A comparison of the volatile compounds in Rhizomes Curcumae （Ezhu） and Radix Curcumae （Yujin） was undertaken using gas chromatography mass spectrometi-y （GC-MS）. Ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes, namely, α-pinene, β-elemene, curcumol, germacrone and curdione, in Ezhu and Yunjin. Good linearity （r〉0.999） and high inter-day precision were observed over the investigated concentration ranges. The validated method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes in Ezhu and Yujin. The quantitative method can be effectively used to evaluate and monitor the quality of Chinese curcuma in clinical use.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 15-deoxy-△12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3-5 months, weighing 220-250 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), 15d-PGJ2 group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, and LPS +15d-PGJ2 group.In group 15d-PGJ2, 15d-PGJ20.3 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in group C.In LPS and LPS+15d-PGJ2 groups, ALI was produced with LPS 6 mg/kg injected through the tail vein, and then the equal volume of normal saline and 15d-PGJ2 0.3 mg/kg were injected, respectively.At 4 h after LPS injection, blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta for blood gas analysis, and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was recorded.The rats were then sacrificed, lungs were removed for microscopic examination, and for determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio), TNF-α, IL-8 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) contents (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) , and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and IκB-α expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C, no significant change was found in PaO2, W/D ratio, contents of TNF-α, IL-8 and CINC-1, and expression of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in group 15d-PGJ2 (P＞0.05), and PaO2 was significantly decreased, W/D ratio and contents of TNF-α,IL-8 and CINC-1 were increased, the expression of NF-κB p65 was up-regulated, and the expression of IκB-α was down-regulated in LPS and LPS+ 15d-PGJ2 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group LPS,PaO2 was significantly increased, W/D ratio and contents of TNF-α, IL-8 and CINC-1 were decreased, the expression of NF-κB p65 was down-regulated, and the expression of IκB-α was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes were attenuated in group LPS+ 15d-PGJ2.Conclusion 15d-PGJ2 can mitigate endotoxin-induced ALI in rats.

A comparison of the volatile compounds in Rhizomes Curcumae (Ezhu) and Radix Curcumae (Yujin) was undertaken using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes,namely,α-pinene,β-elemene,curcumol,germacrone and curdione,in Ezhu and Yunjin.Good linearity (r＞0.999) and high inter-day precision were observed over the investigated concentration ranges.The validated method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes in Ezhu and Yujin.The quantitative method can be effectively used to evaluate and monitor the quality of Chinese curcuma in clinical use.

Objective To analyze the impact of maxillofacial injury on skull base.Methods A three-dimensional(3D) finite-element model of cranio-maxillofacial bone was established by CT scan data.A lead cylinder in base diameter of 3 cm was designed as an impactor.There regions(upper right maxilla,left infraorbital margin and left zygomatic body) subjected to an impact at the speed of 8.6 m/s(about 30 km/h)was simulated.Thirteen landmarks at the skull base were selected.The values of stress at the end of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 ms were obtained,and the results were analyzed.Results The dynamic process of the fracture of the jaw and the stress distribution and conduction of the skull base were successfully simulated in three parts of the face.When the impact was on the right maxillary bone region,the stress values of the three points(medial foramen rotundum,medial foramen rotundum,anterior clivus reached the peak at each time point,26.2,22.4,21.5 MPa(t=0.5 ms) and 70.0,55.0,45.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms) and 38.0,26.5,39.5 MPa(t=1.5 ms) and26.0,19.0,23.0 MPa(t=2.0 ms),respectively.When the impact was on the left margo infraorbitalis orbitaeta region,the stress values of the two points(medial left foramen rotundum,posterior clivus) reached the peak at each time point,8.8,16.0 MPa(t=0.5 ms) and 10.0,18.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms) and 5.5,6.0 MPa(t=1.5 ms) and11.5,12.5 MPa(t=2.0 ms),respectively.When the impact was on the body of left zygomatic bone,the stressvalues of posterior clivus were 45.0 MPa(t=0.5 ms),40.0 MPa(t=1.0 ms),12.0 MPa(t=1.5 ms),42.5 MPa(t=2.0 ms),respectively.Conclusions According to the difference of stress distribution and conduction of maxillofacial and skull base bone,the speed and the path of force transfer to the skull base were different.Finite-element dynamic simulation can be used for the biomechanics research on maxillofacial trauma.

