BACKGROUND: The contact lenses were easily contaminated by adsorbing components from the tear film, particularly protein after wearing for a period of time. Lysozyme adsorption dynamics of fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses has been studied in order to further improve data of protein adsorption, reduce adsorbing amount of surface protein, and prevent surface contamination of contact lenses.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adsorption dynamics of fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses to lysozyme in vitro. METHODS: A stock solution of lysozyme was prepared in Hanks balanced salt solution (2.0 g/L, solution Ⅰ) and different trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) concentrations were prepared. Recovery experiment, the contact lenses were placed in shaking incubator at 37 ℃ for varying time intervals. After incubation there was a single rinsing in Hanks balanced salt solution. Contact lenses in control group were placed in diluted water, and contact lenses in the other group were placed in different concentrations of TFA. For deposition, FSA contact lenses in experimental group were placed in shaking incubator at 37 ℃ for varying time intervals. After incubation there was a single rinsing in Hanks balanced salt solution. Then FSA contact lenses were immersed in 0.2% TFA solution. The amount of lysozyme was assayed with BCA method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lysozyme which attached to fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses could be resolved by TFA, and the recovery was influenced by the immersed time and the concentration of TFA. The optimal time was 1 hour, and the optimum concentration was 0.2%. The adsorption dynamics of lysozyme on FSA contact lenses was a second-phased process, i.e., lysozyme adsorption increased rapidly during 10 minutes-1 hour, reached a plateau at 1 hour, stably adsorbed during 1-24 hours, and reached a saturation of 0.349 mg/cm~2. The recovery of lysozyme was lower at 10 and 30 minutes, but reached 90%-100% while the time of incubation was between 40 minutes and 24 hours.

Objective To compare HER-2 state in breast cancer tissue deteced by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyze their correlation. Methods HER-2/neu protein expression and gene amplification were detected by FISH and IHC in 56 newly-diagnosed cases of female breast cancer from July 2008 to July 2009. Results Of the 56 patients, HER-2 protein expression (-), (+), (++), (+++) was 9 cases (16.1%), 29 cases (51.8%), 11 cases (19.6%) and 7cases (12.5%) respectively; 26 cases (46.4%) had HER-2 gene amplification while 30 cases (53.6%) didnt have. Type of HER-2 gene amplification was mainly HER-2(++) and HER-2(+++), and according gene amplification rate was 72 7% and 100%. HER-2 (+) gene amplification rate was 37.9 %(11cases) and no gene amplification was found in HER-2(-) tissue. The HER-2 positive rate using two methods had significant difference(χ2=19.778,P<0.01). HER-2(-) and HER-2(+++) had good consistency with the FISH results(Kappa=0.969),but HER-2(+) and HER-2(+ +) were poorly consistent with the FISH results(Kappa=0.271). Conclusions IHC is the preliminary screening method for detection of HER-2 expression. HER-2(-) and HER-2(+++) have good consistency with the gene amplification, and can guide clinical treatment. Some patients with HER-2(+) and HER-2(++) have HER-2 gene amplification. FISH is needed for targeted therapy.

Objective To determine the clinical implications of internal mammary node biopsy for neoplasm stage,treatment,and prognosis in patients with breast cancer.Methods Internal mammary node biopsy via intercostal space was performed in 229 cases of breast cancer.Anatomical location of internal mammary nodes was recorded.Results Internal mammary node biopsy was successfully finished in 220 patients.There were 56 cases (24.45％ ) with internal mammary nodes metastasis,126 cases (55.02％ ) with axillary nodes metastasis,43 cases (34.13％ ) with regional metastases in both the axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes and 13 cases ( 12.62％ ) with internal mammary node metastasis only.Internal mammary node metastasis rate in patients with the number of positive axillary nodes ≥4 was 49.32％ (36/73).pN stage migration was seen in 56 patients with positive internal mammary nodes.There was no statistic relation between internal mammary nodes metastases and tumor location ( x2 =0.661,P =0.719).70.7％ patients with medial/central tumors and 50.7％ patients with the number of positive axillary nodes ≥4 were free from internal mammary node radiotherapy on account of internal mammary node biopsy.There was no complication such as pneumothorax or haemorrhagia.Conclusions Internal mammary node biopsy from intercostal space is a reliable surgical technique and can improve pN stage in some breast cancer patients.With internal mammary node biopsy,patients with a negative internal mammary node can be prevented from radiation to internal mammary nodal areas.

