ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of tertamethylpyrazine on perioperative humoral immune function in patients required for autologous blood transfusion.MethodsSixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-60 yr weighing 50-75 kg undergoing elective spinal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =30 each):test group and control group.In test group,tertamethylpyrazine 2 mg/kg was infused intravenously over 5 min at 30 min before the autologous blood was collected.Tertamethylpyrazine was added to the heparinized saline and washing saline at the same time (25 mg per 500 ml) until the final concentration reached 0.005 ％.Tertamethylpyrazine was not given in control group.Venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia induction (T0) and at 1 h after operation (T1),and on day 1 and 5 after operation (T2.3) for measurement of serum IgG and IgM concentrations by ELISA.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and amount of salvaged blood reinfused were recorded.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the operation time,intraoperative blood loss and amount of salvaged blood reinfused between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the baseline value at T0,serum IgG and IgM concentrations were significantly decreased at T1-3 in control group and the serum IgG concentration was significantly decreased at T1.2 in test group ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).The serum IgG concentration at T2.3 and serum IgM concentration at T1-3 were significantly higher in test group than in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).ConclusionTertamethylpyrazine can reduce humoral immunosuppression to some extent and improve the balance of humoral immunity in patients required for autologous blood transfusion.

Objective To investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine pretreatment on the expression of cfos and heat shock protein (HSP70) during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in cultured fetal rat hippocampal neurons. Methods After the neurons were cultured and identified, they were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 24each): control group (group C), H/R group, and low, median and high concentration of tetramethylpyrazine pretreatment groups (group L, M and H). The neurons were exposed to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 24 h of reoxygenation. Tetramethylpyrazine was added with the final concentrations of 60, 200 and 800 μg/ml in group L, M and H respectively, and then the neurons were incubated for 1 h before H/R. The apoptosis rate, cell viability and expression of c-fos and HSP70 were detected. Results The cell viability was significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in group A/R, L and H than in group C (P ＜0.01). The cell viability and HSP70expression were significantly higher, while the apoptosis rate and c-fos expression were significantly lower in group L, M and H than in group A/R, and in group M and H than in group L (P＜ 0.05). The cell viability and HSP70expression were significantly lower, while the apoptosis rate and c-fos expression were significantly higher in group H than in group M ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion The mechanism by which tetramethylpyrazine pretreatment inhibits the apoptosis in cultured fetal rat hippocampal neurons during H/R may be related to the dowm-regulation of c-fos expression and up-regulation of HSP70 expression.

Objective:To explore the growth characteristics of young scientific and technological talents and provide a reference for the training of young talents and the talent introduction of research teams.Methods:Taking the winners of the National Natural Science Youth Scientists Fund of Capital Medical University from 2010 to 2019 as the research object, this article retraced their biographical information such as personal characteristics, educational experiences, and growth history, and analyzed the growth characteristics of scientific and technological talents.Results:The growth characteristics of young scientific and technological talents were obtained by summarizing the age, gender, professional title, degree, and overseas study experience of the recipients of the Young Scientists Fund. The influence of educational background on their talent time was preliminarily analyzed through multiple linear regression.Conclusions:According to the study of the growth characteristics and educational background of young scientific and technological talents, we hope to guide the training direction of young talents and provide support for the selection of excellent talents. It is also proposed to improve the talent selection mechanism, encourage scientific research cooperation, and optimize the talent evaluation mechanism to promote more outstanding young scientific and technological talents to stand out.

Mycobacterium (M.) vaccae is a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. To understand the host immune responses induced by M. vaccae isolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, C57BL/6 mice were infected with reference strain M. vaccae Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and isolated M. vaccae using intraperitoneal injections. Comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology between M. vaccae and M. vaccae BCG revealed that M. vaccae was more malignant than M. vaccae in mice. We also demonstrated that serum from the M. vaccae-infected mice contained a higher expression level of gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta than did the other groups, especially after week 4. Furthermore, when the numbers of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁺IL4⁺ cells in the infected mice were observed by flow cytometry, we found that a powerful T helper 1 (Th1) response was induced by M. vaccae infection, which was associated with the emergence of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cells. However, the Th1 response declined over time, which was associated with appearance of the CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁺CD152⁺Treg cell reaction. In addition, a strong Th2 response was found. Finally, we found that M. vaccae infection increased the production of type I IFNs, which was associated with a reduced Th1 response.
Animals ; Bacillus ; Bacteria ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Flow Cytometry ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukins ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice* ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium* ; Pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Rapid development of high-throughput technologies has permitted the identification of an increasing number of disease-associated genes (DAGs), which are important for understanding disease initiation and developing precision therapeutics. However, DAGs often contain large amounts of redundant or false positive information, leading to difficulties in quantifying and prioritizing potential relationships between these DAGs and human diseases. In this study, a network-oriented gene entropy approach (NOGEA) is proposed for accurately inferring master genes that contribute to specific diseases by quantitatively calculating their perturbation abilities on directed disease-specific gene networks. In addition, we confirmed that the master genes identified by NOGEA have a high reliability for predicting disease-specific initiation events and progression risk. Master genes may also be used to extract the underlying information of different diseases, thus revealing mechanisms of disease comorbidity. More importantly, approved therapeutic targets are topologically localized in a small neighborhood of master genes in the interactome network, which provides a new way for predicting drug-disease associations. Through this method, 11 old drugs were newly identified and predicted to be effective for treating pancreatic cancer and then validated by in vitro experiments. Collectively, the NOGEA was useful for identifying master genes that control disease initiation and co-occurrence, thus providing a valuable strategy for drug efficacy screening and re-positioning. NOGEA codes are publicly available at https://github.com/guozihuaa/NOGEA.