Objective To observe apoptosis and its relationship between the expression of caspase-3 and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) protein in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats and to investigate the injury mechanism after intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 54 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation and intracerebral hemorrhage groups, and the latter were redivided into 3,6, 12 hours, days 1,2,3, 5, and 7 subgroups (n = 6 in each group). A model of intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by injecting 50 μL autologous tail artery blood into the caudate nucleus. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The expressions of Caspase-3 and PDCD5 was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptotic cells were found in perihematoma tissue of rats at 3 hours,they reached the peak at day 2 to day 3 and reduced gradually after 3 days. Caspose-3 and PDCD5 positive cells were found in perihematoma tissue of rats at 3 hours, they reached peak at day 1 to day 2 and reduced gradually after 3 days. The numbers of Caspase-3 (r =0. 971, P ＜0. 01 ) and PDCD5 (r = -0. 334, P ＜0. 01 ) positive cells were positively correlated with those of apoptotic cells in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Conclusions The perihematoma tissue of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats existed apoptosis, and it was consistent with the expressions of Caspase-3 and PDCD5. Caspase-3 and PDCD5 may promote apoptosis in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective:To investigate the esophageal microecology in patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC), and to compare the difference in esophageal flora between patients with esophageal cancer and healthy people.Methods:From July 2018 to July 2019, at Taihe Hospital, 82 EC patients and 20 age-and gender-matched healthy controls during the same period were selected. The pathology of EC were divided into poorly differentiated (8 cases), moderately differentiated (9 cases) and well differentiated cancers (13 cases) according to the degree of differentiation. The esophageal tissue samples of EC patients and healthy individuals were collected. Sample DNA was extracted and the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing was performed by lllumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. Alpha-diversity analysis and principal co-ordinates analysis (PCoA) were performed, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to screen different species. The random forest model was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the esophageal bacterial phenotype was predicted by BugBase database. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The Chao1 index of the EC patients was higher than that of healthy controls (362.51(284.29, 646.13) vs. 284.83(244.31, 344.74)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.857, P=0.004). The results of PCoA showed that the distance between samples of EC patients and healthy control samples was relatively close, and there was no significant difference in the composition of microecology between the two groups ( P>0.05). The abundance of esophageal Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia of EC patients were both higher than those of healthy controls (0.2% vs. 0.1%, 0.4% vs. 0), while the abundances of esophageal Proteobacteria, SR1 and TM7 phylum of EC patients were lower than those of healthy controls (21.9% vs. 34.2%, 0.1% vs. 0.2%, 0.2% vs. 0.5%), and the differences were statistically significant ( Q=0.090, 0.077, 0.010, 0.026 and 0.001, all P<0.05). The abundances of Clostridia, Elostridiales, Pasteurella, Pasteurellaceae, Eikenella, Actinobacillus and Haemophilus in poorly differentiated patients, moderately differentiated and higher differentiated patients were 28.3%, 24.2% and 17.0%, 28.3%, 24.2% and 17.0%, 3.2%, 0.3% and 5.0%, 3.2%, 0.3% and 5.0%, 0, 1.5% and 0.1%, 0.5%, 0 and 0.7%, 1.3%, 0.2% and 3.9%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( Q=0.579, 0.557, 0.390, 0.711, 0.768, 0.768 and 0.768, all P<0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that the abundances of Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus, Odorbacterium and S24_7 of EC patients were higher than those of healthy controls (21.5% vs. 11.7%, 0.5% vs. 0.1%, 0.1% vs. 0 and 0 vs. 0), and the differences were statistically significant (LDA=2.591, 2.379, 2.790 and 2.927, all P<0.05). The ROC curve confirmed that the random forest model was reliable and the AUC value was 0.92. BugBase database phenotypic prediction showed that the phenotype of esophageal bacteria related to biofilm formation, pathogenic potential, mobile elements, oxygen demand (aerobic, anaerobic and facultative bacteria), and oxidative stress tolerance of EC patients were more abundant than those of healthy controls (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The esophageal flora of patients with esophageal cancer has changed. Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus, Odoribacterium and S24_7 may be potential biomarkers of esophageal flora.

This paper expounds the concept and introduces the assessment tools of cross-cultural nursing self-efficacy, and analyzes the current situation and progress of cross-cultural nursing self-efficacy in nursing students. Based on the research results at home and abroad, this paper also proposes the development direction of future research on cross-cultural nursing self-efficacy.

