?-secretase BACE1 with Western blotting and RT-PCR,and were then examined for BACE1 activity with fluorescence method. Results 1 ?mol/L and 10 ?mol/L ZMS significantly decreased the expression of BACE1 mRNA and protein,while had no effect on the expression of APP mRNA and protein.It was indicated by fluorescence analysis that 10 ?mol/L ZMS significantly decreased the ?-secretase activity.Conclusion ZMS significantly decreases the activity and expression of ?-secretase BACE1,while has no effect on the expression of APP in HEK293sw cells.

Objective To identify the changes of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and AFP-L3 levels after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), so as to evaluate the role of AFP-L3 in predicting post-operative HCC recurrence. Methods A total of 67 HCC patients who received surgical resection from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2007 were enrolled in the present study. The detailed clinical data were obtained for each patient. Pre- and post-operative serum AFP and AFP-L3 levels were measured continuously, and patterns of their post-operative changes were followed up for a long-term period. Results The overall 1-, 2- and 3-year recurrence rates of the patients were 23. 9% (16/67), 38. 8% (26/67) and 50. 7% (34/67), respectively. There was no relationship between serum AFP and AFP-L3 level before operation Os = 0. 176, P = 0. 155). The pre-operation serum AFP-L3 level was significantly correlated with tumor recurrence (rs = 0. 327, P = 0. 007), but the relation between pre-operation serum AFP level and tumor recurrence was not clear yet(rs = 0. 240, P = 0. 051). Conclusion Serum AFP-L3 level is associated with HCC recurrence and therefore valuable for predicting HCC recurrence; it can provide clinicians with more information for judging the therapeutic efficacy of HCC patients.

Aim To observe whether the activation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 ) can protect a-gainst diabetes induced liver injury in rat model, and analyze the role of JNK pathway in the liver protection induced by activation of ALDH2 . Methods All male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: nor-mal control group ( Con ) , diabetes group ( DM ) and ethanol + diabetes group ( EtOH + DM ) . After 8 weeks, the fasting blood glucose ( FBG) level, glyco-sylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c) level, serum AST and ALT levels were measured. The changes of hepatic pa-thology were observed by hematoxylin and eosin ( HE) staining method. The protein expressions of ALDH2, JNK and p-JNK in liver tissue were measured. Result Compared with control group, in DM group, the lev-els of FBG and HbA1c, serum AST and ALT levels were increased significantly. The structure of liver mor-phology was destroyed, disarranged and unclear, the hepatocyte was swollen, and a large number of inflam-matory cells were infiltrated. ALDH2 protein expres-sion was decreased, while the expressions of JNK, p-JNK and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK were increased. Com-pared with DM group, in EtOH+DM group, the levels of FBG and HbA1c, serum AST and ALT levels were decreased. The expression of ALDH2 protein was in-creased, accompanying with the decrease of JNK, p-JNK protein expressions and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK. Conclusion Activation of ALDH2 can protect the liv-er against diabetes induced liver damage in rat model, which may be relevant with inhibiting the JNK path-way.

Data quality management system is essential to ensure accurate, complete, consistent, and reliable data collection in clinical research. This paper is devoted to various choices of data quality metrics. They are categorized by study status, e.g. study start up, conduct, and close-out. In each category, metrics for different purposes are listed according to ALCOA+ principles such us completeness, accuracy, timeliness, traceability, etc. Some general quality metrics frequently used are also introduced. This paper contains detail information as much as possible to each metric by providing definition, purpose, evaluation, referenced benchmark, and recommended targets in favor of real practice. It is important that sponsors and data management service providers establish a robust integrated clinical trial data quality management system to ensure sustainable high quality of clinical trial deliverables. It will also support enterprise level of data evaluation and bench marking the quality of data across projects, sponsors, data management service providers by using objective metrics from the real clinical trials. We hope this will be a significant input to accelerate the improvement of clinical trial data quality in the industry.
Benchmarking ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; standards ; Quality Control

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo analyze the physical growth changes in Chinese children aged from 0 to 7 years old during the past 30 years.

