Trisomy 18, called Edward syndrome, occurs in about 3500-8000 births. It is much more common at conception, with about 95% of cases resulting in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. Postnatal survival is poor, with the majority of patients dying in early infancy. Characteristic findings include cardiac malformations, mental retardation, growth retardation, a prominent occiput, micrognathia, clenched hands, and rocker-bottom feet, omphalocele. The prenatal sonographic findings of our case include delayed growth, omphalocele, wrist joint fixation, choroid plexus cyst, hydramnios and postnatal gross findings include growth retardation, omphalocele, wirst joint fixation, absence of radius, syndactyly, focal absence of phalanges and flexion deformities of fingers and toes. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed Edward syndrome, which is confirmed by chromosome analysis, with brief review of related literatures.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Choroid Plexus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fingers ; Foot ; Hand ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Joints ; Parturition ; Polyhydramnios ; Pregnancy ; Radius ; Stillbirth ; Syndactyly ; Toes ; Trisomy ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Wrist Joint

OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages between total vaginal hysterectomy (VTH) and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) including the indications and safety. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent VTH from July 1998 to December 1999 and those who underwent LAVH from January 2000 to April 2002. We evaluated age, parity, previous abdominal operations, indications for hysterectomy, combined operations, operation time, bleeding amount, hemoglobin change, weight of uterus, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: 1. Age was not a notable factor but parity was significantly lower in LAVH group. 2. In VTH group, 48% of patients had previous operations compared with 46% in LAVH group. 3. The most common indication for hysterectomy of both group was uterine myoma. 4. The weight of hysterectomized specimen was 256 g in VTH group and 237 g in LAVH group. 5. In VTH group, 38% received concurrent surgical procedures of which colporrhaphy was the most common (14 cases). In LAVH group, 72.5% received concurrent surgical procedures of which salpingoo- phorectomy was most common. 6. The operation time showed a notable difference; 78.6 min. in VTH group and 105.4 min. in LAVH. 7. There was no significant difference in bleeding amount and hemoglobin change. 8. Postoperative complication was higher in VTH group (14%) than LAVH group (7.5%). However all the patients recovered with conservative treatment and close observation. CONCLUSION: Both VTH and LAVH had the following advantages compared with abdominal hysterectomy: less pain, shorter hospital stay, cosmetic advantages, lower prevalence. In this study we found out that in VTH, the procedure could be done safely even if the uterus was big or with previous abdominal operations. Limited operation field and the fact that we couldn't check the abdominal cavity were some disadvantages. In comparison, LAVH offered a view of the abdominal cavity which make easy adnexal operation but because of expensive operative tools, cost was a problem. In order to satisfy the patient and lower the cost, appropriate study on the indications and training on procedures will be necessary.
Abdominal Cavity ; Bleeding Time ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal ; Leiomyoma ; Length of Stay ; Medical Records ; Parity ; Postoperative Complications ; Prevalence ; Uterine Prolapse* ; Uterus