Objective To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of residual EDTA disodium salt(EDTA-2Na) content in freeze-dried rabies vaccine(Vero cells) for human use, and to verify and preliminarily apply the method, so as to ensure the content of EDTA-2Na within the safe concentration range.Methods The condition for HPLC was as follows: reverse chromatographic column was adopted, using the mobile phase consisting of 0. 1%phosphate solution as the aqueous phase and 100% methanol as the organic phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 242 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL, and the column temperature was 25 ℃. The developed method was verified for suitability, limit of quantitation(LOQ), specificity, linear range, accuracy, reproducibility, and intermediate precision, and the residual EDTA-2Na contents in thr ee batches of bulk of freeze-dried rabies vaccine(Vero cells) for human use were determined using this method.Results The LOQ of EDTA-2Na detected by this method was 0. 490 0 μg/mL. The blank and sample solution had no interference to EDTA-2Na, and the separation degree of the target and adjacent peaks was more than 1. 5. EDTA-2Na showed good linearity in the concentration range of 0. 490 0 to 9. 800 0 μg/mL. The recovery rates of EDTA-2Na in spiked samples at concentrations of 50%, 100% and 150% were from 94% to 113%. The recovery rates of EDTA-2Na in six solutions of reproducibility verification ranged from 100% to 102%, with a relative standard deviation(RSD) of 1%. A total of 12 solutions of intermediate precision verification from different personnel were measured, and the RSD of recovery rate was 2%. In addition, EDTA-2Na was not detected in three batches of samples.Conclusion The developed HPLC has good suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, reproducibility and intermediate precision, which is suitable for the determination of residual EDTA-2Na in bulk of freeze-dried rabies vaccine(Vero cells) for human use.

Military medical equipment develops rapidly in the 10th five-year-plan,but the low utilization rate still widely remains.One of the deep-seated reasons for this problem is the unreasonable element of the establishment system in military medical organization.This paper suggests reforming the military medical organization establishment system boldly,adjusting the existing power of medical service,concentrating the limited manpower & material resource and strengthening the construction of division hospital so as to fully exert the efficiency of medical equipment and improve the ability of medical service support.

To study the effect of using a steel stainless intrauterine device(IUD) on the incidence of anemia and iron deficiency and thus to find a suitable way to prevent or cure it, the serum ferritin level of 176 women bearing such an IUD was determined (FER-IRON kit, Ramco laboratories, USA). As compared with the control group which was composed of 163 women having been performed with tubal sterilization, no distinct difference in hemoglobin levels and red cell counts was observed, but the serum ferritin level in IUD-bearing group decreased markedly (26.6?1.4 vs. 36.3?2.2 ng/ml, pears). When treated with ferrous sulfate (0.3 g, t.i.d.) for 7 days, the ferritin level of the group of these IUD users raised up to that of the control group rapidly. It was suggested that the supplement of iron in time for the IUD users suffering from menorrhagia was necessary and efficient.

