OBJECTIVE:To investigate the occurrence of ADR induced by over-the-counter(OTC)drug in order to guide the rational use of drugs. METHODS:45 cases of ADR induced by OTC drug were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patient's gen-eral information,allergic history,allergenic drugs,reason for drug use,route of administration,incubation period,days of hospi-talization,clinical manifestation,treatment,outcome,etc. RESULTS:Among 45 patients,there were 14 male and 31 female. The patients were mainly 20-30 year-old(31.1%). Three patients had previous history of allergy(6.7%). Most ADR were induced by oral drugs(82.2%). Reasons for drug use were mainly disease of respiratory system(23 cases,51.1%). The results of causality as-sessment were positive in 3 patients(6.7%),probable in 35(n=77.8%),and possible in 7 patients(15.6%). ADR were mainly induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs,57.8%),Chinese patent medicine (20.0%),drugs for external use (17.8%). The clinical manifestations mainly included exanthematous drug eruption (33.3%),erythama multiforme drug eruption (24.4%),urticarial drug eruption(13.3%). CONCLUSIONS:NSAIDs are the main allergenic drugs,and ADR induced by OTC traditional Chinese medicine can not be ignored. To improve medical knowledge and skills of the public and the scientific use of OTC drug are beneficial to improve the clinical treatment level.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed to assess the ability of tone recognition performance for postlingually deafed cochlear implanted adults using no-duration tone test materials. METHOD: Sixteen cochlear implanted users have used their devices at least six months. Ten monosyllabic syllables were selected, and combined with four lexical tones which were made up of 40 tone tokens. Then, these original words were recorded using one adult male and one adult female native Beijing Mandarin speaker. The speakers were asked to record these 40 monosyllabic words multiple times, and the 80 tokens in which the durations of four tones in each monosyllabic word were within 5 ms precision were chosen as the original tone tokens. The subjects were asked to perform a four alternative forced-choice study and select the tone they had heard. RESULT: The mean score of lexical tone perception tasks for 16 cochlear implanted users is (70.7 ± 22.0)%, and Tone 4 was the easiest to perceive, while Tone 2 was the hardest for cochlear implanted subjects to perceive. Tone 1 was more often misperceived as Tone 2 relative to other tones. Tone 2 was more often misperceived as Tone 1 and 3. Tone 3 was more often misperceived as Tone 2. The tone perception performance was positively correlated with duration of hearing aid use. CONCLUSION Duration cues may impact on the ability of tone recognition performance for cochlear implant subjects, especially for tone 3. Due to the limited ability for cochlear implant subjects on pitch perception, tone l and tone 2, and tone 2 and tone 3 are most often confused with each other without duration cues. The experience of hearing aid use may benefit for postlingual deafness cochlear implant recipients on tone perception performance.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Female ; Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Pitch Perception ; Speech Perception ; Tongue

Objective To investigate the changes of event-related potentials (ERPs) in patients with intelligence impairments after craniocerebral trauma.Methods 60 patients with intelligence impairments after craniocerebral trauma were enrolled as case group,and 60 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group.EEG instrument was used to record P300 and P50 of the two groups and the differences in P300 and P50 components were compared.Results There are significant differences between case group and control group in latency of P300 ((440.430 ± 77.367) ms vs (342.928 ± 36.175) ms,P＜ 0.01),and case group showed decreased amplitude ((12.692±8.152) μV vs (18.138±6.590) μV,P＜0.01).The S2-P50 amplitude of case group was significantly higher than that of control group ((3.75± 1.59) μV vs (2.42±1.43) μV,P＜0.01).In addition,the S2-P50 amplitude/S1-P50 amplitude ratio of case group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (0.78±0.54 vs 0.46±0.18,P＜0.01).The latency and amplitude of P300 were significantly correlated with the total score of WAIS-RC (r=-0.31,P＜0.01;r=0.17,P＜0.01);The amplitude of S2-P50 and the ratio of S2-P50 amplitude to S1-P50 amplitude were significantly negatively correlated with the total score of WAIS-RC (r=-0.33,P＜0.01;r=-0.45,P＜0.01).Conclusion P300 and P50 components of ERP can provide references for judicial expertise to evaluate intelligence impairments after craniocerebral trauma.

