OBJECTIVE To acquaint pathogen distribution of infection and present drug-resistance conditions of the commonly encountered pathogens.METHODS The statistics of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all the clinical isolates from Jan to Nov 2006 in our hospital was condncted.RESULTS Totally 1850 bacteria strains were isolated.From them 620(33.51%) were Gram-positive bacteria,1230(66.49%) were Gram-negative bacteria,25.8% of which were Escherichia coli,8.1% of which were Staphylococcus epidermidis,7.5% were Klebsiella pneumonice and 7.2% were MSSA;Statistics of drug sensibility test suggested,Gram-positive cocci isolated from the clinical issue be highly sensitive to vancomycin,teicoplanin and nitrofurantoin.They were still sensitive to rifampicin.and lower sensitive to other antibiotics.Gram-negatives were high sensitive to imipenem.They were still sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam and the third-generation cephalosporins.CONCLUSIONS The drug resistance of the isolates is severe.It is suggested that there be ungent need for surveillance of bacterial resistance and rational use of antimicrobial agents be emphasized during clinical therapy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects on serum homocysteine(Hcy) level,vascular function and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) in metformin-treated diabetic patients with or without supplementation with folate and Vitamin B12.MethodsA total of 100 newly diagnosed diabetic type 2patients were divided into two groups by random digits table with 50 cases each,90 patients completed study.Forty-seven participants (control group) received a 6-month course of metformin treatment,43 patients (treatment group) received mefformin,folate and Vitamin B12 treatment.The levels of serum Hcy,endothelin-1 (ET-1),carotid IMT,large or small arterial elasticity index (C1,C2),flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery were evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsThe level of serum Hcy in control group significantly increased compared with before treatment[ (13.4 ± 2.7)μ mol/L vs.(11.1 ± 1.9)μ mol/L],hut the level of serum Hcy in treatment group significantly decreased compared with before treatment [ (9.2 ± 1.8 ) μ mol/L vs. ( 11.3 ± 2.0) μ mol/L ],there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).A beneficial effect was observed in the serum ET-1,FMD,carotid IMT and C2 in treatment group[ (20.0 ± 6.2)ng/L,( 15.8 ± 7.6)％,(0.8 ± 0.2) mm,(4.1 ± 2.1 ) ml/mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) × 100 vs. (31.3 ±10.1 ) ng/L,(9.7 ± 4.5)％,( 1.1 ± 0.4) mm,(2.3 ± 1.0) ml/mm Hg × 100 ] (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of ET-1,FMD,carotid IMT and C2 after treatment in control group [ (24.8 ± 6.8) ng/L,( 12.9 ± 6.3 )％,(0.9 ± 0.3)mm,(3.0 ± 1.4) ml/mm Hg × 100] had significant difference compared with before treatment [ (30.6 ± 8.7)ng/L,(9.8 ± 4.6)％,( 1.0 ± 0.3) mm,(2.2 ± 0.9) ml/mm Hg × 100](P＜ 0.05).However,the results were improved significantly in treatment group than those in control group (P ＜0.05).In treatment group,significant correlation were detected between changes of Hcy and ET- 1 (r =0.43,P ＜ 0.05 ),carotid IMT(r =0.56,P ＜ 0.05),FMD (r =-0.54,P ＜ 0.05 ),C2 (r =-0.37,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsAdministration of folate and Vitamin B12 can reduce the levels of serum Hcy and ET-1 in metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients,which exert beneficial effect on carotid IMT,FMD and C2.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) have moderating effect on the renewal and differentiation of cancer stem cels. However, there is no complete understanding on the effect of microRNA-17-92 gene on gastric cancer stem cel renewal and proliferation.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of miRNA-17-92 in promoting self-renewal and proliferation of gastric cancer stem cels.
METHODS:(1) The gradualy reduced miRNAs during gastric cancer stem cel self-renewal were investigated using miRNA array based on RNAs from differentiated and adherent cels. (2) The miRNA-17-92 was constructed and transfected to gastric cancer stem cels. (3) The effects of miRNA-17-92 on the self-renewal of gastric cancer stem cels were studied by tumor sphere assayin vitro. (4) The effects of miRNA-17-92 on the proliferation of gastric cancer stem cels were investigated by MTT assay and colony formation assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) miR-19b/20a/92a expression gradualy reduced in the adhesion and differentiation of gastric cancer stem cels. (2) The expression of lentivirus carrying miRNA-17-19 gene in MKN28 cels and CD44-/EpCAM- cels were significantly increased; transient transfection of pre-miR-19b/20a/92a increased the expression of CD44-/EpCAM- and MKN28 miRNA, transient transfection of pre-miR-19b/20a/92a antagonists reduced the expression of SGC7901 and CD44+/EpCAM+ miRNA; overexpression of lenti-miR-19b/20a/92a significantly increased the ability of gastric cels to form tumor spheres; chemotherapy drugs prolonged the survival time of lenti-miR-19b/20a/92a-infected cels; transient transfection of pre-miR-19b/20a/92a significantly increased the number of CD44+/EpCAM+ cels, but transfection of pre-miR-19b/20a/92a antagonist reduced the number of CD44+/EpCAM+ cels. (3) MTT proliferation assay showed that gastric cancer cel proliferation rate in miR-19b/20a/92a stably expressing group was faster than that in the control group. Transient transfection of miR-19b/20a/92a precursor accelerated the growth rate of gastric cancer cels, and transient transfection of its antagonist slowed down the growth rate of gastric cancer cels. Colony formation assay showed that transient transfection of miR-19b/20a/92a precursor significantly increased the colony formation number as compared with the control group; transient transfection of miR-19b/20a/92a antagonist reduced the colony formation as compared with the control group. These findings indicate that miR-19b/20a/92a gene presents with continuous deletion in gastric cancer stem cel differentiation process, and miRNA-17-92 gene can promote the renewal and proliferation of gastric cancer stem cels.