Objective:To explore artificial intelligence technology and propose an algorithm for automatic identification of dicentric chromosomes to realize fast and high-throughput biodosimetry. In order to solve the time-consuming and laborious problem of manual analysis of dicentric chromosomes.Methods:Combining artificial intelligence technology and image processing technology, based on MATLAB software, algorithms like image preprocessing, threshold segmentation algorithm, binarization processing, area identification algorithm, convolutional neural network algorithm and double centripetal recognition algorithm were applied. A fuzzy membership function was defined to describe the degree of each chromosome belonging to a dicentric chromosome, and the discrimination threshold was set to realize the automatic identification of dicentric chromosomes.Results:Through the test on 1 471 chromosome images, compared with manual recognition, the detection rate of dicentric chromosomes cells of this algorithm reached 70.7%.Conclusions:This algorithm method carries out a preliminary study on the automatic identification of dicentric chromosomes with good result.

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy on coping style, time management and family function of middle school students with internet addiction, and provide theoretical basis for the internet addiction psychotherapy system.Methods:Based on IAT, 70 internet addiction middle school students were screened and divided into control group and experimental group according to random number table method.The control group was only given conventionally psychological and drug treatments, the experimental group participated in cognitive behavioral orientation group psychotherapy on the basis of the treatment of the control group.Thirty-two people in the control group and thirty-three people in the experimental group completed the treatment.Before and after treatment, the two groups of middle school students were evaluated by the internet IAT, the SCSQ, the ATMD and the FAD.Results:There was no significant difference in the scales between the two groups of internet addiction middle school students before treatment (all P>0.05). After the intervention of the experimental group, the differences in the positive response (1.89±0.51), negative response (1.55±0.51), time monitoring (58.39±12.10), time value (26.64±4.48), time efficacy (30.42±5.18), and roles(18.85±2.40), communication(24.18±3.77), behavior control (18.82±2.57) and general functioning(24.79±3.90) of FAD were statistically significant compared with the control group (1.62±0.44), (1.84±0.55), (52.09±11.72), (19.34±3.96), (21.91±6.13), (21.16±2.63), (26.09±3.75), (20.59±2.54), (28.69±3.68) and the pre-intervention period (1.46±0.48), (1.97±0.56), (48.73±13.46), (18.27±4.84), (20.00±5.79), (21.76±2.72), (26.58±3.86), (19.76±2.96), (29.27±4.76) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in problem-solving (12.67±2.50) and affective responsiveness (14.03±3.73) scores of the FAD between the experimental group and the pre-intervention group (14.15±2.83), (14.61±3.66) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in SCSQ and ATMD before and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy can optimize the coping style, ameliorate their time management ability and significantly improve the role, communication, behavior control and overall function of family function of middle school students with internet addiction.