Objective To study the effect of epithelial cell transformation sequence 2 (ECT2) on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and its mechanism. Methods We transfected cervical cancer cells HeLa (HeLa-ECT2) with the lentivirus overexpressing ECT2 and the cells SiHa (SiHa-siRNA) and C33a (C33a-siRNA) with the interfering plasmid. MTT assay was performed to detect cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the cell cycle of each group. The IPA database was searched for the interacting proteins of ETC2, and immunofluorescence subcellular localization verified the effect between the two. qPCR and Western blot were carried out to detect the expression of Rac1, Cdc42, CDK1, and Cyclin B1 mRNA and protein in each group of cells. Results ECT2 may interact with CDK1. After ECT2 expression was upregulated, the G₂/M phase of HeLa-ECT2 cells accelerated the transformation to G₁ phase, cell proliferation ability was enhanced, and the expression levels of Rac1, Cdc42, CDK1, and cyclin B1 mRNA and protein all increased (P < 0.001); the knockdown of ECT2 expression would reverse the effect (P < 0.05). Conclusion ECT2 accelerates G₂ phase of cervical cancer cells to G₁ phase and promotes cell proliferation by co-localizing with CDK1 through the downstream Cdc42/Rac1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the reparative efficacy and mechanism of pressure-adjustable macroporous antibacterial hydrogel in the treatment of infected wounds.Methods:Staphylococcus aureus was used to establish wound infection models in healthy C57BL/6 mice. The models were divided into 3 groups subjected to 3 different treatments: a negative control group with no hydrogel treatment (group A), a control group treated by common medical hydrogel (group B) and an experiment group treated by pressure-adjustable macroporous antibacterial hydrogel (group C). On days 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12, the effects of 3 treatments were compared on the wound area and the number of bacterial colonies under scab, on the apoptosis of fibroblasts based on the changes of type Ⅰ procollagen, and on the inhibition of inflammation during wound repair by detecting the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).Results:On days 1 and 3, there was no significant difference between the 3 groups in the wound area ( P>0.05), but on days 6, 9 and 12, there were significant differences between the 3 groups in the wound area ( P<0.05). On day 6, the wound areas in group B (1.23 cm 2 ± 0.16 cm 2) and in group C (1.14 cm 2 ± 0.12 cm 2) were significantly smaller than that in group A (1.56 cm 2 ± 0.16 cm 2) ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups B and C ( P>0.05). On days 9 and 12, the wound areas in group B (0.97 cm 2 ± 0.13 cm 2 and 0.76 cm 2 ± 0.10 cm 2) and in group C (0.66 cm 2 ± 0.06 cm 2 and 0.48 cm 2 ± 0.07 cm 2) were significantly smaller than those in group A (1.49 cm 2 ± 0.11 cm 2 and 1.39 cm 2 ± 0.13 cm 2), and those in group C were significantly smaller than those in group B (all P<0.05). On day 1, there was no significant difference between the 3 groups in the number of bacterial colonies under scab ( P>0.05). On days 3, 6, 9 and 12, the numbers of bacterial colonies under scab in groups B and C were significantly smaller than that in group A ( P<0.05), and that in group C was significantly smaller than that in group B ( P< 0.05). The nucleic acid electrophoresis showed that the grayscale bands in group C were significantly darker than those in groups A and B. The early apoptosis rate of the fibroblasts in group C[low-right positive fluorescence (LR%): 9.72%] was significantly lower than that in group A (43.99%) and that in group B (38.43%), and that in group B was significantly lower than that in group A ( P<0.05). On day 12, the ratio of the gray values of IL-6 and β-actin (0.64 ± 0.10) and the ratio of the gray values of TNF-α and β-actin (0.34 ± 0.05) in the fibroblasts in group C were significantly higher than those in group A (1.22 ± 0.21 and 0.60 ± 0.14) and in group B (0.88 ± 0.02 and 0.41 ± 0.06) ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The pressure-adjustable macroporous antibacterial hydrogel is an effective treatment of infected wounds and its mechanism may be related to the reduced apoptosis of fibroblasts.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of deep learning-based restoration of obscured thyroid ultrasound images.Methods:A total of 358 images of thyroid nodules were retropectively collected from January 2020 to October 2021 at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and the images were randomly masked and restored using DeepFillv2. The difference in grey values between the images before and after restoration was compared, and 6 sonographers (2 chief physicians, 2 attending physicians, 2 residents) were invited to compare the rate of correctness of judgement and detection of image discrepancies. The ultrasound features of thyroid nodules (solid composition, microcalcifications, markedly hypoechoic, ill-defined or irregular margins, or extrathyroidal extensions, vertical orientation and comet-tail artifact) were extracted according to the Chinese Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (C-TIRADS). The consistency of ultrasound features of thyroid nodules before and after restoration were compared.Results:The mean squared error of the images before and after restoration ranged from 0.274 to 0.522, and there were significant differences in the rate of correctness of judgement and detection of image discrepancies between physicians of different groups(all P<0.001). The overall accuracy rate was 51.95%, the overall detection rate was 1.79%, there were significant differences also within the chief physicians and resident groups (all P<0.001). The agreement rate of all ultrasound features of the nodules before and after image restoration was higher than 70%, over 90% agreement rate for features such as solid composition and comet-tail artifact. Conclusions:The algorithm can effectively repair obscured thyroid ultrasound images while preserving image features, which is expected to expand the deep learning image database, and promote the development of deep learning in the field of ultrasound images.