Objective: To investigate the creation of smoke-free environments in public places in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into effective implementation of the tobacco control policy. Methods: The party and government administrations at each level, medical institutions, educational places, restaurants and entertainment places, and open public places were enrolled. The creation of smoke-free environments was investigated in these places through undercover investigation with field observations and concealed photography by a third-party professional investigation company from November to December, 2022. The building of smoke-free environments (totally 60 scores) and no smoking indoors (totally 40 scores) were evaluated according to the Criteria for Scoring of Smoke-free Organizations in Hangzhou City. Results: Totally 909 places were investigated, and the comprehensive score of smoke-free environment building was (82.83±14.13) points. There were 285 party and government administrations with a comprehensive score of (84.19±12.85) points, 65 medical institutions with a comprehensive score of (90.35±6.95) points, 65 educational places with a comprehensive score of (83.43±16.81) points, 403 dining and entertainment places with a comprehensive score of (80.68±14.75) points, and 91 open public places, with a comprehensive score of (82.34±14.77) points. There were 397 places with standardized tobacco control tips at entrances (43.67%), 308 places with tobacco control signs posted as required (33.88%), 707 places that set outdoor smoking areas correctly (77.78%), 68 places with smoking paraphernalia (7.48%), 28 places with tobacco sales (3.08%). There were 732 places without signs of indoor smoking (80.53%), 850 places without indoor smoking (93.51%) and 24 places without dissuading from smoking (2.64%). Conclusion The indoor no-smoking is overall satisfactory in public places in Hangzhou City; however, standardizing no-smoking tips at entrances, standardizing the posting of no-smoking signs and assignment of tobacco control materials remain to be improved.

Objective To explore the best operation method in the patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods A total of 139 patients with papillary thjroid microcarcinoma were treated at our institute between Jan.2000 and Jan.2010.The data on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and treatment were collected.Results The mean tumor size was (0.45 ± 0.24) cm.Of the 139 patients,30.2％ had multifocal tumors,19.4％ had bilateral tumors,42.4％ neck lymph node metastases.The number of eases of lymph node metastasis in level Ⅵ,Ⅱa,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 58(41.7％),3(2.2％),10(7.9％),5(3.6％),respectively.Only one had lymph node metastasis in Level Ⅲ Microscopic extrathyroid extension was associated with neck lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid microcareinoma patients (x2 =38.39,P ＜0.001).No one developed permanent hypoparathyroidism.The median follow-up time was 103 (range,30-154) months,and local recurrence in the thyoid was diagnosed in 2 patients who underwent hemi-or subtotal thyroidectomy.Follow-up of 10 years was done in 16 cases,and the survival rate of 139 patients for 10-year was 100％.Conclusions It suggested that patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma has uniform clinicopathologic characteristics and the pattern of lymph node metastasis from those with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Total thyroidectomy plus level Ⅵ dissection is the optimal surgical treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Objective To explore the pattern of cervical nodal metastasis and the clinical significance of total thyroidectomy plus functional neck lymphadenectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Methods Clinical and pathological data of 172 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy plus functional neck lymph node dissection at Jinan Military General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed, including patient demographics, extent of surgery, parathyroid hormone level,recurrence, tumor pathology, such as tumor size, multifocality, capsular invasion, vascular invasion,extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node status. Results Of the 172 functional neck dissection patients (47 ambilateral), the incidence of lymphonodus metastasis in regions Ⅵ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ was 96. 3% ,78. 5%and 62.1% respectively. Rate of nodal metastasis was higher in patients with extracapsular invasion than in patients with no invasion ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Serum parathyroid hormone levels significantly decreased immediately postoperatively in total thyroidectomy plus functional neck dissection and remained low for several weeks thereafter ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rate was ( 98. 83 ± 0. 82) %, (98. 23 ± 1.02 ) % and (96. 42 ± 1.43 )%, respectively. Conclusions Therapeutic neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer is recommended for cervical nodal metastasis patients. Total thyroidectomy plus functional neck dissection is important in the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of INTRABEAM in breast conserving surgery for early stage breast cancer.Methods Clinical data of 43 cases of early breast cancer undergoing INTRA-BEAM intraopetative radiotherapy from Jan.2013 to Dec.2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All cases underwent breast conserving surgery combined with 20 Gy INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy.The postoperative incision,incidence of local complications and acute radiation injury were recorded after surgery.Breast recovery,the cosmetic effects,early overall survival,recurrence-free survival,and non-metastatic survival were followed up.Results All cases were given breast conserving surgery associated with INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy),with median radiotherapy time of 31 mins ranging from 25 to 39 mins.Five cases underwent postoperative whole breast irradiation.Major early complications included incision infection (1 case),postoperative effusion (5 cases),radiation area skin pain (4 cases).The short-term follow-up survey showed that the satisfaction rate was 93.0％.The overall survival rate,recurrence free survival rate and metastasis free survival rate was 100％ respec tively.Conclusion Breast conseving surgery combined with INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy for early breast cancer patients is safe and feasible.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of serum concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium after thyroid surgery and compare the changes among different modes of operation. MethodsFrom Aug. 2006 to Dec. 2009, 470 patients accepted thyroid surgery. The serum concentration of PTH and calcium in different groups was measured and compared before and 1 day after surgery. According to the extent and similarity of the surgery, patients were classified into 7 groups and they were compared in terms of postoperative changes of PTH and serum calcium. Statistical analysis was performed. ResultsThe serum concentration of PTH and calciurn decreased significantly after surgery in all patients except for those receiving unilateral and bilateral partial thyroidectomy. Compared with unilateral lobectomy, surgeries such as bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy, unilateral thyroidectomy with contralateral subtotal thyroidectomy, bilateral near-total thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy resulted in more dramatic decreases of serum concentration of PTH and calcium and higher incidence of hypocalcemia ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The comparison between patients receiving CLND or not had the same result. Conclusions Almost all kinds of thyroid surgery affect the parathyroid function. The wider the surgery, the higher the possibility of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The indications and criteria of different types of thyroid surgery are essential for hypoparathyroidism prevention. In some cases, vitamin D and calcium are recommended for preventive purpose.

