OBJECTIVE:To provide reference and evidence for rational use of clinical nutrition. METHODS:The types of en-teral and parenteral nutrition and the cost of prescription were analyzed statistically in 17 third grade class A general hospitals,3 third grade class A special hospitals and 14 secondary general hospitals from Shanghai area during 2011 to 2013. RESULTS:Nutri-tion preparations were mainly used by hospitalized patients. Total cost of nutrition preparations in outpatient and emergency depart-ment respectively occupied 8.14%,8.77% and 8.89% of total cost of nutrition preparations in the hospital during 2011-2013. The parenteral nutrition was the main form of nutritional support. There were only three kinds of enteral nutrition in top ten nutrition preparations in the list of prescription cost. Although seven out of ten kinds of nutrition preparations were given enterally which was the main mode for outpatients and emergency patients,the cost of prescriptions of parenteral nutrition increased faster compared to enteral nutrition,especially alanyl-glutamine. CONCLUSIONS:Parenteral nutrition is the main mode of nutrition support,especial-ly for inpatients;great attention should be paid to the increase of the cost of prescriptions about parenteral nutrition in outpatients and emergency patients.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; therapy

We used 4 methods,such as ultrasonic crush(UC),ultrasonic rinse(UR),whorl surge(WS)and rubbing(RU),to isolate epiphytic bacteria from red alga Gracilaria lemaneiformis.Then,we counted bacteria numbers,detected bacterial species,observed bacterial configuration and characteristic of cell wall.Compared with these methods and with different treatments in one method,the results were drawn:the UR and RU were inferior in all methods to isolate bacterial numbers and species,the UC and WS were better,especially,the treatment 30W 30s of UC was the best in experiment,which isolated 12 of 16 bacterial species,and got 1.75 10~6 cells per gram wet weight G.lemaneiformis.

Objective To explore the operative main point and clinical effects of laparoscopic treatment for hepatic cyst. Methods Between August 2006 and April 2009, Forty-eight cases of laparoscopic treatment for hepatic cyst were performed, and the data were analyzed retrospectively. Of these treatments, there were laparoscopic fenestration (46 cases) and laparoscopic anatomical resection of left hepatic lobe (2 cases). Of the patients, there were solitary cyst (41 cases) and multiple cyst (7 cases). Results Fortyeight cases all performed laparoscopic treatment successfully. There were no converting to open operation, no biliary leakage and no bleeding. Except for resection of left hepatic lobe, the operating time was 30 -96 minutes (mean, 45 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was 10 -90 mL (mean, 26 mL) and the postoperative hospital stay was 3 - 9 days (mean, 5 days). All the 48 patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (mean, 32 months), 2 cases were found recurrence. Conclusions Affluent experience and proper standard of operation are key points for avoiding recurrence and complication in laparoscopic treatment for hepatic cyst. Laparoscopic treatment for hepatic cyst is safe, characterized by less pain and rapid recovery.

Child ; Humans ; Lupus Nephritis ; complications ; Male ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; etiology ; Prognosis

Interaction of salinity (NaCl) and cadmium (Cd) on growth, mineral nutrients, Na and Cd accumulation in four barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was studied in a hydroponic experiment. Cd, NaCl and their combined stresses reduced Ca and Mg concentrations in roots and shoots, K concentration in shoots, increased K and Cu concentrations in roots relative to control, but had non-significant effect on micronutrients Cu, Fe and Mn concentrations in shoot. The three stresses reduced accumulation of most tested nutrients in both roots and shoots, except NaCl and NaCl+Cd stresses for root K and shoot Cu accumulation in salt tolerant genotypes. The salt tolerant genotypes did not have higher nutrient concentration and accumulation than the sensitive ones when exposed to Cd and NaCl stresses. In conclusion, the affecting mechanism of Cd stress on nutrients was to some extent different from salinity stress, and the NaCl+Cd stress was not equal to additional Cd and NaCl stresses, probably due to the different valence and competitive site of Na(+) and Cd(2+). NaCl addition in the Cd-containing medium caused remarkable reductions in both Cd concentration and accumulation, with the extent of reduction being also dependent on genotypes. The salt-tolerant genotypes had lower Na concentration than sensitive ones.
Cadmium ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Chlorophyll ; metabolism ; Genotype ; Hordeum ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Minerals ; metabolism ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Sodium Chloride

We characterized yield-relevant characters and their variations over genotypes and environments (locations and years) by examining two rice varieties (9746 and Jinfeng) with high yield potential. 9746 and Jinfeng were planted in two locations of Shanghai, China, during 2005 and 2006. The results show that there was a large variation in grain yield between locations and years. The realization of high yield potential for the two types of rice was closely related to the improved sink size, such as more panicles per square meter or grains per panicle. Stem and leaf biomasses were mainly accumulated from tillering stage to heading stage, and showed slow decline during grain filling. Meanwhile, some photosynthetic characters including net photosynthesis rate (Pn), leaf area index (LAI), specific leaf area (SLA), fluorescence parameter (maximum quantum yield of PSII, Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content (expressed as SPAD value), as well as nutrient (N, P, K) uptake were also measured to determine their variations over genotypes and environments and their relationships with grain yield. Although there were significant differences between years or locations for most measurements, SLA at tillering and heading stages, Fv/Fm and LAI at heading stage, stem biomass at heading and maturity stages, and leaf nitrogen concentration at tillering and heading stages remained little changed, indicating their possible applications as selectable characters in breeding programs. It was also found that stem nitrogen accumulation at tillering stage is one of the most important and stable traits for high yield formation.
Biomass ; Environment ; Genotype ; Nitrogen ; metabolism ; Oryza ; genetics ; growth & development ; Phosphorus ; metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Potassium ; metabolism

Humans ; Tuberculosis ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; surgery ; Vocal Cords

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of carotid ligation in the treatment of the carotid artery rupture(CAR). Methods A series of 30 patients who had CAR treated with carotid ligation were reviewed. There were 24 males and 6 females ranging in age from 32 to 76 years, with a mean of 53.9 years. The original sites of tumours were hypopharynx(n=11), larynx(n=5), thyroid (n= 6) and others(n =8). Of the 30 patients, 24 patients had received radiotherapy from 40 - 126 Gy and 10 patients underwent one or more surgical treatments. CAR in all cases occurred after surgical operation. CAR occurred in 5 -21 days after operation. Results By pressing the carotid and keeping breathe of the patients immediately after CAR, 25 patients were conscious, 2 patients in coma, and 3 patients died before carotid ligation. Seven cases were applied with carotid ligation, 3 cases with the combined ligation of carotid and brachiophatic arteries, and 17 cases with carotid ligation plus the repair by pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. The causes of CAR concluded fistula, wound dehiscence, wound infection and transferred flap necrosis. The omende hemorrhage occurred in 14 patients. Of 25 cases with the treatments of carotid ligation, 22 patients survived with no complication, 1 with brief muscle weakness and 2 with unconscious.Clinical follow-up period lasted more than 5 years at least in 6 patients. Conclusions CAR is the most dangerous complication in advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. The prompt hemostasis and carotid ligation are effective methods to rescue patients of CAR. It is important to keep patients conscious before carotid ligation surgery, with low rates of death and hemiplegia postoperatively.