?AIM:To investigate the measurement of central anterior chamber depth ( ACD ) in patients with acute primary angle - closure glaucoma ( APACG ) with A - scan ultrasound, Pentacam and ultrasonic biological microscope ( UBM) .?METHODS: Thirty-five patients (35 eyes) with APACG were selected, of whom central ACD were measured with A-scan ultrasound, Pentacam and UBM.?RESULTS: The measurement values of ACD with A-scan ultrasound, UBM and Pentacam were 1. 5633±0. 2089, 1. 5783 ± 0. 2067, 1. 6275 ± 0. 2296mm, which was equal variance tested by the homogeneity of variance, and was significant different by multiple comparision (F=4. 074, P=0. 026). The difference of ACD between the two groups of A-scan ultrasound and UBM, A-scan ultrasound and Pentacam, UBM and Pentacam were statistically significant ( P = 0. 032, 0. 023, 0. 012 ). Altman- Bland analysis showed that the three methods were not consistent with each other.?CONCLUSION: The ACD value of the APACG with the three methods is the largest using Pentacam, followed by UBM and A - scan ultrasound. In clinical the three methods with different advantages can complement each other, but cannot be replaced. In order to obtain more accurate results, we should combine the advantage and make comprehensive analysis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of pinhole infection in the fractured lower limbs after external fixation.

METHODSThe case-control study was designed. From May 2009 to May 2014, the clinical data of 272 patients with lower limb fracture treated by external fixation device were collected. All the patients were divided into two groups according to post-operative pinhole infection. There were 29 cases in the case group including 23 males and 6 females. The age of patients in case group ranged from 25 to 77 years old,with the average age of (53.41 ± 12.77) years old. There were 243 cases in control group including 217 males and 26 females. The age of patients in the control group ranged from 27 to 78 years old, with the average age of (48.71 ± 11.87) years old. There were nine risk factors observed in our study including age, gender, fixed time by external fixation device, diabetes, time in bed, smoking, operation condition of other parts in the body, infection condition of other parts in the body.

RESULTSThe results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences among age (χ² = 15.708, P < 0.001), fixed time by external fixation device (χ² = 11.940, P < 0.001), severity of the lower limb fracture (χ² =15.438, P < 0.001), diabetes (χ² = 8.519, P = 0.004) and time in bed (χ² = 7.165, P = 0.007) between case group and control group. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of pinhole infection after fixed by external fixation device in the lower limb fracture were the advanced age (OR = 8.327, P < 0.001), fixed time by external fixation device (OR = 6.795, P < 0.001), diabetes (OR = 4.965, P = 0.001) and time in bed (OR = 4.864, P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONThe advanced age, long fixed time, diabetes and long time in bed could increase the risk of pinhole infection after external fixation in the lower limbs with fracture.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; External Fixators ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Risk Factors

AIM To explore the mechanism of amyloid β-protein fragment 25-35(Aβ25-35)-induced inflammation and apoptosis in rat hippocampus in vivo by studying mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and the protective effect of anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen. METHODS Rats were given ibuprofen (7.5 mg·kg-1 daily, ig) for 3 weeks prior to and 1 week after icv single dose of Aβ25-35 (10 μL, 1 mmol·L-1). Seven days after injection, Nissl staining and immunocytochemical technique were employed to determine the morphology of pyramidal neurons and astrocyte infiltration in hippocampal CA1. The expressions of IL-1β, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK, PKC, and caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed changes in IL-1β mRNA level. RESULTS Intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 elicited astrocyte activation and infiltration and caused a strong inflammatory reaction characterized by increased IL-1β production and elevated IL-1β mRNA level. The inflammatory reaction was accompanied by the loss of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was significantly increased, on the other hand, the phosphorylation of ERK was significantly reduced and these were coupled with the increase of caspase-3 expression in hippocampal CA1. Ibuprofen (7.5 mg·kg-1 daily, 4 weeks) significantly reduced Aβ-induced IL-1β expression, caspase-3 expression and p38 MAPK activation. The loss of pyramidal neurons was also significantly attenuated by treatment with ibuprofen. CONCLUSION The activation of p38 MAPK and the down-regulation of ERK play a pivotal role in the inflam-matory response and apoptosis evoked by Aβ25-35 in vivo, which can be prevented by ibuprofen.

