Purpose In order to find out a means that can both meet clinical requirements and reduce radiation dosage in the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction, the study aims to evaluate the image quality and the radiation dose of low tube voltage enhanced CT (100 kVp) in displaying malignant biliary obstruction in metal stents. Materials and Methods Between January 2012 and March 2014, 9 patients with highly suspected recurrent occlusion after biliary stent procedure were admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and underwent high resolution three-phase dynamic enhanced CT scan. The CT images on portal veinal phase were reconstructed through the curved planar reformation and the CT values of 184 slices were evaluated along the pathway of the biliary stent. The reconstructed image quality was analyzed when the tube voltage was 140 kVp and 100 kVp respectively, and the different tumor-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for each lesion, mean image noise, and figure of merit (FOM) between the two data sets were also compared. Results As the tube voltage decreased from 140 to 100 kVp, image noise increased from (19.88±3.62) HU to (24.22±4.24) HU (P<0.001), CNR increased by 15% and FOM improved by 50%. Conclusion A low tube voltage CT technique (100 kVp) improves tumor-to-liver CNR and significantly reduces radiation dose, therefore it is valuable in the manifestation of malignant obstruction in metal stents.

Objective To evaluate the application of embolic material, iron oxide nanoparticles?lipiodol?gelatin in the improvement of therapeutic effect of microwave ablation in vitrogelatin phantom model and in vivo VX2 renal tumors model. Methods After preparing new embolic material containing nano Fe2O3, in vitro model experiment was firstly conducted to verify the temperature distribution of the microwave ablation. Further verification was performed in bilateral renal VX2 tumors in rabbit model. A total of 10 (20 kidneys) New Zealand White rabbits bearing renal VX2 tumors were treated by renal artery embolization and CT guided microwave ablation, in which left kidneys were treated by material containing nano Fe2O3 in iodized oil and right kidneys were treated by renal embolization with super liquid iodized oil as a control. The same microwave ablation time and power were used for both kidneys. CT perfusion and histopathological examinations were performed to determine the renal perfusion parameters, tumor histopathology and tumor?related angiogenesis. Results In vitro experiments, when nano Fe2O3 was present in the local area at 1cm from the microwave needle at 20 and 60, the temperature reached(59.1 ± 1.7)° C, (95.5 ± 4.5)° C vs.(31.1 ± 2.5)and(45.6 ± 3.5)° C in the controls. Our present results strongly suggested that local nano Fe2O3 particles absorbed microwave and shielded microwave energy transferring to the surrounding tissue. Before and immediately after renal VX2 tumor embolization, blood flow significantly reduced from (31.4 ± 10.6) to (6.1 ± 9.9) ml · 100 ml-1 · min-1. Our pathology findings indicated nano Fe2O3?lipiodol-gelatin embolic agent stored in endovascular regions, while no penetration into the renal parenchyma happened. Conclusions This in vitro model and in vivo experiment suggest that the new embolic material containing nano Fe2O3 may help to improve heat efficiency of MWA microwave, and it is feasible to administer it through transcatheter arterial embolization approach for the microwave ablation therapy of kidney cancer.

BACKGROUND: The contact lenses were easily contaminated by adsorbing components from the tear film, particularly protein after wearing for a period of time. Lysozyme adsorption dynamics of fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses has been studied in order to further improve data of protein adsorption, reduce adsorbing amount of surface protein, and prevent surface contamination of contact lenses.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adsorption dynamics of fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses to lysozyme in vitro. METHODS: A stock solution of lysozyme was prepared in Hanks balanced salt solution (2.0 g/L, solution Ⅰ) and different trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) concentrations were prepared. Recovery experiment, the contact lenses were placed in shaking incubator at 37 ℃ for varying time intervals. After incubation there was a single rinsing in Hanks balanced salt solution. Contact lenses in control group were placed in diluted water, and contact lenses in the other group were placed in different concentrations of TFA. For deposition, FSA contact lenses in experimental group were placed in shaking incubator at 37 ℃ for varying time intervals. After incubation there was a single rinsing in Hanks balanced salt solution. Then FSA contact lenses were immersed in 0.2% TFA solution. The amount of lysozyme was assayed with BCA method.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lysozyme which attached to fluorosilicone acrylate contact lenses could be resolved by TFA, and the recovery was influenced by the immersed time and the concentration of TFA. The optimal time was 1 hour, and the optimum concentration was 0.2%. The adsorption dynamics of lysozyme on FSA contact lenses was a second-phased process, i.e., lysozyme adsorption increased rapidly during 10 minutes-1 hour, reached a plateau at 1 hour, stably adsorbed during 1-24 hours, and reached a saturation of 0.349 mg/cm~2. The recovery of lysozyme was lower at 10 and 30 minutes, but reached 90%-100% while the time of incubation was between 40 minutes and 24 hours.

