Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in the fibrinolytic system during and after open heart surgery performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the effect of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) on fibrinolysis, postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements.Methods Forty patients (24 males, 16 females) aged 17-43 yr undergoing valve replacement with CPB were randomized to receive EACA 200 mg?kg-1 (group A) or normal saline (group B) added to the priming solution. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular morphine 0.2 mg?kg-1 and scopolamine 0.3 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2 mg ? kg, fentanyl 10 ?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent i.v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT = 10 ml?kg-1 , RR = 10-12 bpm, I:E = 1:2) after tracheal intubation. Blood samples were taken before skin incision (baseline) , 8 and 30 min on CPB, 10 min after protamine administration and 2 h after operation for determination of tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, plasmin (Plm) activity and D-dimer. The amount of blood drained from chest and bank blood infused within 24 h after operation were recorded.Results (1) Group B (control group): PAI activity was maintained stable perioperatively. The t-PA activity and t-PA/PAI ratio increased significantly during operation but returned to the baseline value 2 h after operation. D-dimer level also significantly increased during and after operation. The Plm activity increased significantly at 8h on CPB and 10 min after protamine administration compared to the baseline value. (2) The t-PA activity and t-PA /PAI ratio were significantly lower in group A than in group B. The D-dimer level and Plm activity were also significantly lower in group A than in group B during and after operation. The amount of blood loss and bank blood infused within 24 h after operation was 40% and 37% less than that in group B.Conclusion Fibrinolytic system is activated during CPB as shown by the increase in plasminogen and t-PA/PAI ratio. EACA is effective in reducing postoperative blood loss and blood transfusion through inhibition of the activation of fibrinolytic system.

Lots of evidence show a correlation between air pollution and chronic respiratory diseases, of which the effect of particulate matter is the most concerned.It is the current research hotspot that respiratory diseases in both children and adults are closely related with atmospheric pollution levels.The influence mechanisms of atmos-pheric pollution on respiratory diseases include oxidative stress, inflammation, genetic damage, etc.This paper made a review of the latest advances s on the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases caused by atmospheric particulates PM2.5 .

Dysfunction of the human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) is closely related to development of lung neoplasms and other cancers.Polymorphisms in hOGG1 gene may alter glycosylase activity,thereby affect its repair capacity to the damaged DNA,contributing to carcinogenesis.Joint effects of hOGG1 and other DNA repair gene SNPs have showed complex gene-gene interactions may significantly contribute to people's lung cancer susceptibility.HOGG1 plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial respiration thus affects tumor cell growth.

Objective To explore the effectiveness of sandplay therapy combined with family counseling in children with school phobia and its influence of child′ self-consciousness. Methods Integrative sandplay therary with family consulting were used to treat 28 patients with school phobia regularly for 2 months. Sandplay and family consulting therapy were given once a week for 45 minutes . Clinical outcomes were assessed using CGI-GI and Piers-Harris children′s self-consciousness scale before and after treatment as well as 3 months posttreatment. Results Overall response rate was 85%. In addition, the physical appearance and characteristic factor before and after treatment were no significant difference (P>0.05). The rest of the various factors and total score compared with pre-treatment significantly improved (P<0.05). After treatment for 3 months, every factor in self-consciousness of children and total score were no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Integrative sandplay therapy with family counseling has better and long-lasting treatment effect to self-consciousness of children with school refusal.

Objective To improve the stability and practicability of field liquid transfusion control system.Methods SPCE062A 's high accurate AD was used to acquire the dropping speed,and a new method for weight sensor 's self proofread was applied.Results The infrared photoelectric sensor was removed,so the monitoring part could work with any appropriate sensor.Conclusion The system cost is decreased and its stability and availability are enhanced.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):66-67]

Objective To design a more rapid and convenient infusion monitoring system.Methods Pentium series were used as its master and the MCU as its slaves.The management was based on RS232 standard.Results In the nursing station,nurses can monitor the fusion state of all patient rooms in the hospital.Conclusion It is proved that this system is simple,cheap and practical.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(3):61-62,65]

