Objective To evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of traffic accidents on expressways in Shaanxi province. Methods A retrospective analysis was done on the original data of traffic accidents happened on the expressways of Xi'an-Tongchuan, Xi'an-Baoji and Xi'an-Weinan from 1994 to 1999. Results (1) Traffic accidents increased yearly. The traffic accident occurred more frequently in July, August and November, the mortality was high in August, November and December. The peak time of traffic accidents was at 6-8 am and 2-4 pm. (2) The traffic accidents caused by divers accounted for 64.3% (751/1 168). (3) Traffic accidents caused by divers with less than 5 years of driving accounted for 54.2% (633/1 168). (4) Peccancy in the children less than 15 years old on the expressways caused the highest death rate in such group of people. (5) Traffic accidents involved in the truck accounted for 36.3% (776/2 136). (6) Traffic accidents occurred in the fine weather accounted for 64.0% (748/1 168). Conclusions The key to reducing the traffic accidents on the expressways is to take an active and useful measure upon factors such as people, vehicles, roads, surroundings and management.

Many kinds of pathological irritations often make local-tissue face environmental hypoxia.These changes were messaged by increased accumulation of extracellular adenosine through their receptors.There are different roles for the four subtypes of adenosine receptors designated A1、A2a、A2b andA3.This review covers the effects of adenosine A1 receptors in different systems,such as protective effects on cells,improving immune response,regulation of blood pressure and glucose homeostasis.

Aim To study molecular mechanisms of the effects of paeoniflorin on increasing expression of erythropoietin.Method RT-PCR and Western blot were used the investigate the influences of paeoniflorin,PI-3 kinase inhibitor (LY294002 30 ?mol?L-1),antagonist of adenosine A1 receptors(DPCPX 10 ?mol?L-1),agonist of A1 receptors(CPA 1 ?mol?L-1) and antagonist of adenosine A2a receptors(SCH58261 0.2 ?mol?L-1) on expression of erythropoietin in hypoxia and normoxia.Results Paeoniflorin decreases the expressions of erythropoietin in normoxia.However, paeoniflorin(2 ?mol?L-1) significantly increases the expression of erythropoietin mRNA after exposure to hypoxia environment from 8 to 24 hours in HepG2 cells.And this phenomenon is inhibited by LY294002,DPCPX and SCH58261.Conclusion Paeoniflorin increases erythropoietin mRNA levels by activating PI-3 kinase pathway through adenosine A1 and A2a receptors.

Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome

The purpose of this study is to prepare T7 and TAT dual modified liposomes (T7-TAT-LIP) to penetrate through blood brain barrier and target to brain tumor cells. The liposomes were prepared with CFPE, T7 modified PEG-DSPE, TAT modified PEG-DSPE, soybean phospholipid, PEG-DSPE and cholesterol. The CFPE was used to track the cellular uptake efficiency. The density of T7 and TAT and the length of PEG were optimized, and then the liposomes were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology and stability. Afterwards, the cellular uptake by bEnd.3 and C6 cells were evaluated. The results showed that the optimized parameters were 6% of T7, 0.5% of TAT, the molecular weight of PEG for T7 was 2000 and the molecular weight of PEG for TAT was 1000. After optimization, the particle size of T7-TAT-LIP was 118 nm, the zeta potential was -6.32 mV and the particles were spherical. The turbidity and particle size of liposomes were not obviously changed after 24 h incubation in PBS at 37 °C. The particle size and polydispersity index were also stable during 1 month incubation at 4-8 °C. The cellular uptake by both bEnd.3 and C6 cells of T7-TAT-LIP was higher than that of T7 or TAT modified liposomes, suggesting dual modified liposomes possessed better blood brain barrier targeting ability and brain tumor targeting ability than the single ligand modified liposomes.

Purpose:To evaluate the effects of intraoperative radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma gastric cardia.Meth- ods:From Jan.1992 to Dec.2000 a trial on intraoperative radiotherapy for AGC was carried out in 38 patients.Whose age was younger than 75 years,at least on semiliquid diet and no contraindication of surgery.6MV or 9MV-E photon was used for the intraoperative radiation therapy to the cardia,lower segment of the esophagus,fundus,lesser curvature and hepato- gastric ligament.Results:Average follow up 65 months.The 5 year survival rates were 39.4%.Conclusions:Intraoperative radiation therapy is able to improve the results of surgery for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia.

