Objective To evaluate the drill method to prepare for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)outbreak, and strengthen the control of HAI outbreak.Methods According to two cases of surgical site infection (SSI)re-ported by a neurosurgical department on January 16,2014,HAI outbreak emergency drill was started,SSI occurred from January 2012 to January 2014 were analyzed,specimens of air,object surface and hands of health care workers (HCWs)in the SSI-related operating room and neurosurgical intensive care unit(NSICU)were taken and analyzed. Results In July 2013,3 cases of SSI occurred in neurosurgical department (1 case was suspected of SSI,and didn’t per-form cerebrospinal fluid culture),SSI didn’t exceed 2 cases in the other months,and SSI outbreak couldn’t be confirmed. 16 specimens of air,object surface and hands of HCWs in operating room were taken,microbial detection results were all qualified.13 specimens of air,object surface and hands of HCWs in NSICU were taken,qualified rate was 61.54%;and mould was detected from 2 air specimens.24 disposable objects of neurosurgical department were performed bacterial cul-ture,3 were positive,and all were qualified after repeated detection.Conclusion HAI outbreak drill is helpful for HAI management professional personnel to grasp the method of HAI outbreak investigation method,improve the correct hand washing of surgeons and nurses,strengthen the standard operating procedure,and ensure the safety of pa-tients.

ObjectiveTo explore the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of alopecia areata （AA）， and to provide reference for TCM clinical syndrome differentiation and classification of AA. MethodsAA patients who visited the specialized hairiness clinic of Beijing China-Japan Friendship Hospital were included. A questionnaire was developed including general information of the patients， history of hair loss （onset time， triggers and exacerbating factors， disease progression）， current symptoms （symptoms and signs）， medical history， personal history， family history， and hair microscopy examination results. The factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to determine the syndrome elements and to summarize the syndrome types. ResultsA total of 600 patients with AA were included， including 218 males （36.33%） and 382 females （63.67%）. Totally， 128 patients （21.33%） had a family history of hair loss， and 326 patients （54.33%） had a previous related underlying disease. The leading triggering and exacerbating factors of AA were tension and anxiety， accounting for 335 cases （55.83%） and 285 cases （47.50%）， respectively. The top 10 symptoms involved among patients were scalp oil， anxiety， irritability， dreaminess， fatigue， itching， tension， weakness and dandruff. The factor analysis showed that the factor rotation converged after 9 iterations， and finally obtained 12 common factors and 34 variables， with a cumulative contribution rate of 58.59%. In terms of disease location of AA， the main syndrome elements were liver， spleen and kidney， and the disease nature syndrome elements were mainly dampness-heat， qi stagnation， yin deficiency， qi deficiency， and blood deficiency. The clustering analysis of the 12 common factors showed that TCM syndromes could be summarized into four categories： internal retention of damp-heat， liver-kidney deficiency， qi and blood deficiency， and liver constraint and spleen deficiency. There were significant differences in the distribution of TCM syndromes in patients of different ages and genders （P＜0.001）. ConclusionThe main disease location of AA is in the liver， spleen， and kidney， with the liver being the key. The disease mechanism of AA is a deficiency-excess complex， initially manifested as excess and later becoming deficiency. The TCM syndromes mainly include four types which are internal retention of damp-heat， liver-kidney deficiency， qi and blood deficiency， and liver constraint and spleen deficiency.

