Objective To study the effect of PEI on disseminating HCC cells in the peripheral blood in patients with recurrent HCC. MethodsWe examined blood samples from 29 recurrent HCC patients by nested RT-PCR for the determination of AFP?mRNA before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after PEI.ResultsBefore PEI 14 (48%) patients out of the 29 cases with recurrent HCC were positive with AFP?mRNA. Four weeks after a course of PEI only 2 cases (7%) remained AFP?mRNA positive.ConclutionsPEI effectively eradicating disseminating HCC cells in the peripheral blood shows a favourable potential for the treatment of recurrent HCC.

Objective To investigate the effects of postoperative sleep deprivation on the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampi of aged rats.Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats,aged 20 months,weighing 500-600 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) ; operation group (group O) ; sleep deprivation group (group S) ; postoperative sleep deprivation group (group OS).Sleep deprivation was induced in the rats by housing them on small platforms over water.They fell into the water if they lost muscle tone.All the rats had free access to food and water.In group OS,splenectomy was performed,and all the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation after the rats were awake.All the rats underwent 24 h sleep deprivation at the corresponding time point in group S.Morris water maze test was carried out at 24 h after operation.The number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region was counted after completion of Morris water maze test.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in O and OS groups,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group O,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and there was no significant difference in the numberof ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region in group OS,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group S.Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform and the number of ChAT positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased after operation in group OS.Conclusion The mechanism by which postoperative sleep deprivation induces cognitive decline is not related to the expression of ChAT in hippocampi of aged rats.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for rectal carcinoid tumors. Methods From January 2006 to January 2009, EMR was performed in 28 patients with rectal carcinoids, who were followed up to evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety. Results Tumor diameters varied from 0.4 cm to 1. 2 cm (mean 0.7± 0. 2 cm). Negative resection margin was a-chieved in 26 cases (92. 9% ), tumor margin within 0. 1 cm of resection margin in 1 (7. 1% ) , and two margins coincided in 1 patient (7. 1% ). Hemostasis was performed with metal clips in 14 patients (50% ) and argon plasma coagulation (APC) in 9 (32. 1% ). Except for rectal bleeding in 1 patient (3. 6% ) , no other complications were observed. There was no recurrence in any patients during a follow-up of 6-36 months. Conclusion EMR is a useful and safe method for treatment of small rectal carcinoid tumor which does not cross submucosal layer.

Objective To study the effects of citrullinated vimentin (cVim) on the maturation and immunologic function of dendritic cells (DCs) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) peripheral blood.Methods In the present study,mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with RA and cultivated in media containing GM-CSF and IL-4 to generate immature DCs (imDCs).The imDCs generated were stimulated with citrullinated vimentin and vimentin.LPS was used as the positive control and PBS was used as the negative control.The expression of surface molecules on the DCs,such as CD14,CD80,CD83,CD86,MHC Ⅰ and MHC Ⅱ were analyzed with FACS.The capability of the stimulatory activity of the DCs on allogeneic T cells in mixed reaction was tested by MTS.t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results Compared to untreated DCs,DCs treated with LPS increased the expression levels of MHC Ⅱ,CD80,CD83 and CD86 (1.07±0.14,1.25±0.13,1.90±1.08,2.44±0.65,P＜0.05),while cVim increased the expression levels of MHC Ⅱ ( 1.18±0.09,P＜0.05) and CD83 ( 1.97±0.99,P＜0.01 ),and Vim decreased the expression levels of CD80 (0.82±0.18,P＜0.01 ).It was demonstrated that the expression levels of MHC Ⅱ on DCs pulsed with cVim were significantly higher than that of the DCs with LPS,but the expression levels of CD80 and CD86 were not significantly different.The expression levels of MHC Ⅱ and CD83 on DCs pulsed with cVim were significantly higher than that of the DCs with Vim.The mixed lymphocyte reaction showed that the DCs induced by LPS and cVim trigerred the proli-feration of allogenic T cells obviously.Conclusion This result suggests that cVim could promote the phenotypic maturation of DCs and increase the expression of costimulatory molecules.

