Mass cytometry is an emerging technology. Metal isotope tags are used to replace fluorescent tags, and are quantified by mass spectrometry. It combined mass spectrometry with flow cytometry, which could simultaneously measure various parameters without compensation and greatly improve the ability to evaluate complex cellular systems and processes. Its characteristics of high throughput, high sensitivity and high stability are especially suitable for the study in immunity, tumor, blood, medicine and genetics, etc.

A lack of effective drugs and technical means to eradicate hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a bottleneck that limits the ability to fully cure HBV infection. Recently, genome-editing technology based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats -associated protein 9 is an emerging technique for editing specific gene loci, which can specifically target HBV covalently closed circular DNA, effectively inhibits HBV DNA replication and regulates HBV functional protein expression, and is expected to become a powerful gene therapy tool for the complete eradication of HBV. Considering this, it has become the focus of attention for scholars at home and abroad that how to use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats -associated protein 9 to accomplish modification of HBV genomes for complete eradication of HBV. This paper summarizes the latest progress based on the latest research results at home and abroad in the application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats -associated protein 9 gene editing technology in anti-HBV infection treatment, and expounds its potential and challenges as a radical cure for HBV infection.

By using R language to deal with practical problems,we introduce two methods of obtaining time related receiver operation characteristic [ROC(t)] curves from survival data:1) nearestneighbor estimator of bivariate distribution (NNE) estimation:to obtain cumulative/dynamic ROCC/D(t) curves;2) Cox estimation:to obtain incident/dynamic ROCI/D (t) curves.The areas under the ROC(t) curves (AUC) obtained from the two methods fluctuate over time.The one obtained through NNE has bigger fluctuation than that obtained through Cox,while the mean of AUC of the two methods are similar.Time related ROC (t) can be effectively used to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of the marker in clinical trials,and help to select the best diagnostic time of the marker.According to the different scientific interests,researchers should select relevant methods for more accurate evaluation.

Objective ToexplorethevalueofMRIindifferentiatingbetweenmass-formingchronicpancreatitis(MFCP)andpancreatic carcinoma(PC).Methods MRIdataof19caseswith MFCP,36caseswithPCand30normalcontrolcasesconfirmedbypathology orfollow-upwereanalyzedretrospectively.AllofthesubjectsunderwentroutineMRIandDWIscan.MRIcharacteristicsofdiseases andnormalpancreaswereanalyzed,andADCvalueswerecomparedamongthethreegroups.Results TheaverageADCvalueofthe MFCPgroupwas(1.41±0.25)×10-3 mm2/s,higherthanthatofthePCgroup (1.13±0.11)×10-3 mm2/s(P<0.05),andlower thanthatofthenormalcontrolgroup(1.50±0.27)×10-3 mm2/s(P<0.05).IntheT2WI,enhancedscanningarterialphase,andenhanced scanningportalphase,thesignalcharacteristicsofthelesionswerestatisticallydifferentbetweentheMFCPandPCgroup (P<0.05).The sensitivityandspecificityofthecombinationT2WI,enhancedarterialimagingandADCvaluewere86.9%and88.9%indifferentiatingMFCPand PC,whichwasbetterthananysinglemethod.Conclusion MRImulti-sequencecombinationisoneoftheeffectivemethodsforidentifyingPCand MFCP,andhasreferencevalueforclinicaldiagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in the prevention of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with liver failure treated with glucocorticoids (GC).Methods:The study was an observational study. Patients with early and middle stages of liver failure hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, who received GC treatment between February 2016 and February 2022 were included. The patients were divided into trial group (with posaconazole suspension (200 mg each time, three times daily)) and control group (without posaconazole) according to whether posaconazole was used during treatment. Two groups of patients were matched of 1∶2 ratio according to age, gender and baseline model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. The basic information, laboratory examination results, adverse reactions of posaconazole, incidence of invasive Aspergillus infection and therapeutic effect of patients were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors for IPA, the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the risk factors, Kaplan-Meier survival curves was used to analyze patient′s survival, and Log-rank test was used to compare the survival rates between the trial group and control group. Results:A total of 108 patients (36 in trial group and 72 in control group) were enrolled. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of the etiology of liver diseases, baseline laboratory findings and risk factors for invasive Aspergillus infection (all P>0.05). There were 21 cases of IPA during hospitalization, with a total infection rate of 19.4%(21/108), including 5.6%(2/36) in the trial group and 26.4%(19/72) in the control group. The difference of IPA incidences between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=6.65, P=0.010). Logistic regression analysis suggested that elevated C-reactive protein, GC application more than seven days and cumulative dose of GC were independent risk factors for IPA in patients with liver failure treated with GC (odds ratio ( OR)=1.080, 15.266, 1.004, respectively, all P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the cut-off value of C-reactive protein was 6.00 mg/L, and cumulative dose of GC was 490 mg. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in terms of adverse effects such as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal bleeding, nausea and vomiting rates (all P>0.05), and there were no patients with visual disturbances or discontinuation of medication. Cumulative deaths were 20(18.5%), and 88(81.5%) patients survived in this study. There were 11(52.4%) deaths among 21 patients with IPA and nine (10.3%) deaths among 87 patients without IPA. The difference of survival rates between patients who developed and did not develop IPA was statistically significant ( χ2=21.31, P<0.001). Conclusions:Posaconazole may be helpful in reducing the incidence of concurrent IPA morbidity in patients with liver failure treated with GC, thereby improving survival rates with few adverse effects.

