Objective To study the effect of PEI on disseminating HCC cells in the peripheral blood in patients with recurrent HCC. MethodsWe examined blood samples from 29 recurrent HCC patients by nested RT-PCR for the determination of AFP?mRNA before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after PEI.ResultsBefore PEI 14 (48%) patients out of the 29 cases with recurrent HCC were positive with AFP?mRNA. Four weeks after a course of PEI only 2 cases (7%) remained AFP?mRNA positive.ConclutionsPEI effectively eradicating disseminating HCC cells in the peripheral blood shows a favourable potential for the treatment of recurrent HCC.

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative sleep deprivation on the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampi of aged rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats,aged 20 months,weighing 500-600 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) ; operation group (group O) ; sleep deprivation group (group S) ; postoperative sleep deprivation group (group OS).Sleep deprivation was induced in the rats by housing them on small platforms over water.They fell into the water if they lost muscle tone.All the rats had free access to food and water.In group OS,splenectomy was performed,and all the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation after the rats were awake.All the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation at the corresponding time point in group S.Morris water maze test was carried out at 24 h after operation.The number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region was counted after completion of Morris water maze test.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in O and OS groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group O,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and there was no significant difference in the numberof ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in group OS,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in group OS.Conclusion The mechanism by which postoperative sleep deprivation induces cognitive decline is not related to the expression of ChAT in hippocampi of aged rats.

Objective To study the effects of citrullinated vimentin (cVim) on the maturation and immunologic function of dendritic cells (DCs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) peripheral blood.Methods In the present study,mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with RA and cultivated in media containing GM-CSF and IL-4 to generate immature DCs (imDCs).The imDCs generated were stimulated with citrullinated vimentin and vimentin.LPS was used as the positive control and PBS was used as the negative control.The expression of surface molecules on the DCs,such as CD14,CD80,CD83,CD86,MHC Ⅰ and MHC Ⅱ were analyzed with FACS.The capability of the stimulatory activity of the DCs on allogeneic T cells in mixed reaction was tested by MTS.t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results Compared to untreated DCs,DCs treated with LPS increased the expression levels of MHC Ⅱ,CD80,CD83 and CD86 (1.07±0.14,1.25±0.13,1.90±1.08,2.44±0.65,P＜0.05),while cVim increased the expression levels of MHC Ⅱ ( 1.18±0.09,P＜0.05) and CD83 ( 1.97±0.99,P＜0.01 ),and Vim decreased the expression levels of CD80 (0.82±0.18,P＜0.01 ).It was demonstrated that the expression levels of MHC Ⅱ on DCs pulsed with cVim were significantly higher than that of the DCs with LPS,but the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 were not significantly different.The expression levels of MHC Ⅱ and CD83 on DCs pulsed with cVim were significantly higher than that of the DCs with Vim.The mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that the DCs induced by LPS and cVim trigerred the proli-feration of allogenic T cells obviously.Conclusion This result suggests that cVim could promote the phenotypic maturation of DCs and increase the expression of costimulatory molecules.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for rectal carcinoid tumors. Methods From January 2006 to January 2009, EMR was performed in 28 patients with rectal carcinoids, who were followed up to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety. Results Tumor diameters varied from 0.4 cm to 1. 2 cm (mean 0.7± 0. 2 cm). Negative resection margin was a-chieved in 26 cases (92. 9% ), tumor margin within 0. 1 cm of resection margin in 1 (7. 1% ) , and two margins coincided in 1 patient (7. 1% ). Hemostasis was performed with metal clips in 14 patients (50% ) and argon plasma coagulation (APC) in 9 (32. 1% ). Except for rectal bleeding in 1 patient (3. 6% ) , no other complications were observed. There was no recurrence in any patients during a follow-up of 6-36 months. Conclusion EMR is a useful and safe method for treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumor which does not cross submucosal layer.

