Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors ( VEGFR ) belong to the receptor-type tyrosine kinase ( RTK ) super family and play important roles in tumor angiogenesis.Abnormal activation of VEGFR results in several disorders including cancer.VEGFR-2 is the major signal transducer for angiogenesis, and therefore, it becomes a good target for the inhibition of tumor development and metastasis.Nowadays, the VEGFR-based antiangiogenic therapy becomes one of the most powerful clinical strategies for cancer treatment.In this review, small molecular VEGFR-2 inhibitors are classified according to their structural features, their biological activities and current statue are briefly introduced.

This article summarized recent correlative literatures focusing on international standards on glycated hemoglobin.The basic concept,determination of glycated hemoglobin,the present review in laboratory measurement and metrological traceability was introduced.The international community has established reference system and metrological traceability to the International System of Units on HbA1c.Determination in glycated hemoglobin is still in incipient stage in our country.Both clinical laboratorians awareness and clinical determination need to be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the effects of intranasal administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) on expressions of nestin and caspase-3 in the perihematomal tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods A total 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: an HB-EGF group, a control group, and a sham operation group (n = 12 in each group). Then they were further divided into 4-, 7-, and 10-day subgroups (n = 4 in each subgroup). A model of intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by injecting type Ⅳ colagenase. At 1 to 3 days after modeling, the HB-EGF group was intranasaly administrated HB-EGF. The control group was administrated the same volume of saline. The Bederson score was conducted at the corresponding time points and the rats were sacrificed after the forelimb placing test. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nestin and caspase-3 in the perihematomal tissue. Results The sham operation group did not have neurological deficits. The Bederson scores (P < 0. 05) and the result of forelimb placing test (al P < 0. 01) at day 4 and 7 in the HB-EGFgroup were better than those in the control group. There were no significant differences at day 10. At day 4, 7, and 10, the number of nestin positive cels in the perihematomal tissue in the HB-EGF group was significantly more than that in the control group (al P < 0. 05), and the number of caspase-3 positive cels was less than that in the control group (al P < 0. 01). Conclusions Intranasal administration of HB-EGF can improve the early neurological function, upreguate the nestin expression and downregulate the caspase-3 expression in the perihematomal tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, indicating that intranasal administration of HB-EGF may promote the proliferation of precursor cels and decrease cel apoptosis in the perihematomal tissue.

Objective To investigate the expressions of transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)in the lungs of mice with intra-amniotic endotoxin priming and exposed to 60% hyperoxia after born in order to elucidate the possible relationship with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD).MethodsFifty C57 pregnant mice were divided into 2 groups:lipopolysaccharide(LPS,40 ?g/L)group and saline solution group,and then received an intra-amniotic injection of corresponding solution on E15.The neonatal mice of each group were randomized to be set in 60% oxygen exposure or in room air.So there were 4 subgroups,LPS+air,LPS+hyperoxia,saline+air and saline+hyperoxia groups.On days 1,3,7,10 and 14 after birth(8 rats each time point),the lung histological changes was assessed with hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining for radial alveolar counting(RAC).The expressions of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA proteins were detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining,and the expressions of TGF-?1 and ?-SMA mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).ResultsIn the LPS+hyperoxia group and saline+hyperoxia group,RAC began to decrease on day 3,and then further declined in a time-dependent manner.Compared with saline+hyperoxia group,LPS+hyperoxia group had significantly lower RAC(P

Objective: To explore the relationship between behavioral problems and accidental injuries among preschoolers, and to provide evidence for the targeted prevention of children s accidental injuries. Methods: During September to October 2019, parent of 2 062 children aged 3 to 6 selected from 8 kindergartens in Hefei through stratified clustering method were investigated. The prevalence of accidental injuries and behavioral problems among preschoolers was collected by questionnaire survey. Results: The prevalence of accidental injury during the past year was 14.55%(300), and behavioral problems 14.21%(293). Total rate of behavioral problems and rate of each dimensions in children with accidental injury were 32.67%, 2.33%, 19.67%, 15.00%, 2.00%, 1.00 % and 5.00%, compared to 11.07%, 0.45%, 6.41%, 4.88%, 0.40%, 0.17% and 0.79% in children without accidental injury ( χ 2=98.11, 12.54, 58.90, 44.12, 10.51, 6.08, 32.68, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that psychosomatic problems( OR =3.13, 95% CI =2.11-4.66), learning problems( OR =2.73, 95% CI =1.86-3.99), abnormal hyperactivity index ( OR =3.16, 95% CI =1.40-7.14) and left behind children ( OR =1.53, 95% CI =1.13-2.07) were associated with higher risk of accidental injuries( P <0.05). Conclusion Behavioral problems are significantly associated with unintentional injuries among preschool children, which deserved further attention and intervention when formulating prevention and control measures for childhood accidental injury.