Objective:To establish high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) wavelength switching method to simultaneously determine the contents of chlorogenic acid, hydroxysafflor yellow A, ferulic acid, Nicotiflorin, Osthole and columbianadin in Tongluo Zhibi Prescription.Methods:The column was XBridge C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); the mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphate water (B); gradient eluted, with flow rate: 1 ml/min, column temperature: 30 °C, detection wavelength 330 nm (0-14 min detection of chlorogenic acid, 15-80 min detection of ferulic acid, Nicotiflorin, Osthole, and columbianadin), 403 nm (14-15 min detection of hydroxysafflower yellow pigment A).Results:Chlorogenic acid, hydroxyrhodopsin A, ferulic acid, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, serpentin, and dihydroeurobicarpus angelicus acid ester showed good linearity ( R2 ≥ 0.999 8) within 0.029 7-1.485 0, 0.030 0-1.500 0, 0.009 9-0.495 0, 0.017 5-0.875 0, 0.028 4-1.420 0, 0.013 7-0.685 0 μg, respectively. The precision, stability (24 h), repeatability relative standard deviation ( RSD) were all <2%. The average spiked recoveries were all in the range of 95%-105%, and the RSDs were all in the range of 0.32%-1.67%. In 10 batches of test samples of Tongluo Zhibi Prescription, the content of the above six components, including chlorogenic acid, was determined to be 0.221 60, 0.314 30, 0.085 10, 0.032 95, 0.043 87, 0.026 21 mg/g in the following order. Conclusion:The established HPLC wavelength switching method is fast, simple and accurate, which can be used for simultaneous determination of the content of the above six components in Tongluo Zhibi Prescription, which provides reference for quality monitoring and new dosage form research of Tongluo Zhibi Prescription.

Objective To analyze risk factors of acute respiratory failure(ARF)in patients with hypertriglyceridemia acute pancreatitis(HTG-AP)and construct a risk prediction model.Methods A total of 222 HTG-AP patients were included in this study and divided into the non-ARF group(176 cases)and the ARF group(46 cases)according to diagnostic guidelines for ARF.Clinical data of the two groups were compared and the predictive factors were screened.These selected factors were then utilized in a multivariate Logistic regression analysis to construct a Logistic regression model.Subsequent evaluation of the model′s predictive ability,accuracy and clinical utility was conducted through ROC,curve analysis,calibration plot examination and decision curve analysis(DCA),respectively.Results Compared with the non-ARF group,the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL)-C and albumin(ALB)were decreased in the ARF group(P＜0.05),while the levels of creatinine(Cr),urea nitrogen(BUN),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and C-reactive protein(CRP)were increased,and the incidence of pleural fluid and ascites was also increased(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of Cr and AST,lower levels of ALB,HDL-C and ascites were independent risk factors for HTG-AP complicated ARF(P＜0.05).Based on these results,a column-line prediction model for HTG-AP complicated ARF was established.After internal verification,the area under curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of the nomogram model was 0.952(95%CI:0.923-0.981),the Youden index was 0.808 and the sensitivity and specificity were 93.33%and 87.43%,respectively.The calibration curve showed that the probability of HTG-AP concurrent ARF predicted by the model was in good agreement with the actual probability.The DCA curve showed that the model had certain clinical value.Conclusion The nomogram prediction model combined could provide a scheme for the clinical prevention of HTG-AP complicated with ARF.

