BACKGROUNDCleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are two of the most frequent congenital malformations. Many epidemiologic studies on this deformity have been conducted worldwide, often producing inconsistent results. This study assessed epidemiology and some genetic aspects of cleft lip and palate in a Chinese sample from the Smile Train Program and to compare with other methodologically sound surveys.

METHODSThe general information, family history, classification of cleft and associated malformations of 8000 CL and CP surgery patients were analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 8000 cases, 7812 had complete data. The distribution of cleft types is 17.04% with CP, 23.39% with CL and 59.58% with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Unilateral clefts were more common than bilateral, with unilateral to bilateral ratios being 10.4:1 for CL, and 3.42:1 for CLP. The overall male:female ratio was 2.01:1. Left sided defects were more common than right sided regardless of sex, 1.90:1 for CL and 1.96:1 for CLP. CLP and CL were more common in males than in females with sex ratios (SR) of 2.88:1 and 1.85:1 respectively, whereas CP was more common in females with SR of 0.76:1. Associated malformations (2.89%), involved 29 CP cases, 41 CL and 156 CLP. The frequency of associated malformations in CLP (3.35%) was higher than CL (2.24%) and CP (2.22%) (P < 0.05). Patients with CP or CLP were born less often in the winter than in the summer (P < 0.05). A history of family members having clefts occurred in 6.84% of patients. The proportion of CLP cases (7.56%) was significantly higher than that of CL cases (5.64%) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe different types of clefts appeared in the highest proportion in CLP and lowest proportion in CP. Males are more common with CL and CLP and less common with CP. These characteristics are the same as those of other Chinese surveys but different from some European reports.

China ; epidemiology ; Cleft Lip ; epidemiology ; genetics ; surgery ; Cleft Palate ; epidemiology ; genetics ; surgery ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of hyaluronate sodium (HS) for internal derangement of temporomandibular joint by means of systematic review on relevant randomized controlled trials.

METHODSAfter identifing the study question of the efficacy and safety of HS for internal derangement of temporomandibular joint, Medline, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, OPEN SIGLE and CBM were searched electronically till October 3rd 2010. Hand-searching covering 19 dental journals in Chinese were also performed. Risk of bias assessment, with Cochrane Collaboration's tool, and data extraction of included studies were conducted by two reviewers in duplicate. Meta analysis was done with Revman 5.0.23 and the quality of evidence was evaluated by GRADE.

RESULTS10 randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria and were included. All these studies had unclear risk of bias. When compared with negative control, HS showed a significant advantage on maximal mouth opening in short and long-term (P < 0.05), and clinical overall assessment in short-term (P < 0.05), but its effect on pain control and long-term effect on clinical overall assessment had no extra benefit (P > 0.05). Additionally, when compared with glucocorticoids, the participants who received HS injection would get a better clinical overall assessment in short-term and less adverse drug reactions (P < 0.05), but presented a similar temporomandibular joint pain relief and maximal mouth opening (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTo a certain extent, HS had good efficacy and better safety than controls when treating internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. However, as the quality of some included studies were limited, more randomized controlled trials are needed to reinforce the conclusion.

Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Temporomandibular Joint

OBJECTIVETo analyze the treatment outcome of the two methods of intra-capsular injection of temporomandibular joints, the upper capsule alone and both the upper and lower capsules, for different subtypes of temporomandibular disorders.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was designed, based on the outpatients and the data which were obtained from West China Stomatological Hospital, Sichuan University. SPSS10.0 software was used to analyze the data, which were collected before the operation and one week after the operation.

RESULTS294 patients were followed up. The group of double capsules injection gained better prospect, not only on the mouth-opening but also the pain-cured, especially in two subgroups such as the anterior dislocation of disc without reduction and the osteoarthritis of TMJ.

CONCLUSIONIt seems that the double capsules injection of sodium hyaluronate for TMD can gain better outcome than the upper capsule injection, but a clinical randomized controlled test and a long-term follow-up study of the two methods are needed to verify this finding.

Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; methods ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo determine the current status and influence factors of reporting quality of the Chinese meta-analysis on stomatology.

METHODSA comprehensive electronic search was carried out through Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and a hand searching was also performed through 19 stomatological journals in Chinese to identify meta-analysis on stomatology. Two reviewers took responsibility for study inclusion, data extraction and reporting quality assessment with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) in duplicate and any disagreement was resolved by discussion.

RESULTSA total of 34 meta-analysis on stomatology were eligible, most of them were on oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery, and mainly focusing on etiology, prevention and treatment of oral diseases. The number of the meta-analysis increased during recent years. Reporting quality of the meta-analysis was not high and the PRISMA scored (13.6 ± 4.2). The main factors that influenced the reporting quality of meta-analysis were published on evidence-based medicine journals (adjusted β = 0.53, t = 4.15, P < 0.001) and year of publication (adjusted β = -0.44, t = -3.28, P = 0.001). The sensitivity analysis showed that this outcome was stable.

CONCLUSIONSReporting quality of the Chinese meta-analysis on stomatology is low. To provide sufficient evidence to the clinicians and promote the development of evidence-based dentistry in China, experts on stomatology should study the knowledge of evidence-based medicine and comply with PRISMA statement when producing the meta-analysis.

China ; Evidence-Based Dentistry ; Humans ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Oral Medicine ; Publishing ; Quality Control ; Review Literature as Topic

OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy of 2% mepivacaine in conservative dentistry.

METHODSThe patients who needed cavity preparation or access to pulp chamber received local infiltration with 2% mepivacaine. Anesthesia time, anesthetic efficacy and cardiovascular system influences were assessed. 3% lidocaine with epinephrine served as control.

