With the development of systemic therapy for the treatment of breast cancer, the incidence of brain metastases from breast cancer is gradually increasing. Treatment with surgery,stereotactic radiosurgery, and wholebrain radiotherapy (WBRT) are still the first-line therapies for the majority of patients with brain metastases. Recently, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy have been widely used for breast cancer. This review summarizes the efficiency of those strategies for the breast cancer patients with brain metastases.

AIM To investigate the anti oxidation activities of new systhesized nitroxides in liver, liver mitochondria and RBC from rats and in egg phospholipid. METHODS The homogenates of liver, liver mitochondria from rats and the suspensions of egg phospholipid were used to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) formation induced by Fe 2+ Vit C system using TBA colorimetric method. H 2O 2 caused hemolysis was measured spectrometrically. Superoxide anion was assayed spectrometrically. RESULTS Nitroxides A, B with one active group (NO?) could inhibit MDA generation caused by ?OH generation system significantly, antagonized hemolysis induced by H 2O 2, but did not affect O ? 2 formation; Nitroxide C with two active group (NO?) possessed similar potent anti lipoperoxidative activities,IC 50

Objective: To investigate the current prevalence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy among pregnant and lying-in women in Xining City and to identify the influencing factors, so as to provide insights into reasonable weight control during pregnancy. Methods: The pregnant and lying-in women who were registered and delivered in the Red Cross Hospital of Qinghai Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University and the First People's Hospital of Xining City from August 2021 to July 2022 were enrolled. Women's demographics, health status during pregnancy, diet, sleep and exercise were collected through prenatal testing data and questionnaires. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy was identified according to "Weight monitoring and evaluation during pregnancy of Chinese Women" (T/CNSS 009-2021), and the factors affecting excessive weight gain during pregnancy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 902 questionnaires were allocated and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.78%. The pregnant and lying-in women had a mean age of (29.06±4.16) years, mean pregestational body mass index of (20.44±2.20) kg/m2 and mean gestational weight gain of (14.17±3.11) kg, and there were 447 primiparas (50.68%) and 360 women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy (40.82%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified an educational level of senior high school/technical secondary school (OR=1.400, 95%CI: 1.037-1.889), annual household income of >200 000 Yuan (OR=2.385, 95%CI: 1.924-2.956), a family history of diabetes (OR=1.475, 95%CI: 1.180-1.844), pregestational overweight/obesity (OR=4.079, 95%CI: 2.471-6.734), gestational hypertension (OR=2.061, 95%CI: 1.027-4.136), anxiety (OR=1.315, 95%CI: 1.139-1.518) and preference for sour foods (OR=1.715, 95%CI: 1.237-2.376) as risk factors for excessive weight gain during pregnancy, and early pregnancy reaction as a protective factor (OR=0.636, 95%CI: 0.546-0.742). Conclusions The prevalence of excessive weight gain during pregnancy was high in Xining City, and educational level, annual household income, family history of diabetes, pregestational body mass index, pregnant complications and dietary habits are factors affecting excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

Objective To evaluate the role of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) signal passway on the expression of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα) in hypertensive rats. Methods Protein and mRNA expressions of RhoGDIα in aortae of 4, 12 and 18 week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 4) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n= 4) were examined by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Aortas from SHR and WKY were analyzed using immonuchemical staining to locate the RhoGDIα in the aorta. The RhoGDIα expression in aorta of hypertensive rat model of aorta coarctation (ACR, n = 6) was also analyzed using Western blotting. Furthermore, The effect of mechanical strain at 10 % elongation on expression of RhoGDIα in vascular smoothmuscle cells (VSMCs) in the presence or absence of L-158809, an antagonist for AngⅡ type 1 receptor, was also evaluated by Western blotting. Results No significant difference of RhoGDIα expression was found between SHR and WKY at 4-week-old and 12-week-old. However, in 18-week-old group, RhoGDIα was significantly highly expressed in SHR than that of WKY at both mRNA and protein levels. RhoGDIα was located in the media of the aorta. Expression of RhoGDIα protein was upregulated in aortas of ACR at 2 and 4 weeks as compared with the controls. The expression of RhoGDIα in VSMCs was inhibited by mechanicalstrain at 10 % elongation, and further decreased by treatment of L-158809. Conclusion RhoGDIα is upregulated in aortae of the hypertensive rats. AngⅡ signal passway may be involved in the process of regulating expression of RhoGDIα.