The distribution features of studies on reading popularization in CNKI-covered CSSCI papers were demonstrated from the aspects of their annual distribution, core authors and institution co-occurrence network by bibliometric, visualization and contents analysis.The study hot spots in the two development periods of reading popularization were displayed in the form of knowledge map with the study contents assessed in brief in order provide certain reference for the creative development of reading popularization theories and practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of endoscopic esophageal variceal ligation (EVL)in the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB)in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods A total of 84 liver cirrhosis patients with EVB who were admitted to The Third People′s Hospital of Shenzhen,Guangdong Medical University,from December 2010 to July 2013 were divided into ligation group (group A,treated with EVL combined with somatostatin and esomeprazole)and control group (group B,treated with somatostatin and es-omeprazole),with 42 patients in each group.The hemostasis rate,rebleeding rate,incidence rate of complications,and mortality rate were observed in both groups,as well as the variceal eradication rate after EVL and risk factors for early rebleeding.The t -test was used for com-parison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups,and an analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups;the Mann -Whitney U test was used for comparison of non -normally distributed continuous data between two groups,the Wilcoxon signed -rank sum test was used for comparison within each group,and the Kruskal -Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups.The chi -square test or Fisher′s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The Kaplan -Meier method was used to calculate survival rates,and the log -rank test was used to compare survival rates between groups.The logistic regression meth-od was used to investigate the influencing factors for dichotomous data.Results There was a significant difference in the hemostasis rate be-tween groups A and B (97.62% vs 80.95%,P =0.029).Compared with group B,group A had significantly lower rebleeding rates in 1 -2 years (15.38% vs 38.89%,χ2 =5.323,P =0.021)and 2 -3 years (15.38% vs 48.48%,χ2 =10.448,P =0.001).A total of 14 patients (33.33%)in group A and 7 patients (16.67%)in group B experienced adverse events,and 4 patients in group A and 9 patients in group B died within 3 years.Group A had significant improvements in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and aspartate amin-otransferase at 1 week after treatment (Z =-2.177 and -2.044,P =0.029 and 0.041).Both groups had significant improvements in pro-thrombin time activity (PTA),prothrombin time (PT),international normalized ratio (INR),and albumin at 1 week after treatment (group A:Z =-4.007,t =3.866,Z =-4.152,t =-4.623,all P <0.001;group B:t =-5.069,Z =-3.870,Z =-3.909,Z =-5.245,all P <0.001).There was a significant difference in PTA at 1 week after treatment between the two groups (Z =-3.902,P <0.001).In group A,the overall disappearance rate of varices was 85.71% and the recurrence rate was 14.29%,and there was a signifi-cant correlation between the Child -Pugh score and diameter of the portal vein (F =3.319,P =0.047).Symptoms on admission,length of hospital stay,Child -Pugh score,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,diameter of the portal vein,PT,INR,and ALT were risk factors for ear-ly rebleeding after ligation (all P <0.05).Conclusion EVL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of EVB in patients with liver cirrhosis and causes few complications.

The effects of rapamycin on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in in vitro cultured human lens epithelial cells (LECs) and cell cycle were investigated in order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of new inhibitory drugs for clinical prevention and treatment of after-cataract. The cultured LECs of second and third passages were collected and treated with rapamycin. The LECs were transferred into 96-well culture plates and divided into 6 groups, and each group was set to have 8 duplicate wells. In the negative control group, the LECs were given culture medium only, and in the blank control group, only culture medium was given. In the four rapamycin-treated groups, different concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 ng/mL) of rapamycin were given. After treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h, the absorbance (A) values in each well were determined by MTT assay. The cell cycles of all groups were detected by using flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RFQ-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax respectively. MTT assay showed that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed that rapamycin could block the conversion of LECs from G1 phase to S phase, resulting in the increase of cells in G(1) phase and the decrease of the cells in S phase. RFQ-PCR indicated that rapamycin could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, but up-regulate the expression of Bax mRNA, suggesting it could induce apoptosis of LECs. Western blot demonstrated that rapamycin could suppress the expression of Bcl-2 protein, but promote the expression of Bax protein. It is concluded that rapamycin could inhibit proliferation of LECs probably not only by blocking the progression of cell cycle, but also by promoting the induction of apoptosis.

astaxanthin is an effective antioxidant and natural pigment which has wide application. Phaffia rhodozyma is a good source of astaxantin, but wild strain has limited use in industry because of low production level of astaxanthin. Several mutants of Phaffia rhodozyma were obtained by exerting mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The growth curve suggested that pigments were mainly produced in the middle and latter periods of log phase. The pigments were extracted from Phaffia rhodozyma and analysed by esterification, thin layer chromatography and absorption spectrometry. It was proved that astaxanthin, astaxanthin diester and β-carotene were the major components of the pigments produced by Phaffia rhodozyma. We also studied the pigments producing phase of Phaffia rhodozyma. and founded that astaxanthin was stable to light under butylatedhydroxytoluene coexistance.