BackgroundResearches demonstrated that the levels of soluble CD44 (sCD44)molecule in aqueous is significantly higher in primary open-angle glaucomous(POAG) eye than normal eye,but how the sCD44 would affect the expression of apoptosis protein in trabecular meshwork cells is below understanding.Objective The present study was to investigate the effect of sCD44 on the expression of regulatory proteins bcl-2 associated death factor bad in trabecular meshwork cells in the patients with POAG.MethodsHuman scleral tissue with trabecular meshwork were obtained from POAG patients during the surgery.The trabecular meshwork cells were primarily cultured by explant culture method and identified by immunochemistry.The third generation of cells were incubated with free-serum DMEM/F12 medium added differnt dosages of sCD44 (0,1,5,10,25,50 mg/L) for 48 hours.The expression of bad protein in cultured cells was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) as the absorbance values at 490 nm(A,90 value),and the bad protein level in cultured cells was assayed by ELISA.ResultsThe cultured cells showed the positive response for laminin ( LM ),neuron specific enolase ( NSE ),fibronectin ( FN ) monoclonal antibodies.The CCK-8 assay showed that the A490 values of the trabecular meshwork cells in 0,1,5,10,25,50 μg/L of sCD44 groups were 0.2460±0.0019,0.1874±0.0015,0.1570±0.0016,0.1302±0.0019,0.1084±0.0018,0.0940±0.0020 respectively with a statistically significant difference among the 6 groups( F =14.922,P =0.000 ),and the A490 values in various dosages of sCD44 groups were significantly lower than the 0 μg/L sCD44 group (P=0.013,0.008,0.011,0.005,0.004).The ELISA assay showed that bad protein levels in 0,1,5,10,25,50 μg/L of sCD44 groups were ( 114.8461 ± 2.9560 ),( 137.8270 ± 2.4259 ),( 161.4194 ± 3.7381 ),( 170.9453 ± 3.2006 ),( 221.2252 ±4.3738 ),( 324.6167±4.4220) ng/L,showing a total difference among them ( F =16.610,P =0.000 ),and the bad protein levels in various dosages of sCD44 groups were significantly lower than the 0 μg/L sCD44 group( P =0.017,0.013,0.008,0.007,0.006).ConclusionssCD44 can contribute to the apoptosis of the trabecular meshwork cells in patients with POAG in certain dose range by regulating the apoptosis regulatory proteins bcl-2 associated death factor bad.

Objective To evaluate the quality of the examination paper of the theory of Clinical Diagnostics,to explore and reflect on the teaching methods,so as to improve the quality of teaching.Methods Finals results of Clinical Diagnostics including 40 clinical undergraduates of Capital Medical University were analyzed.SPSS 20.0 was used to make analysis of the frequency,means statistics and normality of the examination paper.Kuder Richardson/Cmnbacha formula,percentage unification methods and so on were used to calculate confidence,validity,difficulty and degrees of distinction.Acquisition of relevant knowledge was assessed according to score distribution,while test paper quality was evaluated based on indicators including confidence,validity,difficulty and degrees of distinction.Results Test scores of 40 students were between 61 to 96 (83.64 ± 8.07).The degree of confidence (γ) for choice questions and subjective questions was 0.65 and 0.59 respectively;The validity (V) was 0.27;The overall difficulty (P) of the examination was 0.84;The degrees of distinction (D) were between 0.16 to 0.30.And the total points losing rate was 16.36％.Conclusion The examination is of medium difficulty and good degree of distinction,but the teaching strategies still need further adjustment in order to improve the students' ability of flexible application of the basic knowledge.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of CT-guided localization with combination of methylene blue and a Hookwire system for small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) before video-assisted thoracoscopic resection.Methods CTguided localization the SPNs before resection in 56 patients and 60 nodules,then underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) resection.Among 56 patients,19 males and 37 females,aged from 35 to 81 years,mean age was (61.1 ±8.9)years.Results SPNs diameter (6.80 ±4.12) mm,distance from the parietal pleura (15.38 ±4.63) mm.CT-guided localization success rate was 100％,positioning time (10.76 ± 8.17) min,8.9％ (5/56) had micro pneumothorax aftet positioning,7.1％ (4/56) occurrence of needle tract bleeding,no conservative treatment.VATS resection rate was 100％.The pathology of 60 lesions were shown:Bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma(BAC) were 33 lesions(55.0％),BAC and adenocarcinoma were 11 lesions(18.3％),Atypicaladenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) were 7 lesions (11.8％),Inflammation were 4 lesions (6.7％),Harmatoma were 3 lesions(5.0％),Tuberculoses were 2 lesions(3.3％).Conclusion CT-guided localization with combination of methylene blue and a Hookwire system before video-assisted thoracoscopic resection is a promising technique for small solitary pulmonary nodules.It could play an important role in accurate localization of small pulmonary nodules,and it is a safe technique with clinical application.

Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; virology ; Female ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; virology ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal locking plates in treating Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures.

METHODSFrom January 2010 and October 2012, 38 calcaneal fractures with Sanders type II or III were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal locking plate. According to the Sanders classification, 15 fractures were classified as type II, 23 fractures as type III. The patients were divided into two groups (group A and B) according to the different fixed methods. Sustentaculum tali was fixed with one screw in group A, including 13 males and 5 females, with a mean age of (38.56±8.03) years old (ranged, 25 to 55). And sustentaculum tali was not fixed in group B, including 16 males and 4 females, with a mean age of (42.35±8.29) years old (ranged, 29 to 53). Clinical effects were evaluated according to the changes of Böhler's angle and the Maryland Foot Score and VAS score.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 20 months with a mean of 14 months. Böhler's angles and subtalar joints obtained satisfactory reconstruction in all patients. One year after operation, the mean Maryland Foot Score was 88.61±7.59 in group A; and was 82.40±9.24 in group B; Maryland Foot Score of group A was higher and foot functional rehabilitation was better than group B. The mean VAS score was 13.39±11.47 in group A; and was 22.50±13.10 in group B; VAS score of group A was lower and foot pain was less than group B.