Objective:To investigate the effect of scutellarin on P-gp protein expression and activity in Caco-2 cells. Methods:Scutellarin(25,50 and 100 μmol·L-1 )was incubated with Caco-2 cells respectively for 24 h,48 h and 72 h. The expression of P-gp was determined by western blot assay and the activity of P-gp was determined by Rhodamine-123 assay. Results:P-gp protein ex-pression levels were significantly increased by scutelarin. After the incubation for 24 h with scutellarin,P-gp protein expression was up-regulated 2. 34-,2. 65-and 2. 00-fold in Caco-2 cells. After the incubation with scutellarin for 48 h,P-gp protein expression was up-regulated 2. 70-,4. 66-and 3. 13-fold. After the incubation with scutellarin for 72 h,P-gp protein expression was up-regulated 2. 82-, 2. 62-and 1. 84-fold. The intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 was significantly decreased by scutellarin,indicating that the ef-flux transport activity of P-gp was increased by scutellarin in Caco-2 cells. Conclusion:Scutellarin can significantly up-regulate P-gp protein expression and increase the efflux transport activity of P-gp in Caco-2 cells.

BACKGROUND:Although several prosthetic methods, such as artificial denture and dental implants, are clinical therapies to tooth loss, they are thought to have safety and usage time issues. With the development of biological and biomaterial sciences, recently, tooth tissue engineering has attracted more and more attention.
OBJECTIVE:To reflect advances and problems of tissue engineering technologies for promotion of tooth regeneration.
METHODS:Using the keywords of“tissue engineering, tooth regeneration”in English and Chinese, PubMed and CNKI databases from 2007 to 2013 were retrieved. A total of 65 literatures addressing tooth regeneration and tissue engineering were col ected, including 25 Chinese articles and 40 English articles. Published early, repetitive, and similar researches were excluded. Final y, 48 articles were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The combination of stem cells and suitable scaffolds is widely used in tooth regeneration today, and growth factors or bone marrow which can produce promote tooth regeneration are added as wel , which has achieved partial or whole tooth regeneration. But there are apparent deficiencies in studies which focus on mechanisms behind tooth regeneration.

A reversed phase HPLC method for determination of hydroxylsafflower yellow A in safflower W/O cream was established. The column was Zorbax Eclipse C18 column(4. 6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), and the mobile phase was composed of methanol, acetonitrile and 0. 02% phosphoric acid solution(26 ∶2〓 ∶72). The flow rate of mobile phase was set at 1. 0 mL/min, and the column temperature was kept at 55 °C. The detection wavelength was 403 nm. Safflower W/O cream was successively demulsified with methanol at high temperature and followed by the addition of purified water for the extraction. The results showed that the excipients did not interfere with the chromatographic peak of hydroxylsafflower yellow A. Hydroxylsafflower yellow A presented a good linear relationship in the range of 1. 236- 12. 36 μg/mL(y=156. 17x+1. 198 3, r=0. 999 5), and the detection limit was 23. 6 ng/mL with the quantitative limit of 118 ng/mL. The percentage of extracting recovery was in the range of 99. 7% to 103. 3%. The precision RSD was 0. 12%(n=6), and the sample stability was acceptable when being stored at room temperature for 24 h. The developed method in this study was simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for the determination of hydroxylsafflower yellow A in safflower W/O cream.