Objective The study was performed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome of Chinese patients by evaluating the researches in China.Methods Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wangfang Data and Weipu Chinese Medical Journal Database were searched for the clinical data of the patients with blue rubber bled nevus syndrome.Results Among the 50 patients,31 cases were male,and 19 cases were female.All patients (100％) had the venous malformations of the skin.Thirty-five (70％) cases had melena,13 (26％) cases had bloody stool,and 35(70％) had dizziness and palpitation.Blue rubber bled nevus syndrome were diagnosed with gastroscopy (40/48,83.33 ％),coloscopy (30/41,73.17％) and small intestinal examination (23/25,92％).Fourteen cases received symptomatic treatment.Twelve cases received therapeutic endoscopy,which lesions were located in stomach and colon.Sixteen cases received operation,and 2 cases were treated by laparoscopy and endoscopy.Conclusions Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disease.The skin and gastrointestinal system are involved in all patients with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome in China.The routine examination for diagnosis of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome should include examination of the small intestine.It still needs further research about effective treatment of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of internal rib fixation combined with external chest fixation and mechanical ventilation for traumatic flail chest with pulmonary contusion.Methods Sixty cases of traumatic flail chest with pulmonary contusion treated from January 2011 to December 2014 were assigned to experimental group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) according to the random number table.Patients in control group received thoracic external fixation combined with mechanical ventilation.In experimental group the patients received the same care but in addition they had rib fixation.The two groups were compared with regard to general condition, arterial blood gas as well as vital signs before treatment and 24 hours after treatment, lung function 3 months after discharge, complication rate and mortality.Results ICU stay [(6.8 ± 1.0) d], hospital stay [(15.0 ± 1.8) d] and duration of mechanical ventilation [(4.8 ± 1.0) d] in experimental group were significantly lower than these in control group [(13.6 ± 2.5) d, (21.4 ± 2.6) d, (10.3 ± 1.3) d, respectively] (P ＜ 0.01).After treatment for 24 hours in either group, the pH value, PaO2, oxygenation index and systolic pressure (SBP) were significantly increased, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were significantly lowered as compared to these before treatment (P ＜0.05).After treatment for 24 hours, experimental group demonstrated significantly enhanced levels in pH value,PaO2, oxygenation index and SBP but lowered levels in PaCO2, HR and RR as compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Three months after discharge, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), 75％ forced expiratory flow (FEF75％) and total lung capacity (TLC) in experimental group were (81.7 ±2.6)％, (75.4 ±4.1)％, (83.2 ±4.6)％,(69.1 ±2.3)％, and (88.7 ±3.4)％ respectively, significantly higher than (69.0 ±3.6)％, (71.3 ± 3.9) ％, (78.9 ± 4.3) ％, (62.3 ± 3.3) ％, and (79.0 ± 4.6) ％ respectively in control group (P ＜0.01).In experimental group, there were four cases of pulmonary infection (13％), three pulmonary atelectasis(10％) and one intercostal neuralgia (3％).In control group, there were six cases of pulmonary infection (20％), five pulmonary atelectasis (17％), four intercostal neuralgia (13％) and four thoracocyllosis(13％)(P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups.Conclusion Treatment effect of internal rib fixation for flail chest with pulmonary contusion is improved in combination with mechanical ventilation and external chest fixation.

Objective To silence Bax gene in H9c2 cells by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction(UTMD) combined with polyethylenimine.Methods The shRNA expression plasmid targeting Bax gene was co-treated with microbubbles and polyethylenimine.Then the mixture added to H9c2 cells were irradiated by ultrasound.Grouping:① plasmid group;② Lipofectamine2000 + plasmid group; ③ UTMD + plasmid group;④ PEI + UTMD + plasmid group;⑤ PEI + SonoVue + plasmid group (without ultrasound irradiation).The transfection efficiency was assessed by fluorescence microscope and FCM.The expression of Bax mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot.Results Bax shRNA wasn't destroyed by ultrasound exposure.The transfection efficiency of PEI + UTMD + plasmid group was higher than any other groups obviously (P ＜0.05).The result of RT-PCR and Western Blot showed inhibition efficiency of Bax mRNA and protein expression in PEI + UTMD + plasmid group were (69.41 ± 4.91) ％ and (64.09 ± 2.38)％ separately,which were higher than any other groups significantly (P ＜0.05).Conclusions UTMD combined with polyethylenimine can inhibit the expression of Bax gene in H9c2 cells effectively.

Objective To use hemin as a catalyst in the formation of disulfide bonds in the synthesis of linaclotide. Methods The linaclotide peptide was synthesized by the standard 9-fluorenylmethyl(Fmoc)solid-phase synthetic strategy. Wang resin and Trt-protected cysteine were used in the synthesis. Hemin was used in random oxidation of line linaclotide. The result was compared with those of air,dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),and I2 oxidation systems. Results and Conclusion Hemin is a highly effective catalyst for disulfide bond formation in linaclotide synthesis. It overcomes some disadvantages in oxidation reactions with conventional oxidative re-agents,and supplies a convenient way for the synthesis of peptide with concentrated disulfide bonds.

