OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) gene therapy on bone defect and bone rarefaction around endosseous implant.

METHODSThe primary cultured bone marrow derived stroma cells (BMSCs) was transfected by plasmid pCDNA3.1(+) -TGF-beta1, and was adhered with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) for constructing TGF-beta1 gene-modified artificial bone. The model of rats with placed titanium implants in the proximal metaphyses of the tibiae after ovariectomy was made. The TGF-beta1 gene-modified artificial bone (experimental group), BMSCs-PLGA compound artificial bone (control group) and nothing (blank control group) were placed in the bone defect around implant. The tibiae were examined by decalcified sections with immunohistochemical method and histological analysis methods at intervals of 4 and 8 weeks after implant surgery in order to detect the expression of TGF-beta1 in new bone adjacent to the implant and the healing of the bone defect around the implant.

RESULTSThe expression level of TGF-beta1 of experimental group was higher than that of control group and blank control group at the 4th week. The histological analysis indicated that the gene-modified artificial bone had stronger osetogenic potential than others.

CONCLUSIONTGF-beta1 gene-modified artificial bone promotes the repair of the bone defect around titanium implants in osteoporotic rats.

Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rats ; Stromal Cells ; Titanium ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

A novel reaction-enzymatic ammonolysis discovered in the mid of 1990s has been demonstrated to be a very promising alternative in the preparation of optically pure compounds. The effects of organic solvent, initial water activity, temperature and additives on lipase Novozym435-catalyzed enantioselective ammonolysis of racemic phenylglycine methyl ester were investigated systematically in this paper. Enzymatic reaction of ammonolysis showed higher activity and enantioselectivity than the corresponding reaction of hydrolysis and alcoholysis.
Alcohols ; Ammonia ; Catalysis ; Dimethylformamide ; pharmacology ; Esters ; Glycine ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Hexoses ; pharmacology ; Hydrolysis ; Lipase ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Organic Chemicals ; Solvents ; Surface-Active Agents ; pharmacology ; Temperature ; Water

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence and the predictive factors of HBV polymerase YMDD variation among patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis during lamivudine therapy.

METHODSThe clinical data and serial sera of 313 chronic HBV infected patients (249 chronic hepatitis B and 64 liver cirrhosis) treated with lamivudine were collected. YMDD variations were determined by mispairing PCR-RFLP assay. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

RESULTSThe cumulative rates of variation among patients with chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis were 8.84% and 17.19%, 20.91% and 32.40%, 26.92% and 39.56%, 26.92% and 58.79% after 12, 24, 36 and 48 months of lamivudine treatment, respectively. The results of log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazard model analysis indicated that lamivudine monotherapy, low ALT level, high HBV DNA level, and the patients with liver cirrhosis at baseline were significantly related to an occurrence of YMDD variation.

CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that lower ALT and higher HBV DNA levels at baseline before lamivudine treatment, lamivudine monotherapy without combining alpha-interferon, and the patients with liver cirrhosis seem to be statistically significant for predicting the occurrence of YMDD variation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Amino Acid Motifs ; genetics ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; genetics ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical experience of surgical treatment of primary malignant tumors of the trachea and main bronchus.

METHODSThe clinicopathological data of 18 patients with primary malignant tumors of the trachea and main bronchus surgically treated from February 1994 to August 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The surgical management included sleeve tracheal resection in 8 cases, lower trachea and carina resection with carina reconstruction in 4 cases, local enucleation of the tumor in 4 cases, left or right carino-pneumonectomy and carina reconstruction in 2 cases, and resection of the tracheal or bronchial tumor and reconstruction of the airway under cardiopulmonary bypass in 6 cases.

RESULTSAmong the 18 cases, there were 7 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 9 squamous cell carcinomas, 1 lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma and 1 follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. All the cases recovered well except one who died of endotracheal bleeding and asphyxia at the 10(th) postoperative day.

CONCLUSIONSurgical resection is the most effective treatment for primary malignant tumors of the trachea and main bronchus. The selection of operation modes should be individualized according to patients' condition. Both complete resection and safety should be taken into consideration simultaneously.

Adult ; Aged ; Bronchial Neoplasms ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate antagonistic effect of microwave on hematopoietic damage of mice induced by gamma-ray irradiation.