Objective: To investigate the epidemilogical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control measures for the construction of "TB-free city". Methods: The data of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023 was collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Management System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The onset time, region, and population distribution characteristics of the cases were described. Results: A total of 11 598 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Huzhou City from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual incidence of 37.42/105. The reported incidence decreased from 47.50/105 in 2014 to 28.36/105 in 2023 (P<0.05), with an annual decline rate of 5.57%. There were 6 304 etiological positive cases, accounting for 54.35%. The peak season for pulmonary tuberculosis cases was from March to September, with the highest seasonal ratio of 112.48% in May. The average annual reported incidence rates in Anji County and Changxing County were relatively high (46.14/105 and 41.15/105). The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City increased with age (P<0.05), peaking at 97.36/105 in the group aged 75 to <80 years. There were 7 991 male pulmonary tuberculosis cases and 3 607 female cases, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.22∶1. The average annual incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis was higher in males than in females (50.39/105 vs. 23.87/105). Farmers were the primary occupation affected, with 6 350 cases accounting for 54.75%. Conclusions The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huzhou City decreased from 2014 to 2023, with a high incidence in spring and summer. The incidence rates in Anji County and Changxing County were higher than Huzhou City's average. Male, elderly residents and farmers were the key populations for pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control.

To improve the oral bioavailability of insulin, an insulin-loaded enteric polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles(INS-NPs L100)was prepared using methoxy PEG-poly(D, L-lactide)(PEG-PLA), phospholipid s75 and Eudragit L100; in vitro and in vivo behaviors of INS-NPs L100 were evaluated. Insulin-loaded polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles(INS-NPs)were prepared by W/O/W double emulsion solvent evaporation method. INS-NPs formulation was optimized by single factor experiment using encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and in vitro release behavior of the corresponding INS-NPs L100 as evaluation indexes. The morphology, in vitro drug release profile and hypoglycemic effect of the INS-NPs L100 using the optimal INS-NPs and Eudragit® L100(used as enteric polymer)were assessed. The results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of the optimal INS-NPs was(62. 18±4. 51)%. The average particle size, PDI and Zeta potential was(225. 2±94. 3)nm, 0. 191±0. 068, and -(14. 84±1. 26)mV, respectively. The cumulative drug release from the INS-NPs L100 was only 8. 01% at 2 h in pH 1. 0 HCl solution, exhibiting a slow drug release behavior; while the drug release from INS-NPs L100 was 67. 31% at 6 h in phosphate buffer of pH 6. 8. Mereorer, after oral administration of INS-NPs L100 with a dose of 38 IU/kg, the blood glucose concentration of healthy rats was reduced to 76% of the initial values at 3. 5 h, exhibiting a sustained hypoglycemic effect. In summary, the INS-NPs L100 prepared in this study could effectively decrease the release rate of insulin in gastric juice, improve the stability of protein in the gastrointestinal tract, and provide a new approach for the oral administration of peptides and protein drugs.

Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community’s understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.

Objective:To explore the effect of subject-centered informed consent in nursing research.Methods:We adopted the subject-centered informed consent in a pilot study on precision symptom in breast cancer patients.Specific measures were taken included offering training for researchers about skills regarding subject-centered informed consent,standardizing the explanation for the informed consent forms,allowing sufficient time for subjects to read the informed consent forms,encouraging subjects to raise questions to researchers,confirming that the subject were fully informed and understood the contents,subjects and researchers jointly signing,and finally,using the checklist to review the entire process.The questions and feedback about the subject-centered informed consent were statistically analyzed.Results:Almost all of patients(96.67％) were able to read the consent forms by themselves,three subjects raised questions to the researcher after reading the forms,and all subjects in our study were satisfied with the informed consent process.Conclusion:The subject-centered informed consent approach makes sure that the subjects' fights of informed consent are fully respected and is an important measure to ensure subjects' fights of informed consent.