Objective The study was performed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome of Chinese patients by evaluating the researches in China.Methods Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wangfang Data and Weipu Chinese Medical Journal Database were searched for the clinical data of the patients with blue rubber bled nevus syndrome.Results Among the 50 patients,31 cases were male,and 19 cases were female.All patients (100％) had the venous malformations of the skin.Thirty-five (70％) cases had melena,13 (26％) cases had bloody stool,and 35(70％) had dizziness and palpitation.Blue rubber bled nevus syndrome were diagnosed with gastroscopy (40/48,83.33 ％),coloscopy (30/41,73.17％) and small intestinal examination (23/25,92％).Fourteen cases received symptomatic treatment.Twelve cases received therapeutic endoscopy,which lesions were located in stomach and colon.Sixteen cases received operation,and 2 cases were treated by laparoscopy and endoscopy.Conclusions Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disease.The skin and gastrointestinal system are involved in all patients with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in China.The routine examination for diagnosis of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome should include examination of the small intestine.It still needs further research about effective treatment of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of internal rib fixation combined with external chest fixation and mechanical ventilation for traumatic flail chest with pulmonary contusion.Methods Sixty cases of traumatic flail chest with pulmonary contusion treated from January 2011 to December 2014 were assigned to experimental group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) according to the random number table.Patients in control group received thoracic external fixation combined with mechanical ventilation.In experimental group the patients received the same care but in addition they had rib fixation.The two groups were compared with regard to general condition, arterial blood gas as well as vital signs before treatment and 24 hours after treatment, lung function 3 months after discharge, complication rate and mortality.Results ICU stay [(6.8 ± 1.0) d], hospital stay [(15.0 ± 1.8) d] and duration of mechanical ventilation [(4.8 ± 1.0) d] in experimental group were significantly lower than these in control group [(13.6 ± 2.5) d, (21.4 ± 2.6) d, (10.3 ± 1.3) d, respectively] (P ＜ 0.01).After treatment for 24 hours in either group, the pH value, PaO2, oxygenation index and systolic pressure (SBP) were significantly increased, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were significantly lowered as compared to these before treatment (P ＜0.05).After treatment for 24 hours, experimental group demonstrated significantly enhanced levels in pH value,PaO2, oxygenation index and SBP but lowered levels in PaCO2, HR and RR as compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Three months after discharge, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), 75％ forced expiratory flow (FEF75％) and total lung capacity (TLC) in experimental group were (81.7 ±2.6)％, (75.4 ±4.1)％, (83.2 ±4.6)％,(69.1 ±2.3)％, and (88.7 ±3.4)％ respectively, significantly higher than (69.0 ±3.6)％, (71.3 ± 3.9) ％, (78.9 ± 4.3) ％, (62.3 ± 3.3) ％, and (79.0 ± 4.6) ％ respectively in control group (P ＜0.01).In experimental group, there were four cases of pulmonary infection (13％), three pulmonary atelectasis(10％) and one intercostal neuralgia (3％).In control group, there were six cases of pulmonary infection (20％), five pulmonary atelectasis (17％), four intercostal neuralgia (13％) and four thoracocyllosis(13％)(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups.Conclusion Treatment effect of internal rib fixation for flail chest with pulmonary contusion is improved in combination with mechanical ventilation and external chest fixation.

Objective To silence Bax gene in H9c2 cells by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD) combined with polyethylenimine.Methods The shRNA expression plasmid targeting Bax gene was co-treated with microbubbles and polyethylenimine.Then the mixture added to H9c2 cells were irradiated by ultrasound.Grouping:① plasmid group;② Lipofectamine2000 + plasmid group; ③ UTMD + plasmid group;④ PEI + UTMD + plasmid group;⑤ PEI + SonoVue + plasmid group (without ultrasound irradiation).The transfection efficiency was assessed by fluorescence microscope and FCM.The expression of Bax mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot.Results Bax shRNA wasn't destroyed by ultrasound exposure.The transfection efficiency of PEI + UTMD + plasmid group was higher than any other groups obviously (P ＜0.05).The result of RT-PCR and Western Blot showed inhibition efficiency of Bax mRNA and protein expression in PEI + UTMD + plasmid group were (69.41 ± 4.91) ％ and (64.09 ± 2.38)％ separately,which were higher than any other groups significantly (P ＜0.05).Conclusions UTMD combined with polyethylenimine can inhibit the expression of Bax gene in H9c2 cells effectively.

Objective To use hemin as a catalyst in the formation of disulfide bonds in the synthesis of linaclotide. Methods The linaclotide peptide was synthesized by the standard 9-fluorenylmethyl(Fmoc)solid-phase synthetic strategy. Wang resin and Trt-protected cysteine were used in the synthesis. Hemin was used in random oxidation of line linaclotide. The result was compared with those of air,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),and I2 oxidation systems. Results and Conclusion Hemin is a highly effective catalyst for disulfide bond formation in linaclotide synthesis. It overcomes some disadvantages in oxidation reactions with conventional oxidative re-agents,and supplies a convenient way for the synthesis of peptide with concentrated disulfide bonds.

Objective:To prove the effect of PADI-4 gene in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.Methods:Four SiRNA sequences were designed for PADI-4 gene,and the SiRNAs were cloned into blank pSiRNA-hH1neo G2 vectors.The vectors were transformed into GT116 E.coli competent cells.By white-blue selection system,the right vectors were gotten.After transfection into HL-60 cells,the cells were collected on 3,5,7,10 and 14 day,the levels of PADI-4 mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR.Results:Digestion by Acc 65Ⅰand Hind Ⅲ,the recombinant expressive vector of RNA interference was obtained successfully.The PADI-4 mRNA generated by the cells transfected with the vector of SiRNAs were reduced,and the level was not change in normal cells.Conclusion:The recombinant expressive vector of RNA interference is obtained successfully and the recombinant expressive vector can affect expression of PADI-4 gene in HL-60 cells.

Objective To investigate the formation of biofilm in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis ,and to analyse the correlation between biofilm formation and antibacterial resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis .Methods A total of 62 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from blood specimens of inpatients with bloodstream infection ,from January 2014 to February 2015 ,were collected .The biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected by using the semi‐quantitative adherence as‐say and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) amplification experiment .The antibacterial susceptibility test was carried out according to K‐B method .Results The positive rate of biofilm formation detected by using the semi‐quantitative adherence assay and PCR for icaA gene were 37 .1% (23 strains) and 43 .5% (27 strains) respectively ,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0 .05) .There were 14 positive strains detected by both methods .The resistance rates of strains producing biofilm to antibacterial a‐gents were generally higher than those of non‐producing biofilm strains ,and there were statistically significant differences in resist‐ance rates of strains to gentamicin ,penicillin ,oxacillin ,levofloxacin and cefoxitin(P<0 .05) .All bacteria were sensitive to vancomy‐cin ,linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin .Conclusion There is no significant difference between the two methods in detecing bio‐film formation .The resistance rates of strains producing biofilm to antibacterial agents were generally higher than those of non‐pro‐ducing biofilm strains .