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of the horn shaped fasciocutaneous flap for the middle or small defect of low leg.

METHODSBetween April 2008 and November 2010,12 cases were covered the defects with horn flap in the leg, in which 4 cases were male, and 8 cases were female, such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, angioneoplasm, trauma and so on. Surgical repair of tissue defect size of about 3 cm x 3 cm-5 cm x 5 cm.

RESULTSTwelve cases were treated. Vascular deficiency happened at the distal end of one flap. All the other 11 flaps survived. The appearance and functional results were satisfactory with following up for 6 to 24 months.

CONCLUSIONSThe horn shaped fasciocutaneous flap is simple, reliable, easy to perform, has a low complication rate, is cosmetically acceptable

Adult ; Fascia ; transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Culture medium and fermentation conditions for lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides were optimized with single factor and uniform design experiment. The best medium recipe was found with 70 g/L glucose, 0.1 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.75 g/L yeast extract, 1.5 g/L MgSO4. 7H2O, 0.4g/L KH2PO4, sterilized at 121 degrees C for 15 min, and then supplemented with ZnSO4 1.91 x 10(-6) mmol/L, CaCl2 1.50 mmol/L, MnCl2 1.22 x 10(-4) mmol/L and CuSO4 1.00 x 10(-4) mmol/L. The optimal fermentation conditions were as follows: 50 mL of medium (pH 6.0) in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 10% inoculum (28h) under orbital shaking at 200 r/min for 120h at 30 degrees C. Under these conditions, yeast biomass accumulated lipids up to 76.1%.
Basidiomycota ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Copper ; pharmacology ; Culture Media ; Fermentation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipids ; biosynthesis ; Magnesium Sulfate ; pharmacology ; Zinc ; pharmacology

Objective To understand the current situation of TCM human resources; To forecast the number of TCM human resources in 2020; To provide data for national scientific management policy. Methods Through Statistical Yearbook of China's Health and Family Planning and Yearbook of Chinese Traditional Medicine, the national human resources data of TCM were collected and compiled from 2010 to 2015, and descriptive analysis and gray model method were used for data analysis. Results The TCM human resources continued to grow, but the growth rate of Chinese pharmacists was slow; the lack of TCM human resources in TCM health institutions; the uneven distribution of human resources in inter-provincial TCM; the number of TCM human resources in 2020 could meet the requirements of TCM 13th Five-year Plan. Conclusion The development of Chinese pharmacists should be paid attention to; the proportion of TCM pharmacists should be balanced; the proportion of TCM human resources in TCM institutions should be improved; scientific planning and the coordinated development of TCM human resources in various regions should be promoted.

OBJECTIVEDetermination of estrone (E1) levels has a significant meaning in evaluating physiological effect and diagnosing some diseases. In order to detect free E1 in biological fluids, a monoclonal antibody specific for E1 was prepared after the complete antigen of E1 was synthesized. The purified monoclonal antibody was fully characterized for later immunoassay.

METHODS3-O-carboxymethyl ether derivative of E1 was synthesized and in turn coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form complete antigen E1-BSA. A monoclonal antibody (McAb) specific for E1 was produced both in vitro and in vivo by a hybridoma anti-E1. Anti-E1 was prepared by fusion of SP2/0 murine myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from immunized BALB/c mouse. The McAb was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. The specificity of the immunoassay was investigated by determining the cross-reactions of E1 analogs when free E1 was detected by competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA).

RESULTSAnalysis revealed that anti-E1 McAb (E1-McAb) was of the IgG1 type, the molecular weight of E1-McAb was 164,000 daltons. The affinity constant of E1-McAb with coated complete antigen was 8.2 x 10(8) L/mol. The linear range for free E1 determined by CI-ELISA was 10 pg/mL-10 ng/mL. The detection limit was 21.4 pg/mL (defined as twice the standard deviation of the blank).