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Euphorbia helioscopia aqueous extract （EHE） on mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and its influence on precancerous lesion-associated proteins in lung tissues induced by cigarette smoke （CS）. MethodThe COPD model was induced by CS in 60 mice and the model mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， positive drug group （dexamethasone， 2 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose EHE groups （1.875， 3.75， 7.5 g·kg^-1）. The high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was used to determine the related components in EHE. The changes in end-expiratory pause （EEP）， airway resistance （Penh）， expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity （EF50）， and other pulmonary function indexes were detected by the spirometer. The levels of inflammatory factors， such as interleukin （IL）-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， and IL-27 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of mice were detected by high-throughput liquid protein chip technology. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to detect the pathological changes in lung tissues in mice. The content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in lung tissues was determined by the colorimetric method. The mRNA relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and matrix metalloproteinase-12 （MMP-12） was detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Immunohistochemistry （IHC） was used to detect the expression of tumor protein （P53） and cell proliferation-associated antigen （Ki67） in lung tissues， and Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of tumor suppressor protein （P16）， DNA （cytosine-5）-methyltransferase 1 （DNMT1）， and fragile histidine triad （FHIT） in lung tissues. ResultThe results showed that the main compounds in EHE included phenols （gallic acid and protocatechuic acid） and flavonoids （such as hyperoside， rutin， myricetin， naringenin， quercetin， luteolin， kaempferol， and licorice chalcone A）， among which gallic acid and rutin were the highest in content. Compared with normal group， model group showed increased levels of EEP， EF50， and Penh （P<0.05）， and showed increased MDA and MPO levels （P<0.01） and decreased GSH-Px （P<0.01）， and the model group displayed increased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the model group exhibited up-regulated expression of P53， Ki67， and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.01） and down-regulated expression of DNMT1 and P16 （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the EHE groups showed decreased EEP and EF50 levels （P<0.05）. The pathological injury of lung tissues in mice of the model group was observed under HE staining， and the pathological injury of basal cell hyperplasia of lung tissues was gradually improved after treatment with EHE. The EHE groups showed reduced levels of MDA and MPO （P<0.01） and increased GSH-Px （P<0.01）. The EHE groups displayed decreased levels of IL-2， IL-5， IL-18， IL-17A， IL-27， TNF-α， TGF-β， MMP-2， MMP-9， and MMP-12 （P<0.05）. And the EHE groups showed down-regulated Ki67 and FHIT in lung tissues （P<0.05） and up-regulated expression of P53 and DNMT1 （P<0.05）. ConclusionEHE can protect mice from COPD and inhibit precancerous lesions， and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress response， regulation of protease and antiprotease imbalance， and regulation of epithelial cell growth.

Objective:To observe the changes of macular morphology and blood flow after minimally invasive vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (sNPDR).Methods:A prospective clinical study. From January 2020 to April 2021, 17 consecutive sNPDR patients with 17 eyes who were diagnosed and received PPV treatment at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University were included in the study. There were 12 males with 12 eyes and 5 females with 5 eyes; the average age was 55 years old; the average duration of diabetes was 11 years; the average glycosylated hemoglobin was 7.9%. Before the operation and 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation, all the affected eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), standard 7-field fundus color photography, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). An OCTA instrument was used to scan the macular area of the affected eye with in the range of 3 mm×3 mm to measure the central subfoveal thickness (CST), the thickness of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the macular area, the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density and perfusion density in the macular area, macular avascular zone (FAZ) area, a-circularity index (AI). Before the operation and 6 months after the operation, the least significant difference test was used for the pairwise comparison.Results:Before the operation, 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation, the FAZ area of the macular area were 0.34±0.14, 0.35±0.10, 0.37±0.10, 0.36±0.13 mm 2, respectively; AI were 0.52±0.13, 0.54±0.11, 0.57±0.10, 0.60±0.11; CST was 282.6±66.7, 290.4±70.9, 287.2±67.5, 273.2± 49.6 μm; GCC thickness were 77.1±15.5, 74.3±13.9, 72.6±16.2, 78.5±18.3 μm; the thickness of RNFL was 97.9±13.8, 101.3±14.6, 97.7±12.0, 96.1±11.4 μm, respectively. The overall blood flow density of SCP in the macula were (16.79±1.43)%, (16.71±1.82)%, (17.30±2.25)%, (17.35±1.22)%; the overall perfusion density were 0.32±0.02, 0.32±0.03, 0.33±0.03, 0.33±0.02, respectively. After the operation, the CST increased first and then decreased; the thickness of RNFL increased 1 month after the operation, and then gradually decreased. Comparison of the parameters before and 6 months after the operation showed that the AI improved, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.049); the difference in FAZ area and the thickness of CST, GCC, and RNFL was not statistically significant ( P=0.600, 0.694, 0.802, 0.712); There was no statistically significant difference in the retina SCP blood flow density and perfusion density in the macular area ( P=0.347, 0.361). Conclusion:Compared with before surgery, there is no significant change in macular structure and blood flow density in sNPDR patients within 6 months after minimally invasive PPV.

Chronic wounds are with characteristics of long last time and cannot heal in time, which is a problem in clinic. Wound pH value plays an important role in the process of healing of chronic wounds. In this paper, we review the relative researches on wound pH value and wound microenvironment, summarize the potential relationship between wound pH value and healing of chronic wounds, as well as the method to change pH value of chronic wounds, thereby to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of chronic wounds in clinic.