METHODSFour national physical growth surveys of the children under 7 years old were undertaken in the same urban and suburban areas of nine main cities in China from 1975 to 2005. The nine cities were Beijing, Harbin and Xi'an in the northern part; Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan in the central part; Guangzhou, Fuzhou and Kunming in the southern part of China. Random cluster sampling method was used. The children aged from 0 to 7 years old were classified into 22 groups by age. The sample size was ranged from 150 to 200 persons for each sex-age group in each area (urban/rural) of each city. Totally, 158 400, 152 874, 157 362 and 138 775 healthy children were examined in 1975, 1985, 1995 and 2005 respectively. The data of weight, height, chest and head circumference obtained from these surveys were analyzed.

RESULTSAverage weight and height in most of the age groups for both boys and girls from urban and suburban rural areas has been significantly improved during the past 30 years, the average increments of weight were 0.76 kg to 1.14 kg in 12 - 15 months group and 2.58 kg to 3.26 kg in 6 - 7 years group; and the average increments of height were 2.7 cm to 3.8 cm in 12 - 15 months group and 5.0 cm to 7.6 cm in 6 - 7 years group. Chest circumference did not show an increase in infants younger than 4 months and increased slightly after 4 months. The average increments of head circumference were 0.1 cm to 1.0 cm. From 1975 to 2005, the increments of weight and height per 10 years was in an increasing trend, e.g. weight increments of 5 - 6 years old were 0.58 kg, 1.02 kg and 1.67 kg and the height increments were 1.5 cm, 2.0 cm and 2.6 cm for every 10 years. The urban-rural difference in height has become smaller, the height difference in 6 - 7 years group for boys was decreased from 4.9 cm in 1975 to 2.6 cm in 2005. The weight has become smaller in children under 3 years old but becoming greater after 3 years, such as the difference increased from 1.14 kg in 1975 to 1.72 kg in 2005 for boys aged 6 - 7 years old. The regional difference also showed a decreasing trend.

CONCLUSIONThe physical growth of Chinese children had been much improved during the past 30 years and the secular trend should be still continuing at an accelerated growth stage. The urban-rural difference and regional difference in weight and height had become smaller.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Child ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies ; Urban Population

Background and Objective Keshan disease is clinically characterized as a dilated eardiomyopathy. We analyze the prevalence trend during last decade of hypertension and Keshan-disease in Yangzhuang village which was a Keshan-disease epidemic area.Method The survey including medical history,blood pressure and ECG were carried out every two years during the follow up 13 years.Results During follow up period,the total detection rate(hypertension:13.4 % vs Keshan-disease:10.7 %,?~2=8.555,P=0.002)and the accumulative rate of hypertension were higher than those of Keshan-disease,which was on the contrary to that before 1993,when increasing rate of Keshan-disease was higher than hypertension.Furthermore,the accumulative increasing rate of hypertension was 240.0%,which was higher than the national average level during corresponding period with no significant differences between female and male.Conclusion The detection rate of hypertension in Keshan disease epidemic area was higher than the average rate nation-wide.Whether the hypertension prevalence was re- lated to Keshan-disease needs further investigation.

Objective: To study the outcome of perforator flap combined with mesh in repairing cicatricial abdominal hernia after deep burn. Methods: From June 2000 to June 2016, 11 cases of cicatricial abdominal wall hernia after deep burn were treated. 8 cases were caused by electrical burn, 2 cases by stove burn and 1 case by molten iron burn. All of them were Ⅳ degree burn of abdominal wall. The overall treatment time was 1-11 years, with the average of 4.1 years. The hernias were 6 cm × 6 cm to 12 cm × 11 cm in size. The abdominal wall hernia was repaired following the process of scar excision, mesh and perforator flap transfer and defect repairment. 3 kinds of mesh materials were used, polypropylene mesh (n=7), composite mesh (n=2), and acellular allogenic dermis (n=2). The size of meshes ranged from 8 cm ×8 cm to 16 cm ×13 cm. Meanwhile, paraumbilical perforator flaps were used in 5 patients, and anterolateral thigh perforator flaps were 6. The flaps were 18 cm ×10 cm to 22 cm ×13 cm in size. Results: All 11 cases of abdominal wall hernia were repaired. Follow-up period was 6 months to 2 years. There was no recurrence was found. The shape of the flap was satisfying. Conclusions The perforator flap combined with mesh is a good method to repair cicatricial abdominal wall hernia after deep burn.