RESULTSIn experiment group, the anesthesia effects were quicker and anesthesia duration was longer than that in control group. Doctors highly appreciated the anesthetic efficacy. Two groups did not show any evident change in blood pressure and heart rate.

CONCLUSION2% mepivacaine is a safe and efficacious local anesthetic drug in conservative dentistry.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthesia, Dental ; Anesthetics, Local ; Dental Pulp ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mepivacaine ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders and to analyze their relation with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

METHODSSynovial fluid was obtained from 64 sides of 56 TMD patients and from 16 sides of 10 asymptomatic healthy volunteers (control). The concentrations of uPA and uPAR in the synovial fluid were measured by ELISA. Forty-eight sides of TMD were divided into 3 groups: arthrosis, structure disorder and osteoarthrosis, each including 16 sides.

RESULTSThe levels of uPA and uPAR were significantly higher in the synovial fluid of TMD patients than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the level of uPA and uPAR in osteoarthrosis group was significantly higher than that in arthrosis and structure disorder group (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in expression of uPA and uPAR between arthrosis and structure disorder groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSuPA and uPAR in the synovial fluid may play a role in the pathogenesis of TMD, and the level of uPA and uPAR in synovial fluid of TMD could be used as a biochemical markers to reflect pathological degree of TMD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism ; Synovial Fluid ; metabolism ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; metabolism ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo reveal malocclusion of primary dentition in the suburb of Chengdu.

METHODSCross-section survey and malocclusion rate calculation were performed.

RESULTSThere are 491 children with malocclusion from total 1 279 children; the rate of malocclusion is 38.38%. The most important malocclusion in primary dentition are over bite (III degrees), anterior cross bite, edge to edge bite, early loss of deciduous teeth, fused teeth.

CONCLUSIONThe rate of malocclusion of primary dentition in the suburb of Chengdu is a little bit light. Much work should be done to prevent or treat the malocclusion of primary dentition.

Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dental Occlusion ; Fused Teeth ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; epidemiology ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of combined determination of neutrophil CD64 and procalcitonin (PCT) in the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.

METHODSAccording to discharge diagnosis, 37 neonates with bacterial infection were divided into sepsis (n=15) and ordinary infection (non-sepsis) groups (n=22). Twenty-one neonates without infection who were hospitalized during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected immediately after admission. Flow cytometry was used to measure the serum level of neutrophil CD64. Chemiluminescence and immune transmission turbidimetry were used to measure the serum levels of PCT and CRP respectively.

RESULTSThe sepsis group had higher serum levels of neutrophil CD64, PCT, and CRP than the control group (P<0.01), the ordinary infection group had a higher serum level of neutrophil CD64 than the control group (P<0.01), and the sepsis group had higher serum levels of PCT and CRP than the ordinary infection group (P<0.01). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of neutrophil CD64, PCT, and CRP in diagnosing bacterial infection were 0.818, 0.818, and 0.704 respectively, and the AUC of combined neutrophil CD64 and PCT was 0.926. A combination of neutrophil CD64 and PCT had a sensitivity of 97.29% and an accuracy of 89.65% in the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.The sensitivity and accuracy were higher than those of a combination of CRP and neutrophil CD64 or PCT as well as neutrophil CD64, PCT, or CRP alone for the early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection.

CONCLUSIONSThe combined determination of neutrophil CD64 and PCT can improve the sensitivity and accuracy in the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infection, which helps with early identification of bacterial infection.

Bacterial Infections ; blood ; diagnosis ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Calcitonin ; blood ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neutrophils ; chemistry ; ROC Curve ; Receptors, IgG ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To study role of TLR4/NF-κB pathway for early change of synovial membrane in knee osteoarthritis rats. METHODS: Eighteen male SD rats weighted (200±20) g were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely control and model group, and 9 in each group. Knee OA model group was established by using modified Hulth method in model group. Control group was not treated. Synovial tissue and serum was extracted at 4 and 21 d after operation. Expression of CD14, TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α, ADAMTS-4, MMP-13 were detected by real-time PCR respectively. NF-κB p65 protein was detected by Western-blot; serum concentrations of haluronic acid (HA), N-propeptide of type III procollagen(PIIINP) was detected by Elisa. RESULTS: Expression of CD14, ADAMTS-4, and NF-κB p65 in model group were higher than that of control group at 4 and 21 days after operation, while expression of TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α and MMP-13 were higher than that of control group at 21 days after operation(<0.01). Concentration of PIIINP and HA in model group were higher than that of control group at 4 days after operation, while there was no significant difference at 21 days after operation. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB pathway could mediate occurrence of KOA by early activating and triggeringg synovial increasingly secreting inflammatory secretion CD14, TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α, ADAMTS-4, MMP-13, PIIINP and HA.
Animals ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Synovial Membrane ; Toll-Like Receptor 4

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics on the clustering nature of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in China.Methods Time and place distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009on the nature of clustering through data from Public Health Emergency Management Information System were described.Results As of August 10,2010,2773 pandemic (H1N1) 2009 clusters,a total of 77363 cases (including 20 deaths) were reported in the mainland of China.The most reported number of clusters was from schools and kindergartens with the total number of 2498 (accounted for 90.08％ of the total number).Middle schools appeared the have the most clusters (1223,accounting for 48.96％ ).The number of clusters reported in the southern provinces (cities) accounted for 77.03％ of the total,and was more than that in the northern provinces (cities).Two reported peaks in the southern provinces (cities) were in June and November,2009,respectively.There was only one reported peakin the northern provinces in September,2009.Conclusion Time and place distribution characteristics on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were similar to the seasonal influenza,but the beginning of winter peak was much earlier and intensity of reporting was much higher on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1 ) 2009 than that of seasonal influenza.