Objective To prepare diosmin suppository and establish a method for its quality control.Methods Diosmin was used as active ingredient.Polyethylene glycol 6000, polyethylene glycol 400 and glycerol were chosen as substrates.Fusion method was applied to prepare the diosmin suppository.The appearance, content uniformity, weight variation and melting time of suppository were evaluated.Results The diosmin suppository has brown color with good hardness at room temperature.The content uniformity, weight variation, melting time and dissolution rate meet the requirements of quality control.Conclusion The diosmin suppository prepared by this method was satisfied the quality requirements of suppository and serves as a new formulation of diosmin.

Objective The research aims to optimize the hospital research performance appraisal ,clarify the scientific characteristics and possible shortages of different clinic departments in various types ,to enhance the effectiveness of research performance appraisal .Methods Descriptive statistics were used to generalize hospital research performance appraisal in 2017 . Hierarchical clustering was used to cluster and analyze performance appraisal characteristics of 75 clinic departments .Results SCI papers (405) ,National projects (181) and National core journal papers (106) took 75 .2％ of total average score .The op-timal solution of the cluster was 6 types for 75 departments and the dendrogram illustrated significant varieties among the 6 types .Six departments' types were academic-conference-oriented ,national-paper-oriented ,SCI-paper-oriented ,advanced-pro-ject-oriented ,provincial/horizontal-project-oriented and attending-conference-oriented .The percentages of the oriented indica-tors that took their total average scores were 59 .4％ ,42 .0％ ,66 .7％ ,57 .0％ ,61 .8％ ,52 .3％ .Conclusions Compared with K-means method ,the results of hierarchical clustering equipped with better characteristics and interpretative power .Research performance appraisal has been further optimized .Departments in different types showed significant characteristics and weak-nesses ,which provides managers with effective guidance on countermeasures .

Objective:To investigate the reparative efficacy and mechanism of pressure-adjustable macroporous antibacterial hydrogel in the treatment of infected wounds.Methods:Staphylococcus aureus was used to establish wound infection models in healthy C57BL/6 mice. The models were divided into 3 groups subjected to 3 different treatments: a negative control group with no hydrogel treatment (group A), a control group treated by common medical hydrogel (group B) and an experiment group treated by pressure-adjustable macroporous antibacterial hydrogel (group C). On days 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12, the effects of 3 treatments were compared on the wound area and the number of bacterial colonies under scab, on the apoptosis of fibroblasts based on the changes of type Ⅰ procollagen, and on the inhibition of inflammation during wound repair by detecting the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).Results:On days 1 and 3, there was no significant difference between the 3 groups in the wound area ( P>0.05), but on days 6, 9 and 12, there were significant differences between the 3 groups in the wound area ( P<0.05). On day 6, the wound areas in group B (1.23 cm 2 ± 0.16 cm 2) and in group C (1.14 cm 2 ± 0.12 cm 2) were significantly smaller than that in group A (1.56 cm 2 ± 0.16 cm 2) ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups B and C ( P>0.05). On days 9 and 12, the wound areas in group B (0.97 cm 2 ± 0.13 cm 2 and 0.76 cm 2 ± 0.10 cm 2) and in group C (0.66 cm 2 ± 0.06 cm 2 and 0.48 cm 2 ± 0.07 cm 2) were significantly smaller than those in group A (1.49 cm 2 ± 0.11 cm 2 and 1.39 cm 2 ± 0.13 cm 2), and those in group C were significantly smaller than those in group B (all P<0.05). On day 1, there was no significant difference between the 3 groups in the number of bacterial colonies under scab ( P>0.05). On days 3, 6, 9 and 12, the numbers of bacterial colonies under scab in groups B and C were significantly smaller than that in group A ( P<0.05), and that in group C was significantly smaller than that in group B ( P< 0.05). The nucleic acid electrophoresis showed that the grayscale bands in group C were significantly darker than those in groups A and B. The early apoptosis rate of the fibroblasts in group C[low-right positive fluorescence (LR%): 9.72%] was significantly lower than that in group A (43.99%) and that in group B (38.43%), and that in group B was significantly lower than that in group A ( P<0.05). On day 12, the ratio of the gray values of IL-6 and β-actin (0.64 ± 0.10) and the ratio of the gray values of TNF-α and β-actin (0.34 ± 0.05) in the fibroblasts in group C were significantly higher than those in group A (1.22 ± 0.21 and 0.60 ± 0.14) and in group B (0.88 ± 0.02 and 0.41 ± 0.06) ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The pressure-adjustable macroporous antibacterial hydrogel is an effective treatment of infected wounds and its mechanism may be related to the reduced apoptosis of fibroblasts.