CONCLUSIONSustentaculum tall screw fixation has advantages of strong fixed strength, high stability, less postoperative pain, rapid functional recovery in treating Sanders type II and III calcaneal fractures.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function

Macrolactins are 24-membered macrolides produced by unidentified marine bacterium, Actinomadura sp. and Bacillus sp., which exhibit both antibacterial and antitumor activities in vitro. The environmental strain X-2 which was isolated from the sediment of the East China Sea produce Macrolatin A, B and O. In this study, a set of degenerate oligonucleotide primers, designed for amplification ketosynthase(KS) domains, had been employed to identify KS gene fragments of the X-2 DNA samples. One 645 bp KS fragment(GenBank accession no. EF486351)had been cloned and used as a probe to screen the genome DNA fosmid library of X-2. Three positive clones were selected and sequenced, Homologous analysis and the function prediction of the obtained PKS gene fragments suggested that macrolactin is the Polyketide Biosynthesis Product of the gene cluster obtained in the environmental strain X-2.

Objective: To investigate the applied feasibility of scaffold with modified PLA (Polymer of lactic acid) in tissue engineering. Methods:First, we adopted salting-in method to prepare porous foam scaffold. Then, we reconstructed tissue engineering skin by epidermal cells and fibroblasts combined with modified PLA. On the 14th day of cell culturing in vitro, we was a control. Results:The arfificial skin is composed of epidermis and dermis and similar to natural skin in appearance. The skin consists of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, which are in various proliferation and differentiation stages. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes distribute on the surface of polymer of lactic acid (PLA) and the number of fibroblast and keratinocyte increase. Conclusion:Dialdehyde starches (DAS) not only improve the function of PLA but also have good effects on cells. Moreover, it does not affect the growth and the metabolism of the cells. So it is feasible to use modified scaffold to construct tissue engineering skin.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of tinnitus in patients with auditory neuropathy spec- trum disorder (ANSD). METHOD: This study recruited 14 ANSD patients with tinnitus. All the ANSD patients un- derwent detailed history taking, audiological examinations and assessments of tinnitus. This study analyzed the correlation of tinnitus status and hearing loss, and discussed the effects of sex, age, and the course of disease on tinnitus in ANSD patients. RESULT: (1) In the ANSD patients, tinnitus often occurred in 3 years after the onset of hearing loss; (2) Tinnitus was highly prevalent in ANSD patients, and the severity of tinnitus was mostly from mild to moderate; (3) There was no obvious correlation between the subjective grading of tinnitus and hearing loss de- gree, and the impact of curve patterns of hearing loss on the level of tinnitus need much more evidence-based proof; (4) Along with the course extension, the impact of tinnitus on the quality of life was much more obvious; (5) Some risk factors such as noise exposure could be the reasons of aggravating the degree of tinnitus. CONCLUSION Tinnitus in ANSD patients has its unique clinical features. The study of Tinnitus in ANSD patients can provide clinical basis for further research in ANSD.
Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Central ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Tinnitus ; complications ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostat- ic duct and acinus system,and to study the mechanism of intraprostatic urinary reflux(IPUR)resulting from high pressure of the posterior urethra by experiment.Methods Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and corrosion casting methods,high pressure of the prostatic urethra was produced based upon IPUR in normal male canines.Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)casting solution was injected into 8 Beagle canines'normal prostates to induce intraprostatie resin solution reflux.Results Six casting molds of nor- real canine prostate specimens were obtained,and the casting failed in 2.By corrosion and casting treatment, the prostate appeared to consist of several glandular lobes.The columnar apophyses of glandular surface were observed.The most glandular ducts pointed outward from urethral peristome.Each glandular duct system was made up of many bifurcated branches from the bough as a duct tree.More than 90% of the bifurcations were Y-shaped,and 6 bifurcated branches were rarely seen.The tip of the duct was vesicular.The diameter and length of the bough were(0.37?0.14)mm and(1.14?0.04)mm,respectively.The intersectional angle of urethra and peripheral glandular duct was the biggest.Peripheral glandular duct was perpendicular or con- verse to urinary flow.Peripheral glandular aeinus appeared elliptic and velvet.The mesh-like and crater-like depressions were shown on the surface of central glandular aeinus.Ejaculatory ducts independently and branchlessly entered the urethra.Conclusions The resin corrosion casting methods combined with SEM can clearly show the three-dimensional structure of normal male canine prostatic duct and acinus system. IPUR may easily occur in the peripheral glands from the morphological view.It is suggested that prostatitis occurs more commonly in peripheral glands,confirming a fact that high pressure of the posterior urethra can induce IPUR.

Objective: To determine the molecular weight and p urity of porcine platelet-derived growth factor (pPDGF) and to investigate its effect on DNA synthesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Metho ds: In the present experiment, the high performance liquid chromatograph y was used and the molecular weight and purity of pPDGF were studied. Human umbi lical vein endothelial cells was cultured and effects of pPDGF on DNA synthesis of endothelial cells was observed by 3H-TdR incorporation in vitro. Results: The findings of high performance liquid chromatography showed that the molecular weight of pPDGF was 29 120 and the purity was 89.46%, a nd pPDGF significantly promoted DNA synthesis of quiescent endothelial cells wit h a maximal response at a concentration of 40 ng/ml at 48 h. Conclusion: The molecular weight of pPDGF is 29 120, and it can promote DNA synthes is of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.