Objective To observe the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on hippocampal tissue structure and blood perfusion in rats with focal cerebral ischemia using multi-modal MRI;To analyze the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on hippocampal neuroplasticity combined with the expression changes of neuroplasticity proteins and glucose metabolism related transporters.Methods Focal cerebral ischemia rat model induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion were established.The rats were divided into sham-operation group,sham-operation+Buyang Huanwu Decoction group,model group and model+Buyang Huanwu Decoction group.The rats in the sham-operation group and model group were given normal saline for 30 days,and those in the sham-operation+Buyang Huanwu Decoction group and model+Buyang Huanwu Decoction group were given Buyang Huanwu Decoction for 30 days.T2 mapping imaging was used to detect the changes in hippocampal tissue structure,the changes of cerebral blood perfusion in hippocampus were detected by arterial spin labeling imaging,Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of SYN,GAP-43,glucose transporters and MCT.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the T2 relaxation time of the right and left hippocampus in the model group rats significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001),the blood flow in the right hippocampus was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the protein expressions of SYN,GAP-43,MCT4 and MCT2 in the right hippocampus were significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.001),the protein expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in bilateral hippocappal tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001).Compared with the model group,the T2 relaxation time in the right hippocampus of rats in model+Buyang Huanwu Decoction group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the blood flow in the right hippocampus significantly increased(P<0.05),the protein expressions of SYN,GAP-43,GLUT1 and GLUT3 in bilateral hippocampal tissues significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001),and the protein expressions of MCT4 and MCT2 in right hippocampal tissue significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001).Conclusion Buyang Huanwu Decoction can alleviate hippocampal injury in rats with focal cerebral ischemia,which may be related to improving blood perfusion,up-regulating neuroplasticity-related proteins,promoting hippocampal axon regeneration and synaptic remodeling,regulating energy metabolism of nerve cells.

This article focuses on a case study of sitosterolemia in a child who initially presented with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive lipid metabolism disorder, difficult to diagnose due to its non-typical clinical manifestations. The 8-year-old patient was initially misdiagnosed with pyruvate kinase deficiency. Comprehensive biochemical and molecular biology analyses, including gene sequencing, eventually led to the correct diagnosis of sitosterolemia. This case highlights the complexity and diagnostic challenges of sitosterolemia, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and accurate diagnosis in patients presenting with similar symptoms.

Central nervous system （CNS） is a sophisticated system subject to complex regulation， which dominates the high-level neural activities of the human body. Due to its complex physiological structure and refined regulatory mechanism covering a variety of diseases， CNS is the place where many chronic， refractory and rare diseases occur. Nerve cell is the basic unit of CNS， and its dysfunction and death is the root cause of CNS diseases. Ferroptosis is a new form of programmed cell death proposed in recent years， and has been proved to be closely related to the production and development of multiple CNS diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， including Chinese herbs， acupuncture and moxibustion， and massage， has shown unique advantages in the treatment of CNS diseases for a long time. A large number of studies have demonstrated that TCM participates in the regulation of CNS diseases via regulating ferroptosis and shows a good research prospect. This paper summarized the characteristics of ferroptosis and discussed the association between ferroptosis and CNS diseases in pathological mechanism. We also reviewed the regulation of various CNS diseases by different TCM interventions through ferroptosis， providing references for TCM to participate in the treatment of CNS diseases properly in the future.