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of deep learning-based restoration of obscured thyroid ultrasound images.Methods:A total of 358 images of thyroid nodules were retropectively collected from January 2020 to October 2021 at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the images were randomly masked and restored using DeepFillv2. The difference in grey values between the images before and after restoration was compared, and 6 sonographers (2 chief physicians, 2 attending physicians, 2 residents) were invited to compare the rate of correctness of judgement and detection of image discrepancies. The ultrasound features of thyroid nodules (solid composition, microcalcifications, markedly hypoechoic, ill-defined or irregular margins, or extrathyroidal extensions, vertical orientation and comet-tail artifact) were extracted according to the Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS). The consistency of ultrasound features of thyroid nodules before and after restoration were compared.Results:The mean squared error of the images before and after restoration ranged from 0.274 to 0.522, and there were significant differences in the rate of correctness of judgement and detection of image discrepancies between physicians of different groups(all P<0.001). The overall accuracy rate was 51.95%, the overall detection rate was 1.79%, there were significant differences also within the chief physicians and resident groups (all P<0.001). The agreement rate of all ultrasound features of the nodules before and after image restoration was higher than 70%, over 90% agreement rate for features such as solid composition and comet-tail artifact. Conclusions:The algorithm can effectively repair obscured thyroid ultrasound images while preserving image features, which is expected to expand the deep learning image database, and promote the development of deep learning in the field of ultrasound images.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Euphorbia helioscopia aqueous extract （EHE） on mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and its influence on precancerous lesion-associated proteins in lung tissues induced by cigarette smoke （CS）. MethodThe COPD model was induced by CS in 60 mice and the model mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， positive drug group （dexamethasone， 2 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose EHE groups （1.875， 3.75， 7.5 g·kg^-1）. The high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was used to determine the related components in EHE. The changes in end-expiratory pause （EEP）， airway resistance （Penh）， expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity （EF50）， and other pulmonary function indexes were detected by the spirometer. The levels of inflammatory factors， such as interleukin （IL）-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， and IL-27 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of mice were detected by high-throughput liquid protein chip technology. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to detect the pathological changes in lung tissues in mice. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in lung tissues was determined by the colorimetric method. The mRNA relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and matrix metalloproteinase-12 （MMP-12） was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of tumor protein （P53） and cell proliferation-associated antigen （Ki67） in lung tissues， and Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of tumor suppressor protein （P16）， DNA （cytosine-5）-methyltransferase 1 （DNMT1）， and fragile histidine triad （FHIT） in lung tissues. ResultThe results showed that the main compounds in EHE included phenols （gallic acid and protocatechuic acid） and flavonoids （such as hyperoside， rutin， myricetin， naringenin， quercetin， luteolin， kaempferol， and licorice chalcone A）， among which gallic acid and rutin were the highest in content. Compared with normal group， model group showed increased levels of EEP， EF50， and Penh （P<0.05）， and showed increased MDA and MPO levels （P<0.01） and decreased GSH-Px （P<0.01）， and the model group displayed increased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the model group exhibited up-regulated expression of P53， Ki67， and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.01） and down-regulated expression of DNMT1 and P16 （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the EHE groups showed decreased EEP and EF50 levels （P<0.05）. The pathological injury of lung tissues in mice of the model group was observed under HE staining， and the pathological injury of basal cell hyperplasia of lung tissues was gradually improved after treatment with EHE. The EHE groups showed reduced levels of MDA and MPO （P<0.01） and increased GSH-Px （P<0.01）. The EHE groups displayed decreased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the EHE groups showed down-regulated Ki67 and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.05） and up-regulated expression of P53 and DNMT1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionEHE can protect mice from COPD and inhibit precancerous lesions， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress response， regulation of protease and antiprotease imbalance， and regulation of epithelial cell growth.

