ObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of an ultrasonography-based method to examine quadriceps femoris contracting. MethodsThe thickness of bilateral rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of RF was measured in 10 healthy subjects （n=20） in a relaxed position and 3 isometric contraction states using ultrasonography by two examiners. The date was compared with paired t test. Half of these subjects （n=10） were also measured with MRI at rest. The date was also compared with paired t test. ResultsThere was no significant difference between MRI and static compound ultrasonography, nor between two examiners. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in thickness of RF and VI between relaxed and isometric contraction conditions. There was no significant difference among isometric contraction conditions. There was no significant difference among measurements of RF-CSA. Conclusionultrasonography shows good validity and reliability in measuring quadriceps shape.

Objective: To study the glucose,insulin,Cpeptide response and relative safety after orally taking different doses of fructose in type 2 diabetes.Methods: 10 patients with type 2 diabetes,were given 50 g glucose,10 g fructose+40 g glucose,30 g fructose+20 g glucose,40 g fructose+10 g glucose,50 g fructose respectively,the serum glucose,insulin,C-peptide,lactic acid,uric acid,heart ratio and blood pressure were measured at 0 min,15 min,30 min,60 min,120 min and relative safety was observed at the same time.Results: The serum glucose,insulin,C-peptide were significantly lower than 50 g glucose group,the insulin,C-peptide decreased 14.30%,23.73%,40.42%,58.48% and 4.62%,14.32%,7.62%,29.33% in 10F+40G group,30F+ 20G group,40F+10G group and 50F group when compared with 50G group,which showed dose-response relationship.The glycemic index was 91.8,62.4,43.6,37.5 in 10F+40G group,30F+ 20G group,40F+ 10G group and 50F group.No adverse effect was observed during the test.Conclusion: It is beneficial to the protection ? cells of pancreas to orally take different doses of fructose.Fructose taken orally may influence the serum lactic acid.

To study the effects of conjee and cooked rice on postprandial glucose and plasma insulin levels in type 2 diatetes,and to help diabetic patients select reasonably food.41 diabetes were divided into cooked rice group ( group A),conjee with steamed bread group ( group B),and oatmeal group ( group C ).At 1 h after meal,the values of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) was significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B [ ( 11.17± 2.30 vs 12.88 ± 1.29,13.29 ± 1.97 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].At 2 h after meal,the value of PPG was significantly lower in group C than in group A [ ( 8.88 ± 2.66 vs 10.87 ± 1.63 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05 ].At 1 h and 2 h after meal,there was no significant difference between the value of PPG in goup A and group B ( P＞0.05 ).At 1 h after meal,the value of plasma insulin was significantly lower in group C than those in group B [ (46.02 ± 26.32 vs 88.56 ± 68.75 )μU/ml,P ＜0.05 ],and there was a littler higher in group B than group A ( P＞0.05 ).At 2 h after meal,there was no statistical difference of plasma insulin among group A,B,C [ ( 57.10 ± 33.56,62.26 ± 24.42,54.16 ± 41.35 )μU/ml,P＞0.05 ) ].Isocaloric oat food is potentially beneficial in sustaining blood glucose status and decreasing insulin secretion.It is the ideal choice for type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,there were no statistical differences in PPG and insulin levels between the individuals taking conjee with steam bread and cooked rice.

OBJECTIVETo characterize the profile of chromosomal imbalances of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Linzhou, the high prevalence area of Henan province.

METHODSComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 52 cases of primary SCC of esophagus.