Objective To evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal cryosurgical ablation(TRUSCSA) for localized prostate cancer. Methods The data of 26 patients who were diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer (T_(1a)N_0M_0 - T_(2x)N_0M_0) by biopsy were reviewed. The data of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, clinical stage and Gleason score were collected. The Gleason score of all cases was ≤7; among them 6 cases were 2 - 4 and 20 cases were 5 - 7. The average pretreatment value of PSA was 11. 9 ng/ml (4. 7 - 19. 2 ng/ml). All the patients were treated with TRUSCSA, with a dual freeze-thaw cycle by using ultrathin 17-gauge cryoneedles. Immediate and delayed morbidities were evaluated. The PSA level was obtained every 3 months for the first 2 years and then every 6 months thereafter, and failure was defined as the inability to reach a nadir of 0. 5 ng/ml or less. All patients were strongly encouraged to undergo routine biopsies despite a stable PSA level. Results The operative time was (102±32)min. The postoperative hospital stay was (6±2)d. After withdrawal of the catheter, 22 cases had good continence) 4 had temporary incontinence for 3 - 7 d. Before operation 9 cases had normal sex life, and among them 5 cases had erectile dysfunction after operation. No one developed urinary retention or urethro-rectal fistula. The follow-up ranged from 6 to 30 months (mean 22). The PSA level at the last follow up visit was less than 0. 5 ng/ml in 23 patients (88%) and 0. 5 ng/ml or more in 3(12%). Postoperative biopsies were taken in 20 cases and the results were negative at the 6th month. Conclusions Transrectal ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryosurgical ablation for clinically localized prostate cancer could be effective and safe. Additional studies with longer follow-up are necessary to determine the sustained efficacy of this procedure.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between daily outdoor activity time both on and off campus and respiratory symptoms of junior middle school students, then to provide evidence for the prevention of respiratory diseases in adolescents. Methods: In 2016, two middle schools were selected in Wuhan，in which a total of 860 eighth grade students were surveyed, generalized linear analysis was conducted by SAS 9.4 software. Results: Average outdoor activity time out of campus during weekdays in boys and was (1.84±2.30) hours, which was higher than in girls (1.51±1.99) hours (t=2.19, P<0.05). Average outdoor activity time in campus in boys was (1.74±1.50) hours, which was significantly higher than that of girls (1.49±1.20) hours (t=2.68, P<0.05). According to the results of generalized linear analysis, after controlled for gender, age and self-perceived physical condition, the longer the time adolescents spent outside the classroom during weekday, the less likely they were to have symptoms of throat and nasal cavity(estimated value=-0.06,-0.07, P<0.05). Conclusion Adolescents who spend more time outside the classroom during weekday can effectively prevent the occurrence of respiratory related diseases.

Objective: To explore the relationships between the characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury in nursing female college students. Methods: Two medical colleges and junior colleges were selected in Anhui province. A total of 2 549 female nursing students in grade 1 to 3 were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic information,childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury. Results: The reported rate of non-suicidal self-injury among female nursing students in the past six months was 8.2%. Sexual abuse at any time during childhood (primary school or earlier,middle school and high school) increased the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among female nursing students (P<0.05). Exposure to sexual abuse in all three periods was associated with 5.04(95%CI=1.73-14.62) times odds ratio than that of those who not exposed to sexual abuse (P<0.01). Only contact sexual abuse and both contact and non-contact sexual abuse in childhood were correlated with nonsuicidal selfinjury among female nursing students [OR(95%CI)=2.21(1.48-3.29), 3.56(2.13-5.96)] (P<0.05). Two patterns of sexual abuse experiences were identified,including persistent sexual abuse (3.1%) and the other group is occasional sexual (96.9%). Persistent sexual abuse in childhood was correlated to higher risk of non-suicidal self-injury compared with occasional sexual abuse (OR=2.61,95%CI=1.35-5.05,P<0.01). Conclusion The occurrence periods,types and patterns of sexual abuse in childhood are closely related to non-suicidal self-injury in female nursing students.