Objective:Glioblastoma(GBM)and brain metastases(BMs)are the two most common malignant brain tumors in adults.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a commonly used method for screening and evaluating the prognosis of brain tumors,but the specificity and sensitivity of conventional MRI sequences in differential diagnosis of GBM and BMs are limited.In recent years,deep neural network has shown great potential in the realization of diagnostic classification and the establishment of clinical decision support system.This study aims to apply the radiomics features extracted by deep learning techniques to explore the feasibility of accurate preoperative classification for newly diagnosed GBM and solitary brain metastases(SBMs),and to further explore the impact of multimodality data fusion on classification tasks. Methods:Standard protocol cranial MRI sequence data from 135 newly diagnosed GBM patients and 73 patients with SBMs confirmed by histopathologic or clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.First,structural T1-weight,T1C-weight,and T2-weight were selected as 3 inputs to the entire model,regions of interest(ROIs)were manually delineated on the registered three modal MR images,and multimodality radiomics features were obtained,dimensions were reduced using a random forest(RF)-based feature selection method,and the importance of each feature was further analyzed.Secondly,we used the method of contrast disentangled to find the shared features and complementary features between different modal features.Finally,the response of each sample to GBM and SBMs was predicted by fusing 2 features from different modalities. Results:The radiomics features using machine learning and the multi-modal fusion method had a good discriminatory ability for GBM and SBMs.Furthermore,compared with single-modal data,the multimodal fusion models using machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine(SVM),Logistic regression,RF,adaptive boosting(AdaBoost),and gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)achieved significant improvements,with area under the curve(AUC)values of 0.974,0.978,0.943,0.938,and 0.947,respectively;our comparative disentangled multi-modal MR fusion method performs well,and the results of AUC,accuracy(ACC),sensitivity(SEN)and specificity(SPE)in the test set were 0.985,0.984,0.900,and 0.990,respectively.Compared with other multi-modal fusion methods,AUC,ACC,and SEN in this study all achieved the best performance.In the ablation experiment to verify the effects of each module component in this study,AUC,ACC,and SEN increased by 1.6%,10.9%and 15.0%,respectively after 3 loss functions were used simultaneously. Conclusion:A deep learning-based contrast disentangled multi-modal MR radiomics feature fusion technique helps to improve GBM and SBMs classification accuracy.

BACKGROUND:Heterotopic ossification is a dynamic growth process.Diverse heterotopic ossification subtypes have diverse etiologies or induction factors,but they exhibit a similar clinical process in the intermediate and later phases of the disease.Acquired heterotopic ossification produced by trauma and other circumstances has a high incidence. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the molecular biological mechanisms linked to the occurrence and progression of acquired heterotopic ossification in recent years. METHODS:The keywords"molecular biology,heterotopic ossification,mechanisms"were searched in CNKI,Wanfang,PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases for articles published from January 2016 to August 2022.Supplementary searches were conducted based on the obtained articles.After the collected literature was screened,131 articles were finally included and summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The occurrence and development of acquired heterotopic ossification is a dynamic process with certain concealment,making diagnosis and treatment of the disease difficult.(2)By reviewing relevant literature,it was found that acquired heterotopic ossification involves signaling pathways such as bone morphogenetic protein,transforming growth factor-β,Hedgehog,Wnt,and mTOR,as well as core factors such as Runx-2,vascular endothelial growth factor,hypoxia-inducing factor,fibroblast growth factor,and Sox9.The core mechanism may be the interaction between different signaling pathways,affecting the body's osteoblast precursor cells,osteoblast microenvironment,and related cytokines,thereby affecting the body's bone metabolism and leading to the occurrence of acquired heterotopic ossification.(3)In the future,it is possible to take the heterotopic ossification-related single-cell osteogenic homeostasis as the research direction,take the osteoblast precursor cells-osteogenic microenvironment-signaling pathways and cytokines as the research elements,explore the characteristics of each element under different temporal and spatial conditions,compare the similarities and differences of the osteogenic homeostasis of different types and individuals,observe the regulatory mechanism of the molecular signaling network of heterotopic ossification from a holistic perspective.It is beneficial to the exploration of new methods for the future clinical prevention and treatment of heterotopic ossification.(4)Meanwhile,the treatment methods represented by traditional Chinese medicine and targeted therapy have become research hotspots in recent years.How to link traditional Chinese medicine with the osteogenic homeostasis in the body and combine it with targeted therapy is also one of the future research directions.(5)At present,the research on acquired heterotopic ossification is still limited to basic experimental research and the clinical prevention and treatment methods still have defects such as uncertain efficacy and obvious side effects.The safety and effectiveness of relevant targeted prevention and treatment drugs in clinical application still need to be verified.Future research should focus on clinical prevention and treatment based on basic experimental research combined with the mechanism of occurrence and development.