Background Growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are the major pathological changes of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).Arsenic trioxide ( As2O3 ) is an active ingredient of Chinese traditional medicines,which has an inhibition on proliferation and migration of tumor cells.However,it is not clear whether As2O3 could inhibit growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of RPE cells. Objective This study was to explore the effects of As2O3 on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells. Methods RPE cell line (ARPE-19 cells) were cultured.Different concentrations of As2O3(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0,10.0,20.0 μmol/L) were added in the culture plate to treat ARPE-19 cells with or without 10 mg/L EGF in serum-free group for 24 and 48 hours,respectively.The MTT colorimetric assay was used to check the cell viability and evaluate the drug toxicity.The effects of As2O3 on EGF-induced proliferation of ARPE-19 cells were analyzed to get an effective and avirulent concentrations of As2O3.The effects of As2O3 on EGF-induced migration of ARPE-19 cells were observed by scratch-wound assay and the Boyden chamber assay.Results MTT assay showed that the A values were gradually declined with the increase of As2O3 concentrations after As2O3 treatment without EGF for 24 hours and 48 hours ( Fgroup =38.269,P =0.000 ; Ftime =0.874,P =0.358 ).Compared with the control group,no significant differences were seen in the A values of ARPE-19 cells in 0.5-5.0 μmol/L groups (all P＞0.05).Meantime,As2O3 reduced the A values of ARPE-19 cell with 10 mg/L EGF in dose- and time-dependent manner ( Fgroup =152.155,P =0.000 ; Ftime =51.649,P =0.000 ).There were not significant differences in 10 mg/L EGF-induced cell growth after 0.5,1.0,2.0 μmol/L As2O3 was added for 24 and 48 hours ( Fgroup =2.215,P =0.126 ;Ftime =2.230,P =0.155).However,when 5.0-20.0 μmol/L As2O3 added,the A values of 10 mg/L EGF-induced ARPE-19 cells lowed,showing a significant difference in comparison with the control groups ( all P＜0.05),with the cellular inhibiting rate 12％,32％,37％ in 24 hours and 39％,44％ and 53％ in 48 hours.Scratch-wound assay showed that EGF-induced horizontal migration of ARPE-19 cells was slow after 0.5-2.0 μmol/L As2O3 treated,and the same results also appeared in cell lognitudinal migration by Boyden chamber assay,with the inhibitory rates 22％,33％ and 46％ respectively. Conclusions As2O3 is avirulent on ARPE-19 cells within definite concentration range.At ≤ 2.0 μmol/L concentrations,As2O3 dose not affect EGF-induced proliferation of ARPE-19 cells,but it suppresses EGF-induced cell migration.At ≥ 5.0 μmol/L concentrations,As2O3 plays an inhibitory role to EGF-induced proliferation of ARPE-19 cells.

Objective To evaluate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) against peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene on apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The siRNA targeting PADI4 was constructed and transfected into FLS cells in RA via LipofectamineTM 2000.The expression level of PDAI4 mRNA was detected by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR).The protein expression of PADI4,CyclinB1 and P21 was detected by Western blotting.The apoptosis of FLS cells in RA was examined by flow cytometry.The levels of IL-1β were detected by ELISA.T-test was used for statistical analysis.Results siRNA-PADI4 efficiently down-regulated the PADI4 expression compared with control group,1.00±0.20 vs 0.38±0.20 (t=9.607,P＜0.01),0.39±0.23(t=8.394,P＜0.01).FCM analysis showed that the percentage of apoptosis cells in PADI4 siRNA group in FLS was (5.4±0.6)％ (t=-19.223,P＜0.01) and (6.1±0.6)％ respectively (t=-24.229,P＜0.01),which was significantly higher than that in the control group in FLS (1.6±0.3)％.The expression of CyclinB1 protein was decreased,and P21 increased.The concentrations of IL-1β in culture medium of the transfected group were (26.8±0.7) ng/ml (t=-10.747,P＜0.01) and (27.7±0.7) ng/ml (t=-10.967,P＜0.01),higher than the control group [(23.9±0.7) ng/ml].Conclusion After being transfected with PADI4 siRNA,the apoptosis of FLS cells in RA is increased.Our results have demonstrated the potential role of CyclinB1 and P21 in PADI4 signaling.