Objective To evaluate the safety of the da Vinci Si surgical system in thyroid surgery and to accumulate operation experience .Methods The da Vinci Si surgical system consists of a surgeon's console, a patient-side robotic cart, and high-definition 3D vision system.The robot arm tips were introduced via a single axillary incision or small chest wall ports and attached to the arms of the robot .The surgeon , sitting at the con-sole, manipulated the EndoWrist instruments and endoscope view that transfer the surgeon 's movements to the arm tips.The so called EndoWrist'technology offers seven degrees of movements ( up, down, left, right, twist, et al) , thus exceeding the capacity of a surgeon's hand in open surgery .The da Vinci Si surgical system was used to perform thyroidectomy in two small pigs .The animals were intubated and kept anesthetized with halothane .Re-sults Four surgical procedures were done using the da Vinci Si system from beginning to the end , including 2 thyroidectomies and 2 thymectomies .No conversions to open or laparoscopic procedure was used .The procedure length was 61 minutes and 50 minutes, respectively.Conclusions Robotic thyroidectomy can be performed safe-ly by the experienced surgeons after short-term da Vinci Si surgical system training .The learning curve for robotic thyroidectomy is shorter .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate surgical outcomes and the feasibility of robotic thyroidectomy and central neck dissection (CND).

METHODSThe clinical data of 40 patients of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy and isthmusectomy) and CND using the Da Vinci system through axillo-bilateral-breast approach in Jinan Military General Hospital of People's Liberation Army from February to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively (robotic group). Other forty patients of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy and isthmusectomy) and CND by open approach were selected as the control (open group). Cosmetic satisfaction was assessed after a month postoperation by the numerical score system. t-test and χ(2) test were used to compare the clinical characters, total operative time, intraoperative estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, number of lymph nodes removed, visual analogue scale for pain, postoperative complications, and cosmetic effect between the 2 groups.

RESULTSAll 80 patients were diagnosed of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy/isthmusectomy) with CND of 40 patients were successfully performed by da Vinci Si surgical system. The numbers of total thyroidectomy of robotic group and the open group were 36 and 37, respectively. The numbers of metastatic lymph nodes of robotic group and open group were 14 and 15, respectively. The operation time of the robotic group was (130±12) minutes, which was longer than that of open group (98±11) minutes (t=12.432, P<0.05). The study showed statistical significant difference between the two groups regarding the visual analog scale pain assessment (1.9±0.9 vs.3.9±1.1, t=8.900, P<0.05). There were no statistical significant difference of intraoperative estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, number of lymph nodes removed, and the complication rate between the 2 groups.Postoperative cosmetic result was more satisfying on the robotic group (9.1±0.5) than open group (4.8±1.5) (t=17.200, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe robotic total thyroidectomy (or lobectomy and isthmusectomy) and CND has similar surgery safety and feasibility as open procedures. The robotic thyroidectomy is a good alternative surgical modality for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma who wish to avoid neck scars.

Axilla ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; surgery ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Nodes ; Neck Dissection ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; methods