Objective To identify small non-coding RNAs encoded by plasmid pPCP1 and investigate their roles in biofilm formation, stress tolerance and/or virulence in Yersinia pestis.Methods Seven plasmid pPCP1-encoded sRNAs were identified by RNA-seq results in Y.pestis in our previous studies.Northern blot was used to validate the presence of the seven sRNAs.The sRNA-deletion mutants were constructed via λ-Red homologous recombination system.The biofilm formation, high salt tolerance and virulence of the phenotypes were compared between Y.pestis WT strain and sRNA mutants.Results and Conclusion The expression of seven pPCP1-encoded sRNAs was validated and the transcript length detected by Northern blotting corresponded to the length observed by RNA-seq.On this basis, five sRNA-deletion mutants were obtained.The capacity of biofilm formation was weakened upon deletion of sR3446.The tolerance of sR3446, sR3457, sR4338 and sR4340 mutants was found weakened in vitro compared to that of wild-type strain,but the tolerance of sR6143 was found increased.Slight virulence attenuation was found in two sRNA mutants ( sR4338 and sR4340 ) .The results suggest that pPCP1-deriving sRNA might be implicated in stress response, biofilm and virulence in Y.pestis.

Objective To investigate the effect of PM2.5 airborne particulate matter with a mean diameter of less than 2.5μm exposure on autophagy and explore the links between autophagy and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells(A549). Methods A549 cells were exposed to 100μg/mL PM2.5 with or without 3-MA(autophagy inhibitor)for various periods of 0、2、4、12 or 24 hrs. Autophagy in A549 cells was assessed by determining the lev-el of LC3(a known autophagy marker)using confocal microscopy. The level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) Ⅱ conversion and Bax (a pro-apoptotic protein) was detected by western blotting. Results The expression of LC3 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in A549 cells was significantly increased and Bax was signifi-cantly decreased following exposure to PM2.5100 μg/mL for 24 h in a time-dependent manner(P < 0.05). After treated with 100 μg/mL PM2.5,the formation of LC3 in A549 cells as evidenced by the intensity of intracellular fluorescence was significantly increased ,and autophageosomes were observed around nucleus in A549 cells. Fur-thermore blockage of autophagy by 3-MA led to a significant increase in the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Conclu-sion PM2.5 exposure induces autophagy which may protect against apoptosis induced by PM2.5 in A549 cells.

Objective:To express human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in prokaryotic cells,purify the expressed product and de-termine its activity by immunoassay kit.Methods: The gene encoding HE 4 was cloned using RT-PCR technique from total RNA of ovarian carcinoma cells ES-2,the amplified HE4 gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-1 and PET26b respective-ly.The recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-HE4 and PET26b-HE4 were constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21 cells respectively, and protein ( GST-HE4 and His-HE4 ) expressions were induced by IPTG and identified by SDS-PAGE and commercial ELISA kit.Results:Restriction analysis and sequencing proved that recombinant plasmid pGEX -4T-1-HE4 and PET26b-HE4 were constructed correctly.The expressed recombinant proteins ,with the relative molecular mass of about 38 000 and 12 000 ,showed specific binding to monoclonal antibody against HE 4.Conclusion:Two kinds of recombinant HE 4 protein are successfully expressed in prokaryotic cells , which laid a foundation of preparation of immunoassay reagents.

Aim To observe the damages induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured bovine cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (BCMEC) and evaluate the protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin on hydrogen peroxide-injured BCMEC. Methods BCMEC were cultured and transferred into modified Eagle medium (MEM). The viability of cells was detected by MTT assay. Cell injury was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the extracellular medium. Flow cytometry was employed to observe the occurrence of apoptosis. Morphologic changes of cells were visualized under phase contrast and electron occurrence of apoptosis. Hydroxyethylpuerarin was shown to increase the survival rate and decrease the activity of LDH of BCMEC damaged by hydrogen peroxide. Hydroxyethylpuerarin was also found to protect BCMEC against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide induces BCMEC injury either by apoptosis or through necrosis. Hydroxyethylpuerarin protects BCMEC against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Its antioxidant effects might be involved as the mechanism protection.