RESULTSGains in part or in whole of chromosome 3q, 8q, 5p, 1q, 6q, 18p, 20q and losses of 3p, 1p, 9q, 19p, 4p, 8p were detected frequently in SCC (> 20%). Gain of 3q, 5p, 1q, 11q13-14 and loss of 4pq, 13q were all significantly correlated with pathologic staging (P < 0.05). Gains of 8q, loss of 4p were linked to nodal metastasis (P < 0.05). Gains of 2p and loss of 4pq, 11q14-qter were associated with distant organ metastasis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThese observations suggest that 3q, 8q, 5p, 1q, 6q, 18p, and 20q may contain SCC-related oncogenes; 3p, 1p, 9q, 19p, 4p and 8p may contain SCC-related tumor suppressor genes. It is likely that gain of 3q, 5p, 1q, 11q13-14 and loss of 4pq, 13q are the genetic aberrations critical for the development of esophageal carcinoma, whereas gains of 8q, 2p and loss of 4pq, 11q14-qter are considered later events associated with tumor progression and are thought to confer metastatic potential to esophageal carcinoma. Furthermore, nodal and distant organ metastases involve different genes.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization

OBJECTIVETo characterize the profiles of chromosome imbalance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) from the high incidence area in Henan.

METHODSChromosomal aberrations of 37 samples of SCC and 30 GCA were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

RESULTSIt was found that the most frequently detected gains were on chromosome arm 8q (78%), and followed by 3q, 5p, 6q and 7p. The most frequent loss was found on 3p (57%), and followed by 8p, 9q and 11q in SCC. For GCA, the most frequent gain was found on chromosome arm 20q (43%), and followed by 6q, 8q and 6p. The most frequent loss was on the chromosome 17p (57%), and followed by 19p, 1p and 4p.

CONCLUSIONThe present findings demonstrate that gains of 8q, 3q and 5p, and losses of 3p, 8p, and 9q are characteristic profile of chromosome imbalance in SCC, and the gains of 20q, 6q and losses of 17p, 19p and 1p are characteristic profile of chromosome imbalance in GCA, which provide important theoretic information for identifying and cloning novel SCC/GCA-related genes.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Cardia ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics

Objective To study the clinical manifestations and treatment methods of hyperprolactinemia (HPRL), a common disorder encountered in clinical practice, and explore its association with prolactinomas. Methods The clinical data, hormone profile and imaging data of 166females with documented HPRL, admitted to our hospital from January 2005 to January 2010, for over a period of 5 years, including 4 years of retrospective analysis and 1 year of prospective study, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Most patients aged 20-40 with abnormal menstruation as their most common symptom; 141 patients (84.9％) appeared abnormal menstruation and 1 14 (68.7％) with galactorrhea. Microadenoma was noted in 62 patients (37.3％), nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma involved stalk occurred in 26 patients (15.7％). As compared with that in patients with idiopathic HPRL ([93.9±20.4]ng/mL), the level ofprolactin in patients with microprolactinoma ([161.2±60.6]ng/mL) was significantly higher (P＜0.05); as compared with that in patients with prolactin microadenoma, the level of prolactin in patients with domperidone caused drug-induced HPRL ([240.2±29.4]ng/mL) was obviously increased (P＜0.05). Conclusion We cannot confirm whether a HPRL patient has prolactinomas only through detecting the level of prolactin. Microprolactinoma is the most common cause of HPRL, followed by idiopathic cause.

OBJECTIVETo characterize the profile of chromosomal imbalances in esophageal cancer (EC) with or without family history in Linzhou, Henan Province of China.

METHODSComparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to examine 13 cases with positive family history of EC and 32 cases with negative family history of EC. RESULTS DNA copy number gains on chromosome 10q was observed only in the cases with postivie family history of EC (30%), and none in cases with a negative family history (P<0.05). DNA copy number losses on chromosome 15q were significantly higher in cases with postivie family history (38% vs 6%, P<0.05). The frequency of DNA copy number gains in 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q and DNA copy number losses in 3p, 19q, 9q were similar in the two groups (both beyond 20%) (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFrequent DNA copy number gains on chromosome 10q and losses on chromosome 15q in EC casers with postivie family history indicate that these chromosome sites may harbor the genes related to high susceptibility to EC. Such chromosomal sites as 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, 3p, 19q, and 9q may contain important genes related with the environmental risk factors of esophageal carcinogenesis.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Chromosome Disorders ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 ; genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; methods ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Family Health ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics on the clustering nature of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in China.Methods Time and place distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009on the nature of clustering through data from Public Health Emergency Management Information System were described.Results As of August 10,2010,2773 pandemic (H1N1) 2009 clusters,a total of 77363 cases (including 20 deaths) were reported in the mainland of China.The most reported number of clusters was from schools and kindergartens with the total number of 2498 (accounted for 90.08％ of the total number).Middle schools appeared the have the most clusters (1223,accounting for 48.96％ ).The number of clusters reported in the southern provinces (cities) accounted for 77.03％ of the total,and was more than that in the northern provinces (cities).Two reported peaks in the southern provinces (cities) were in June and November,2009,respectively.There was only one reported peakin the northern provinces in September,2009.Conclusion Time and place distribution characteristics on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were similar to the seasonal influenza,but the beginning of winter peak was much earlier and intensity of reporting was much higher on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1 ) 2009 than that of seasonal influenza.

OBJECTIVETo explore the single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-LOOP region in peripheral blood lymphocytes of immuno-related pancytopenia (IRP) patients and its correlation with immune parameters.

METHODSThe D-LOOP region in mitochondrial DNA of lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 43 patients with untreated IRP was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The PCR products were sequenced by the pros and cons direct sequencing methods. The sequencing results were compared with the revised Cambridge reference sequence (rCRS) and the Polymorphic Sites of Human Mitochondrial Genome Database.

RESULTSAmong total of 110 variant positions of D-LOOP region in 43 patients, 62 was SNP sites and 48 was mutation sites, of which 14 were the new mutation sites not yet registered in the database, 516 base variations were observed at 110 positions, the most common variations were base substitutions, among them T/C and A/G was 184/410 and 113/410 respectively. In the 110 variant positions, the high frequency variation sites were 73 and 263 for 43/43,311 for 32/43,310 and 16 224 for 27/43,16 519 for 25/43, 489 and 16 362 for 24/43. By the analysis of mitochondrial DNA D-LOOP polymorphism and related clinical immunology indicators of the patient's lymphocytes, it was found that D-loop in adult patients (age≥ 18 years old) significantly correlated with CD15 IgM, GLYCoACells IgM, CD34CellsIgG, CD34Cells IgM correlation.

CONCLUSIONThe high frequency of polymorphism exists in mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of lymphocytes in IRPA patients, and was significantly correlates with the autoantibodies in bone marrow mononuclear cells in adult patients, which may be associated with the IRP occurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism of sorafenib resistance in hepatoma cells and identify for new targets to reverse drug resistance. METHODS: THP-1 cells were induced into M2 tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) in vitro and identified by immunofluorescence. SMMC-7721 cells were co-cultured with M2-TAMs with or without sorafenib treatment. CCK-8 assay was used to observe the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on the cell proliferation. Annexin V/PI double staining and protein immunoblotting were used to assess the effect of sorafenib on the proliferation, apoptosis and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins and autophagy-related protein in SMMC-7721 cells co-cultured with M2-TAMs in the presence or absence of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). RESULTS: The IC of sorafenib at 48 h was 2.25 μmol/L in SMMC-7721 cells cultured alone, and increased to 4.72 μmol/L in the cells co-cultured with M2-TAMs. Compared with the cells cultured alone, the co-cultured SMMC-7721 cells showed significantly reduced apoptosis rate in response to sorafenib ( < 0.01) and significantly increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio ( < 0.05) with also increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio ( < 0.001) and lowered expression of p62 ( < 0.05), suggesting a significantly enhanced level of autophagy. CQ treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of the co-cultured SMMC-7721 cells ( < 0.05), increased the cell apoptosis ( < 0.05) and reduced the Bcl-2/Bax ratio ( < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS M2-TAMs can attenuate the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on the proliferation of hepatoma cells by increasing the level of autophagy, suggesting a new strategy for reversing sorafenib resistance induced by the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting autophagy.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Macrophages ; Sorafenib