METHODSMale healthy Kunning mice were treated with low dose microwave radiation before exposure to (60)Co gamma-ray irradiation of 8.0 Gy. The 30-day survival rate and average survival time of the mice after the treatment were examined. Peripheral blood parameters and the organ indexes of thymus and spleen were also observed in the irradiated mice. After exposure to 5.0 Gy gamma irradiation, indexes of hematopoietic foci formation of bone marrow cells (CFU-GM) and the proliferation activity of BMNCs were examined. The serum concentration of hemopoietic factors (GM-CSF and IL-3) were detected by ELISA kits.

RESULTSPre-exposure with 120 microW/cm(2) 900 MHz microwave increased the 30-day survival rate (P < 0.05) and the number of white blood cells of gamma-ray treated mice. The increases of the organ indexes of thymus and spleen, proliferation activity of BMNCs and CFU-GM hematopoietic foci numbers, as well as the higher serum concentration of GM-CSF and IL-3 were observed in the microwave pre-exposure group.

CONCLUSIONLow dose microwave radiation may exert potential antagonistic effects on hematopoietic injuries induced by ionizing radiation. The underlying mechanisms might be related with stimulation of hematopoietic growth factors expression, promotion of HSCs/HPCs proliferation, suppression on the reduction of HSCs/HPCs caused by (60)Co gamma-ray, and enhanced construction of the hematopoietic system.

Animals ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Bone Marrow Cells ; pathology ; radiation effects ; Cell Differentiation ; radiation effects ; Cell Proliferation ; radiation effects ; Gamma Rays ; adverse effects ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; blood ; Interleukin-3 ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Microwaves ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively review the perioperative management for primary tracheal malignant tumors resected under cardiopulmonary bypass.

METHODSThe data of 6 patients with primary tracheal malignant tumors who underwent surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass from December 1999 to August 2003 were reviewed. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established through right femoral vessels in 2 patients for emergency operation, through right atrium and ascending aorta in 4 patients. Sleeve tracheal resections in 3 patients, carinal resections and carina reconstructions in 2, and local enucleation in 1 were performed. Respiratory airway was kept patent by coughing and expectorating sputum.

RESULTSAll patients' dyspnea were relieved remarkably. The postoperative mechanic ventilation assistance lasted from 10 hours to 7 days. There was no perioperative mortality.

CONCLUSIONResection of primary tracheal malignant tumors with severe tracheal obstruction under cardiopulmonary bypass is practicable. Keeping respiratory airway patent perioperatively is very important and helpful to postoperative recovery.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Dyspnea ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Care ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Tracheotomy ; methods

Adult ; Cardiomyopathies ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Echinococcosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Echinococcosis, Hepatic ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Mediastinum ; parasitology ; Radiography ; Thoracotomy ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of vacuum-assisted closure technique (VAC) on expression of Bcl-2 and NGF during wound healing.

METHODSEighty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats of each. Group T was the experimental group; group C1, C2 and C3 were the control groups. In group T and group C1, capsaicin was injected subcutaneously to the back of the rats to destroy the sensory nerve. VAC was employed to the wound of the rats in group T and C2 three times a day at 80 mmHg negative pressure. In all the groups, tissue samples were taken from the wound edge and granulation at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after the injury. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and NGF/NGFmRNA in the samples.

RESULTSIn group C2 and C3, the expression of Bcl-2 and NGF/NGFmRNA was obvious, which increased gradually and reached the peak at the 9th day. In the process of wound healing, the expression Bcl-2 and NGF/NGFmRNA was higher in the group C2 than in group C3 (P < 0.05). The expression Bcl-2 and NGF/NGFmRNA in group T and C1 was lower than group C2 and C3 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe application of the vacuum-assisted closure technique during wound healing increases the expression of the apoptosic modulation related protein Bcl-2 and affects the expression of NGF/NGFmRNA, which may promote the wound healing process.