Objective To investigate the impact of experimental stress on serum glucose , insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and ep-inephrine in diabetic rats and its intervention with insulin and fluoxetine .Methods Type 2 diabetic rats model was induced by feeding with high sugar and high fat diet , and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ).The rats were divided into normal group , dia-betic control group , diabetic treated with insulin , and diabetic treated with fluoxetine .All the rats were exposed to multiple stressors (forced swimming, cold stimulation, rotation, restrain, and crowding) for 8 weeks.The rat blood sera collected from each group were analyzed with multiple parameters including glucose , insulin, glucagon, cortisol, and epinephrine at the 4th and 8th week.Results After experimental stress, the levels of glucose [(16.7 ±3.5)mmol/L vs (5.1 ±1.1)mmol/L, t =13.9, P <0.01], glucagon [(158.5 ±50.2)ng/L vs (120.8 ±38.7)ng/L, t =2.5, P <0.05], epinephrine [(203.8 ±48.6)pg/ml vs (158.7 ±42.6)pg/ml, t =2.9, P <0.01], cortisol [(21.3 ±4.8)ng/ml vs (18.2 ±3.8)ng/ml, t =2.1, P <0.05], and HOMA-IR (10.9 ±2.6 vs 3.3 ±0.8 , t =12.3 , P <0.01 ) of diabetic rats were significantly increased .The glucose level [ ( 9.7 ±2.1 ) mmol/L vs ( 16.7 ± 3.5)mmol/L, t =7.0, P <0.01] was significantly improved after treated with insulin .The levels of epinephrine [(158.8 ±37.5 ) pg/ml vs (203.8 ±48.6)pg/ml, t =3.0, P <0.01], and cortisol [(15.7 ±4.2)ng/ml vs (21.3 ±4.8)ng/ml, t =3.5, P <0.01 ] were significantly improved after treated with fluoxetine .Conclusions Experimental stress increased the levels of glucose , en-docrine hormone , and insulin resistance of diabetic rats .Treatment with insulin improved the glucose level and treatment of fluoxetine improved the endocrine hormone level .

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical efficacy of retrograde puncture subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for treatment of occlusive diseases in the long segment of the infrapopliteal artery.

METHODSThe clinical data of 50 patients with occlusive diseases in the long segment of the infrapopliteal artery were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into control group (n=25) and study group (n=25) and received antegrade SIA and retrograde puncture SIA with long balloon after the failed antegrade SIA, respectively. The ankle brachial index (ABI) and the temperature of the infrapopliteal skin before and after the operation were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe technical success rate was 100% in the 50 patients, who showed obviously improved ischemic symptoms without serious complications. The ABI of the study group increased from 0.31 ± 0.12 before the treatment to 0.47 ± 0.09 at 24 h, 0.56 ± 0.06 at 1 week, 0.63 ± 0.07 at 3 months, 0.58 ± 0.06 at 6 months, and 0.49 ± 0.03 at 12 months after the treatment, and the skin temperature increased from 28.13 ± 2.45 before the operation to 33.87 ± 1.24, 34.16 ± 0.44, 34.19 ± 0.25, 32.45 ± 0.25, and 31.05 ± 0.21 at the corresponding time points after the treatment, respectively, showing significant improvements after the operation (P<0.05). ABI, skin temperature and the patency rate were similar between the two groups at each of the postoperative time points (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONRetrograde puncture SIA is safe and effective for treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans in the infrapopliteal arteries with a high clinical success rate and a low complication rate after the failure of antegrade SIA.

Angioplasty ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; surgery ; Femoral Artery ; pathology ; Humans ; Popliteal Artery ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) proteins are overexpressed in a high proportion of gastric cancer (GC) cases and affect the maintenance of cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations, which are used as targets for the clinical treatment of patients with HER2-positive GC. Despite improvements in survival, numerous HER2-positive patients fail treatment with trastuzumab, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. In this study, we generated a novel type of genetically modified human T cells, expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and targeting the GC cell antigen HER2, which harbors the CD137 and CD3ζ moieties. Our findings show that the expanded CAR-T cells, expressing an increased central memory phenotype, were activated by the specific recognition of HER2 antigens in an MHC-independent manner, and effectively killed patient-derived HER2-positive GC cells. In HER2-positive xenograft tumors, CAR-T cells exhibited considerably enhanced tumor inhibition ability, long-term survival, and homing to targets, compared with those of non-transduced T cells. The sphere-forming ability and in vivo tumorigenicity of patient-derived gastric cancer stem-like cells, expressing HER2 and the CD44 protein, were also inhibited. Our results support the future development and clinical application of this adoptive immunotherapy in patients with HER2-positive advanced GC.
Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasms, Experimental ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; immunology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; therapy ; Tumor Cells, Cultured