Objective:To explore the association between postoperative radiotherapy for bladder cancer and the risk of second primary rectal cancer.Methods:Eligible 75 120 patients with bladder cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result database (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) (1975-2017) were enrolled in this study. The second primary cancers referred to rectal cancers patients suffered after more than five years post-treatment for bladder cancer, and the cumulative incidence was estimated using Fine-Gray competing risk regression. The relative risk (RR) of rectal cancer in patients treated with or without radiotherapy (the RT group or the NRT group) was evaluated using Poisson regression.Results:Among the 75 120 patients, 70 045 (92.4%) were Caucasian, with a median age of 65.8 years (54-74 years). A total of 2 236 (3%) received postoperative radiotherapy, while 72 884 (97%) received surgery alone. The 30-year follow-up revealed a cumulative incidence of rectal cancer of 0.93% in the RT group and 0.43% in the NRT group ( P = 0.004). The competing risk regression analysis identified a significant association between radiotherapy and rectal cancer ( HR: 1.86; 95% CI 1.26-2.74, P < 0.009). Furthermore, the RR of radiotherapy-associated rectal cancer significantly increased as the diagnosis occurred earlier (1975-1985 vs. 1985-1994: RR 2.59; 95% CI 1.20-4.86, P < 0.001), and a lower age at the time of radiotherapy was associated with a higher probability of second primary tumors (≤50-year old vs. > 50 year old : RR 7.89, 95% CI 2.97-21.30, P < 0.001). As calculated using the Poisson distribution, the RR of second rectal tumors was higher in the RT group ( RR: 2.20, 95% CI 1.45-3.18, P < 0.001), even after adjusting the date of diagnosis ( RR: 1.77, 95% CI 1.17-2.57, P = 0.009). Conclusions:An increased risk of rectal cancer following bladder cancer radiotherapy necessitates aggressive follow-ups for the purpose of early detecting second primary rectal cancer associated with bladder cancer radiotherapy.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid method for evaluating the heterozygosity of Murraya paniculata germplasm materials and provide as a foundation for developing germplasm breeding and innovation measures for M. paniculata. MethodSingle nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were screened from the genome resequencing data of 65 plants of M. paniculata. A self-written script was used to transform 20 SNPs into restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） markers. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） was employed to detect the 20 RFLP markers in 12 M. paniculata germplasm accessions， and the heterozygosity of M. paniculata germplasm accessions was calculated based on the number of enzyme-cutting bands at the 20 RFLP marker sites. Plink was used to calculate the whole genome heterozygosity of 12 M. paniculata germplasm accessions， and the results obtained with different methods were compared. ResultThere was no significant difference in the heterozygosity calculated by the PCR-RFLP method and the genome resequencing method. The PCR-RFLP and genome resequencing methods identified 8 and 9 germplasm accessions， respectively， with a heterozygosity level less than 30%. Seven germplasm accessions with heterozygosity less than 30.00% were calculated by both methods. ConclusionThe PCR-RFLP method established in this study for evaluating the heterozygosity of M. paniculata germplasm demonstrates the precision of 87.5% and the accuracy of 77.8%. This method serves as a reference for developing heterozygosity evaluation methods in other medicinal plant germplasm resources.

Objective To investigate the residential radon concentration in typical areas of Hubei Province and assess the dose hazards of radon to human body. Methods According to geographical location, five cities including Wuhan, Enshi, Shiyan, Xianning and Daye were selected, and the stratified cluster sampling and monitoring were conducted in accordance with the residential building structure. From April to July, 2019, RSKS standard detectors were placed in the bedroom or living room of the tested families. After continuously sampling for three months, those detectors were returned back to the laboratory for test readings using Radosys system. Results A total of 651 detectors were deployed in 577 households of 70 communities, and 634 detectors were recovered. The recovery rate of detectors was 97.4%. The indoor residential radon concentration in Hubei Province showed a logarithmic normal distribution, with a median (25% quantile and 75% quantile) of 40.52 (29.13,64.74) Bq/m3 and an annual effective dose of 2.02 mSv. The indoor radon concentrations in Wuhan and Enshi were significantly higher than those in Shiyan, Xianning and Daye (P<0.05). The indoor radon concentrations in brick wood or civil structures were significantly higher than those in reinforced concrete structures (P<0.05), and indoor radon concentration in the first floor was significantly higher than those in other floors (P<0.05). The indoor radon concentrations after 2010 were significantly lower than those between 2001 and 2010 (P<0.05). Conclusion The number of households with indoor radon concentrations exceeding the national limit in newly-built buildings accounted for 10.1%; The indoor residential radon concentration levels of in Hubei Province were influenced by building structure, age and floor.