Animals ; Gene Expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Nerve Growth Factor ; analysis ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; analysis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vacuum ; Wound Healing

Objective: To investigate the influence of subchronic exposure to low-dose subchronic nano-nickel oxide (NNO) on the reproductive function of male rats and embryonic development of the pregnant rats. METHODS: Fifty normal healthy male SD rats weighing 180－220 g were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, negative control, 4 mg/ml micro-nickel oxide (MNO), and 0.16, 0.8 and 4 mg/ml NNO, those of the latter four groups exposed to MNO or NNO by non-contact intratracheal instillation once every 3 days for 60 days, and then all mated with normal adult female rats in the ratio of 1∶2. After the female animals were confirmed to be pregnant, the males were sacrificed and the weights of the body, testis and epididymis obtained, followed by calculation of the visceral coefficients, determination of epididymal sperm concentration and viability and the nickel contents in the blood and semen by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The female rats were killed on the 20th day of gestation for counting of the implanted fertilized eggs and live, dead and resorbed fetuses. RESULTS: After 60 days of exposure, the rats of the NNO groups showed no statistically significant differences from those of the negative control and MNO groups in the weights of the body, testis and epididymis or visceral coefficients. Compared with the negative control group, the animals of the 0.8 and 4 mg/ml NNO groups exhibited markedly decreased sperm concentration (［9.36 ± 0.98］ vs ［7.49 ± 1.46］ and ［6.30 ± 1.36］ ×10⁶/ml, P < 0.05) and viable sperm (［85.35 ± 9.16］% vs ［68.26 ± 16.63］% and ［65.88 ± 14.68］ %, P < 0.05), increased morphologically abnormal sperm (［8.30 ± 2.47］% vs ［13.99 ± 4.87］% and ［15.38 ± 8.86］ %, P < 0.05), and elevated rate of dead and resorbed fetuses (1.18% vs 6.89% and 7.37%, P < 0.05), blood nickel content (［0.13 ± 0.16］ vs ［0.52 ± 0.34］ and ［0.82 ± 0.44］ mg/L, P < 0.05) and semen nickel content (［0.08 ± 0.13］ vs ［0.35 ± 0.23］ and ［0.63 ± 0.61］ mg/L, P < 0.05). The nickel level in the semen was correlated significantly with that in the blood (r = 0.912, P <0.01), negatively with the rate of viable sperm (r = －0.879, P <0.01) and positively with the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm (r = －0.898, P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS Sixty-day exposure to nano-nickel oxide at 0.8 and 4 mg/ml can produce reproductive toxicity in male rats and result in fetal abnormality in the females, while that at 0.16 mg/ml has no significant toxic effect on the reproductive function of the males.

Objective To investigate the morphological variation of Oncomelania hupensis shells in Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the understanding of O. hupensis genetic evolution and control. Methods According to the O. hupensis density, geographical location, altitude, water system and environmental type, 12 administrative villages were sampled from 10 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts) in 3 prefectures (cities) of Yunnan Province as snail collection sites. From December 2021 to January 2022, about 200 snails were collected from each collection site, among which thirty adult snails (6 to 7 spirals) were randomly selected from each site, and the 11 morphological indexes of snail shells were measured and subjected to cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Results Of O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province, the longest shell (7.33 mm) was detected in snails from Yongle Village, Eryuan County, with the shortest (4.68 mm) in Dongyuan Village, Gucheng District, and the largest angle of apex (59.47°) was measured in snails from Caizhuang Village, Midu County, with the smallest (41.40°) in Qiandian Village, Eryuan County. The mean coefficient of variation was 9.075% among O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province, with the largest coefficient of variation seen in the thickness of the labra brim (29.809%). Among O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province, the mean Euclidean distance was 2.26, with the shortest Euclidean distance seen between O. hupensis snails from Qiandian Village of Eryuan County and Wuxing Village of Dali City (0.26), and the largest found between O. hupensis snails from Caizhuang Village of Midu County and Cangling Village of Chuxiong County (8.17). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis classified O. hupensis snails from 12 localities of Yunnan Province into three categories, including the O. hupensis snail samples from Caizhuang Village of Midu County, O. hupensis snail samples from Cangling Village of Chuxiong County, and O. hupensis snail samples from Qiandian Village of Eryuan County, Wuxing Village of Dali City, Yangwu Village of Yongsheng County, Xiaoqiao Village of Xiangyun County, Yongle Village of Eryuan County, Xiaocen Village of Dali City, Anding Village of Nanjian County, Dongyuan Village of Gucheng District, Lianyi Village of Heqing County, and Dianzhong Village of Weishan County. The variations in these three categories of snail samples were mainly measured in the principal component 2 related to the angle of apex and the thickness of the labra brim. Conclusions The variations in the Euclidean distance and morphological features of shells of O. hupensis from 12 localities of Yunnan Province gradually rise with the decrease in the latitude of the collection sites. The angle of apex is an indicator for the growth of O. hupensis whorl.