Objective:To explore the inhibitory mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion on tumor growth in colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC)based on histone lysine demethylase 4D(KDM4D). Methods:Inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a CAC group,a herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group,and an inhibitor group.Except the normal group,rats in the other three groups were treated with azoxymethane(AOM)combined with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)to make CAC rat models.Rats in the normal group and the CAC group did not receive interventions;rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group received moxibustion at Qihai(CV6)and bilateral Tianshu(ST25),2 cones for one point each time,once a day for 30 d with 1-day rest every week;rats in the inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injection of KDM4D inhibitor,5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline(5-c-8HQ),once a day for 30 d.After intervention,the general condition,colon length,tumor number and volume,and histopathological colon changes were observed.The expression of adenomatous polyposis coli(APC),axis inhibitor(Axin),cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-7 and MMP-9 mRNAs were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),cleaved caspase3,KDM4D,APC,and Axin proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with the normal group,the general condition was poor,the colon length was significantly shortened(P<0.01),the number and volume of colonic tumors were increased(P<0.01),the structure of glandular duct was obviously disordered with"back-to-back"and cowall phenomenon,and also high-grade adenocarcinoma formed;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly increased(P<0.01),while cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were significantly increased(P<0.01),while APC and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01)in the CAC group.Compared with the CAC group,the general condition was improved,the length of colon was significantly increased(P<0.01),the number and volume of the colonic tumors were reduced(P<0.05),and the colon tissues showed epithelial cell proliferation with enlarged and deep staining nuclei,dysplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly increased(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were reduced(P<0.05),while the APC and Axin were increased(P<0.05)in the colon tissues of rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the inhibitor group. Conclusion:Herb cake-partitioned moxibustion regulated abnormally expressed KDM4D in CAC rats,activated APC and Axin,the upstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway,inhibited abnormally activated downstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.This may be a key mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion in inhibiting CAC tumor growth.

Objective By comparing the fatigue strength of type A and type B locking compression plates (LCP) in distal femoral plate, a theoretical evaluation method was provided for type selection of bone plate when testing its bending strength and fatigue performance. Methods Through bending strength performance test and fatigue performance test on bone plates with different types, combined with ANSYS Workbench, the finite element analysis on total deformation, von Mises stress and fatigue service life of bone plates were conducted. Results The fatigue strength of type A plate was 30.7% higher than that of type B plate, the stress of type A plate was lower than that of type B plate, and the minimum fatigue service life of type A plate was 17% higher than that of type B plate. Conclusions The fatigue performance of type A plate is better than that of type B plate, so the failure possibility of type A plate was lower than that of type B plate.The results provide references for assisting selection of different bone plates when testing the performance of two newly developed bone plates.

Objective:To explore the effect of hip arthroscopy on improving the cross-sectional kinematics of the lower limbs in patients with femoral acetabular impingement (FAI).Methods:Eight FAI patients who underwent hip arthroscopy in the Department of Sports Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital from October 2021 to February 2022 were prospectively included, including 3 males and 5 females, with an age of 35.3±13.0 years (range 17-53 years), height of 168.0±12.8 cm (range 154-192 cm), weight of 61.1±8.5 kg (range 52-74 kg) and body mass index of 21.7±2.6 kg/m 2 (range 17.6-24.5 kg/m 2). There were 3 left hips and 5 right hips. FADIR (flexion, adduction and internal rotation test) was positive in all patients and FABER (flexion, abduction and external rotation test) was positive in 4 patients. Modified Harris hip score (mHHS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) of the affected hip joint were compared before the surgery and at the follow-up of 10 months. By using a markerless motion capture system, foot progression angles during normal gait, double-leg squat, forward lunge, single-leg standing and stepping in place were measured and compared before the surgery and at the follow-up of 10 months postoperative results. Results:All the 8 patients underwent the surgery successfully and were followed up for 11.0±1.2 months. The mHHS scores before the surgery and at the follow-up of 10 months were 60.9±20.5 vs. 82.9±7.3 with significant difference ( t=-3.07, P=0.018). The iHOT-12 scores before the surgery and at the follow-up of 10 months for the affected hips were 51.4±23.7 vs. 79.2±14.6 with significant difference ( t=-3.76, P=0.007). The VAS scores before the surgery and at the follow-up of 10 months were 4.6±2.3 vs. 1.5±0.9 with significant difference ( t=3.16, P=0.016). There was no significant difference in foot progression angle between the healthy side and the affected side for all movement trials before the surgery and at the follow-up of 10 months ( P>0.05). During normal gait, the postoperative and preoperative foot progression angles for the healthy side and the affected side were 26.52°±5.97 vs. 34.4°±7.20° and 24.41°±3.70° vs. 30.80°±6.43°with significant reduction ( t=2.83, P=0.013; t=3.05, P=0.041). While there was no significant difference in foot progression angles for double-leg squat, forward lunge, single-leg standing and stepping in place before the surgery and at the follow-up of 10 months ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Hip arthroscopy can change the cross-sectional kinematic characteristics of the lower limbs, potentially improving the progression angle in FAI patients.