Objective To discuss the application value of computer graphic imaging techniques combined with CT urography in surgical scheme selection for upper urinary calculi.Methods 97 cases with complex upper urinary calculi underwent CT urography examination.The images were transferred by network to a separate workstation to perform volume rendering (VR),maximum intensity projection (MIP),multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and curved planar reconstruction (CPR).All the post processing images were analyzed for selecting the appropriate surgical scheme.Results The 97 cases were treated properly according to their CT urography examination images,and all patients recovered without complications.Conclusion Urinary calculi and slight changes in the anatomical structure of upper urinary tract can be clearly demonstrated by computer graphics imaging techniques combined with CT urography,which may provide more information for disease diagnosis and selection of surgical scheme.

Objective To review the performance of the IFCC enzyme reference methods in China laboratories and to evaluate the competence of enzyme reference measurement in China.Methods The Intemational Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC)enzyme reference methods were performed in 8 China laboratories.Reference procedures were developed by each laboratory and the performances were evaluated.The Clinical and Laboratory Stadards Institute(CLSI)EP-5 protocol was used for the evaluation of precision and certified reference materials(CRMS)were used for the verification of trueness.Seven of the 8 laboratories participated in the 2006 IFCC external quality assessment program for reference laboratories(RELA)for the assessment of the measurement performance.Results Within-run CVs of less than 1.5%and between-run CVs of less than 2%were achieved bv all the China laboratories.Results on CRMs by some of the laboratories agreed with the certified value within the stated uncertainty.In the 2006 RELA,the averages and the interlaboratory CVs of the China laboratories were similar to those of international laboratories.Conclusion A preliminary enzyme reference method laboratory network has been established in China.

Objective To explore the major risk factors of post transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) and analyze the correlation between tacrolimus and PTDM after kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 123 kidney transplant recipients were collected. All recipients were divided into the PTDM group (n=19) and non-PTDM group (n=104). Clinical data of all recipients in two groups were analyzed. The risk factors of PTDM were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Twenty-four mice were evenly divided into the control group (normal saline), low-dose tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg), medium-dose tacrolimus (0.75 mg/kg) and high-dose tacrolimus groups (1.5 mg/kg). The solutions were given twice a day. The effect of tacrolimus on blood glucose metabolism in mice was evaluated. Results The incidence of PTDM was 15.4% (19/123) within 1 year after kidney transplantation. Age≥48 years old and the trough concentration of tacrolimus≥9 ng/mL within 3 months after kidney transplantation were the risk factors for PTDM after kidney transplantation (both P < 0.05). The fasting blood glucose levels of mice after administration in the low-, medium- and high-dose tacrolimus groups were significantly lower than those before administration (all P < 0.05) in a dose-independent manner (P=0.750). In the low-, medium- and high-dose tacrolimus groups, the postprandial blood glucose levels of mice after administration were significantly higher than those before administration (all P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner (P=0.012). Conclusions Tacrolimus is intimately correlated with the incidence of PTDM after kidney transplantation. Age≥48 years old and the trough concentration of tacrolimus ≥9 ng/mL within 3 months after kidney transplantation are the independent risk factors of PTDM. Tacrolimus affects the postprandial blood glucose levels of mice in a dose-dependent manner.

Abstract The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in China has entered a new phase of pandemic, with substantial regional differences. There are diverse and complex determinants for overweight and obesity in school age children, it is necessary to take targeted measures towards children of different ages and regions, comprehensively consider the effects of physiological, social, household and behavioral factors and simultaneously strengthen connections between schools, medical institutions and families, so as to actively respond to the severe situation of childhood obesity epidemic.

BACKGROUND: Vascular intimal hyperplasia (IH) is one of the key challenges in the clinical application of smalldiameter vascular grafts. Current tissue engineering strategies focus on vascularization and antithrombotics, yet few approaches have been developed to treat IH. Here, we designed a tissue-engineered vascular scaffold with portulaca flavonoid (PTF) composition and biomimetic architecture.METHOD: By electrospinning, PTF is integrated with biodegradable poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) into a bionic vascular scaffold. The structure and functions of the scaffolds were evaluated based on material characterization and cellular biocompatibility. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) were cultured on scaffolds for up to 14 days. RESULTS: The incorporation of PTF and preparation parameters during fabrication influences the morphology of the scaffold, including fibre diameter, structure, and orientation. Compared to the PCL scaffold, the scaffolds integrated with bioactive PTF show better hydrophilicity and degradability. HVSMCs seeded on the scaffold alongside the fibres exhibit fusiform-like shapes, indicating that the scaffold can provide contact guidance for cell morphology alterations. This study demonstrates that the PCL/PTF (9.1%) scaffold inhibits the excessive proliferation of HVSMCs without causing cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION The study provides insights into the problem of restenosis caused by IH. This engineered vascular scaffold with complex function and preparation is expected to be applied as a substitute for small-diameter vascular grafts.