BACKGROUND:Cytokines secreted from neurons and glial cel s in early stage of spinal cord injury probably are essential factors for inducing secondary immunologic injury.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 on inflammatory reaction after acute spinal cord injury.
METHODS:A total of 75 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and the spinal cord injury groups:1, 6, 24 and 72 hours. A rat model of incomplete spinal cord injury was established by the modified Al en weight drop method. The control group just underwent laminectomy. Injured spinal cord and spleen tissues were col ected at corresponding time points after model induction. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the distribution and expressions of interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in spinal cord tissue. Western blot assay was utilized to detect the changes in p-STAT3 expression in injured spinal cord. RT-PCR was applied to measure the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 in the spleen.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression levels of p-STAT3, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17 were significantly higher in the spinal cord injury groups than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of inflammatory cytokines increased immediately after injury. Interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 levels peaked at 6 hours, and then decreased. p-STAT3 and interleukin-17 levels peaked at 24 hours, and then decreased. The expression was stil higher at 72 hours than that in the control group. Results suggested that the expression of p-STAT3-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 in early stage increased. Inflammatory cascade would enlarge in the injured area, which probably induced secondary spinal cord injury and increased interleukin-17 levels. These possibly played a key role in secondary inflammatory reaction.

This study was aimed to observe four kinds of kidney-tonification medicine, which were Epimedium, pso-ralen, Ligustrum lucidum, Polygonum with the active ingredient of icariin, psoralen, oleanolic acid, stilbene glucoside and their orthogonal compatibility. There were two kinds of non-kidney tonification medicine, which were Chuanx-iong and astragalus with the active ingredient of TMP and astragaloside. The observation was made on the regulatory role of rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). A total of 65 SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, positive transformed control group, kidney-tonification compatibility group (including Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, Group 8, and Group 9), non-kidney tonification medicine control group (in-cluding TMP group and astragaloside group). Intragastric administration of medication was given to the kidney-tonifi-cation compatibility group and the non-kidney tonification medicine control group, once a day for 3 consecutive days. Intragastric administration of equal amount of normal saline was given to the normal control group and the posi-tive transformed control group. On the third day of intragastric administration, rats in each group were sacrificed. Serum containing medication was used in the culture of BMSCs for 6, 12, or 18 days. ELISA method was used to quantitatively detect the expression activity and content of BMP2 on the 6th, 12th, or 18th day, in order to evaluate the degree of bone cell differentiation degree. Real-time quantitative PCR method was used for detection of expression of Bmp2, Smad1, Smad4 mRNA in serum containing medication in the culture of BMSCs on the 18th day. The results showed that the kidney-tonification compatibility can improve the expression activity and content of BMP2 culture in vitro, with the peak on the 12th day. The kidney-tonification compatibility groups can upregulate expressions of Bmp2, Smad1, Smad4 mRNA. It was concluded that the active ingredient compatibility of kidney-tonification medicine can promote BMSCs. Its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of expression of Bmp2, Smad1, Smad4 mRNA, and the activity and content of Bmp2.

Objective To evaluate the impacts of the essential medicine system in Jiangsu Province on rational drug use in community health service centers.Methods 7667 outpatient prescriptions from 6 community health service centers in Nantong were selected by cluster sampling from January 2009 to December 2011,the part of SDUIs(Selected Drug Use Indicators)developed by WHO and the self-design indicators were employed to analyze rational use of drugs.Results After implementation of the essential medicine system,the average types of drugs per prescription decreased from 3.02 to 2.74,the rate of antibiotic drugs usage dropped from 61.43％ to 51.2％,the rate of one antibiotic usage reduced from 33.94％to 28.58％,and two types from 20.43％to 15.8％,all with significant differences(P＜0.001).The average expenses in single prescription arose from RMB 69.70 to 87.28,the rate of essential medicine usage increased from 81.22％to 85.60％,the injection utilization decreased from 31.14％ to 14.13％,while TCM utilization ascended from 16.17％to 21.8％,all with significant differences(P＜0.001).Condusion The essential medicine systems has positive impacts on rational drug use,but the expenses of per prescription are higher,and irrational antibiotic drugs are still a serious problem.

Among 172 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD),94 received community and hospital joint management (joint group) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for Ⅰ year and 78 received community-based health education only (control group) after PCI.The compliance of medication,readmission rate,times of hospitalization,medical costs,major adverse cardiac events (MACE),and general quality of life inventory (CQOLI-74),self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores were compared between two groups.The rate of readmission,times of hospitalization,medical costs,the sores of SAS and SDS in joint group were lower than those in control group(P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).The compliance of medication,body health dimension,psychological health dimension and social function dimension in joint group were better than those in control group,but there were no differences in material life dimension and the MACE rate between two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Community and hospital joint management can reduce the readmission rate and medical burden,and improve quality of life for elderly CAD patients after PCI.