CONCLUSIONThe CI-ELISA developed with E1-McAb was both sensitive and specific. The prepared E1-McAb can be used in some immunoassays.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Antibody Affinity ; Antibody Specificity ; Blotting, Western ; Cross Reactions ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Estrone ; immunology ; Female ; Hybridomas ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of using modified peroneal tendofascial compound flap with partial tendon of peroneal long muscle in lower leg refractory defect with Achilles tendon rupture.

METHODSBased on the application experience of peroneal tendofascial compound flap for lower leg refractory defects, partial tendon of peroneal long muscle was included in the flap to repair the Achilles tendon rupture.

RESULTS6 cases were treated. The maximum size of modified compound flap reached 5 cm x 5 cm. The maximal included tendon in the flap was 5 cm in length. All the flaps survived completely. Partial epidermis necrosis happened in one case between the skin graft at the donor site and the edge of the flap pedicle. The patients were followed up for 5 months to 2 years with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.

CONCLUSIONSThe modified compound flap has reliable blood supply and can be easily transposed, leaving less morbidity at the donor site. It is very suitable for lower leg refractory defect with the Achilles tendon rupture.

Achilles Tendon ; injuries ; Adult ; Aged ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leg Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps ; Tendon Injuries ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and therapeutic effect of thinned posterior tibial artery free perforator flap for the reconstruction of soft tissue defects at dorsum of hands.

METHODSSix fresh adult lower limbs specimens were injected with red latex via arterial cannula and dissected. The number, distribution, branches, and outer diameter of posterior tibia artery perforators were observed. Based on the anatomic study, the perforator flaps were designed to reconstruct soft tissue defects at dorsum of hands and wrists. The redundant fat on the flaps was removed, but preserving the nutrient vascular system. 11 flaps were used with the size ranging from 2 cm x 5 cm to 10 cm x 14 cm.

RESULTS43 skin perforators of posterior tibial artery were observed in six lower limbs, 29 perforators with the outer diameter is greater than 0.5 mm when they threading over the deep fascia plane, on average every 4.8 bundles of sides. The mean outside diameter of perforating artery is (1.8 +/- 0.5) mm, and the length is (44 +/- 15) mm. 6 perforators were founded both in the second and fifth zone which could be used for anastomosis for its better diameters. All flaps survived completely without any complication at donor sites. 7 cases were followed up for 3-12 months. Both satisfactory functional and cosmetic results were achieved with a soft and thinned appearance.

CONCLUSIONSThe thinned posterior tibial artery free perforator flap has a reliable blood supply and good appearance. It is very suitable for the reconstruction of small or medium-sized defects at the dorsum of hands and wrists.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; surgery ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perforator Flap ; blood supply ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tibial Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; transplantation ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze and optimize the gene rearrangement primers of different frame regions (FR) of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes by bioinformatic methods and explore the application of these primers in the detection of paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissues.

METHODSThree pairs of primers from IgH FR1, FR2 and FR3 regions (P1c, P2A and P31, respectively) were selected as the B cell gene rearrangement primers after comparison of the gene fragments in 44 IgH variable and 6 joining regions. Using one pair of T cell receptor (TCR) gamma primer as the T cell gene rearrangement primer, 101 histopathologically confirmed lymphoproliferative samples including 80 B cell lymphomas, 14 T cell lymphomas, and 7 reactive proliferative lymph nodes were examined by PCR for gene arrangement. The DNAs from DG75 and Jurkat cell lines were used as the positive controls for B and T cell lymphoma, respectively, with those from reactive proliferative lymph nodes as the negative control.

RESULTSThe positivity rates of IgH primers (P1c, P2A and P31) in the 80 B cell lymphomas were 37.5% (30/80), 52.5% (42/80) and 70.0% (56/80), respectively, and only one of the 14 T cell lymphoma cases was positive for the primers, suggesting significant differences in the detection rates of B cell lymphomas by the 3 primers. The detection rate was increased to 83.9% by combining the results by P31 and P2A primers. No positivity was found in the proliferative reaction tissues.

CONCLUSIONPrimers from IgH FR3 region genes are more sensitive than that from the FR1 and FR2 regions in the detection of gene rearrangement in paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissues. The detection rates can be increased by combining the results with the primers for IgH FR3 with that of FR2.

DNA Primers ; Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Paraffin Embedding