Objective:To establish an automatic potentiometric method for determination of fluoride in urine.Methods:The fluorine level in human urine was determined by an automatic potentiometric titrator. Methodological experimental analysis of the linear range, detection limit, precision, and accuracy (quality control sample testing and actual sample spiking recovery experiment) of the method were carried out. The determination results of 33 urine samples were compared with those of the national health industry standard Determination of Fluoride in Urine - Ion Selective Electrode Method (WS/T 89-2015).Results:The linear range of the standard curve of urine fluoride in the automatic potentiometric determination method was 0.1 - 10.0 mg/L. The range of linear correlation coefficient ( r) was 0.999 6 to 0.999 9. The minimum detection limit of urine fluoride was 0.01 mg/L (sampling volume was 10.0 ml). The relative standard deviation ( RSD) range for precision experiments was 0.00% to 3.45%. The quality control samples of the national urine fluoride external quality control assessment in 2022 were determined, and the results were within the range of the consensus value. The spiked recovery experiment was carried out, the recovery rate ranged from 100.0% to 104.4%, with a total average recovery rate of 102.1%. The method comparison experiment showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the test results of automatic potentiometric method and the standard method recommended by the national urine fluoride health industry ( t = - 0.90, P = 0.375). Conclusions:A method has been successfully established, achieving automation of the reagent addition and detection process of urine fluoride samples after sampling. It has the characteristics of wide linear range, low detection limit, good precision, and high accuracy, and is suitable for rapid and automatic determination fluoride level of large quantities of urine samples.

OBJECTIVES: The waiting room for surgery is an area set up to improve the surgical turnover rate, but the waiting time for surgery is uncertain. Patients are prone to negative emotions that affect their physiological state during waiting time. This study aims to explore the effect of Mandala painting intervention based on Mandala-self theory on the emotion and physiological state of patients waiting before operation. METHODS: The patients in the control group ( RESULTS: Diastolic pressure, heart rate, and happiness and excitement showed no statistical significance in the time effect, intervention effect, and interaction between the 2 factors (all CONCLUSIONS The application of Mandala painting in the operation waiting room is feasible and can effectively regulate the patients' negative mood and systolic pressure, as well as shorten the waiting time of perception.
Anxiety ; Emotions ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Pain ; Waiting Rooms