Cardiovascular diseases are a class of circulatory system diseases involving the heart and vessels， including arrhythmia， hypertension， coronary heart disease， myocardial infarction， heart failure and so on. Due to the complicated pathogenesis， diverse disease types， and difficult treatment， cardiovascular diseases pose serious threatens to the human health. Therefore， it is urgent to develop effective therapies. Ferroptosis， a new type of cell death different from autophagy and apoptosis， is iron-dependent and accompanied by lipid peroxide accumulation. The mechanism of ferroptosis is complex. Recent studies have shown that iron homeostasis plays a role in the occurrence of ferroptosis， which may be induced by iron intake， utilization， and output and iron-related protein synthesis. In addition， iron homeostasis and ferroptosis have been confirmed to be involved in the pathological process of cardiovascular diseases， so regulating iron homeostasis and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes may be a focus of the future research on cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） provides a unique treatment method， and the unique syndrome differentiation system and treatment methods have been widely used in the clinical diagnosis， prevention， and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have demonstrated that TCM compound prescriptions and the active components in Chinese medicinal materials can regulate iron homeostasis and ferroptosis to protect cardiomyocytes. This paper introduces the mechanism of iron homeostasis in regulating ferroptosis and summarizes the effects of iron homeostasis-mediated ferroptosis on cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore， the research progress of TCM in regulating iron homeostasis-mediated ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases is reviewed to provide new ideas for TCM prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To standardize the management of pediatric Investigator-Initiated Trails (IIT) and improve the execution quality, this study takes a tertiary hospital for children in Shanghai as an example to analyze and summarize the main quality problems in the implementation of pediatric IIT projects and provide appropriate suggestions.Methods:From 2020 to 2022, based on the quality indicators of the IIT project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and combined with the characteristics of pediatrics, a centralized monitoring method was used to conduct spot checks and evaluations on the IIT project of a tertiary hospital for children in Shanghai.Results:From 2020 to 2022, a total of 77 IIT projects were inspected, including 27 in the initiation stage, 36 in the execution stage, and 14 in the conclusion stage. In terms of ethical compliance, there are issues with researchers′ weak ethical awareness and non-standard signing of informed consent in the pediatric IIT project. The main problems in terms of execution quality and science include non-standard CRF table design, insufficient awareness of safety management, lack of emphasis on research registration and specialized data management, randomization and blind methods. There are issues with low enrollment rate and low funding execution rate in terms of execution progress.Conclusions:There are certain quality problems during the execution of pediatric IIT projects. Strengthen the establishment of an effective process management and supervision system to improve the quality management of pediatric IIT research processes is needed.

Heart failure （HF） is a group of syndromes caused by cardiac dysfunction with impaired ventricular pumping， seriously affecting patients' health and quality of life. The pathogenesis of HF is complex， including myocardial contractility decline， myocardial fibrosis， and ventricular remodeling， and it is related to neuroendocrine regulation， inflammation， and cardiomyocyte autophagy. Autophagy is a key regulatory mechanism by which cells degrade themselves to maintain body homeostasis. In the process of HF， moderate autophagy can remove aging and damaged cardiomyocytes and maintain the balance of myocardial energy metabolism， while abnormal autophagy may lead to functional decline and pathological changes of cardiomyocytes. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway is one of the classical pathways regulating autophagy. This pathway can mediate the autophagy of cardiomyocytes and play a role in protecting the cardiac function and delaying HF progression. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） with a long history has a unique theoretical system and shows satisfactory therapeutic effects and wide application prospects amid the integration with modern medicine. The clinical practice of TCM has accumulated rich experience in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. A large number of studies have shown that the active components and compound prescriptions of TCM and Chinese patent medicines can mediate autophagy by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to treat HF. This article explains the role of AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway-mediated autophagy in the treatment of HF， introduces the understanding of autophagy， AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway， and HF based on TCM theories， and reviews the research progress in the regulation of autophagy by TCM in the treatment of HF via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. This review is expected to tap the potential of TCM in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases， provide theoretical support for subsequent experimental studies， and demonstrate the advantages of TCM in clinical practice to achieve more accurate treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of an adeno-associated virus(AAV2)vector expressing secretory transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)type Ⅱ receptor(sTβRⅡ)extracellular domain-IgG2a Fc fusion protein(sTβRⅡ-Fc)on proliferation and migration of triple-negative murine breast cancer 4T1 cells in mice.Methods The pAAV-sTβRⅡ-Fc vector expressing sTβRⅡ-Fc fusion protein constructed by molecular cloning,the capsid protein-expressing vector pAAV2 and the helper vector were co-transfected into HEK 293T cells to prepare the recombinant AAV2-sTβRⅡ virus,which was purified by density gradient centrifugation with iodixanol.Western blotting was used to examine the effects of AAV-sTβRⅡ virus on Smad2/3 phosphorylation in 4T1 cells and on expression levels of E-cadherin,vimentin and p-Smad2/3 in 4T1 cell xenografts in mice.BALB/c mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of luciferase-expressing 4T1 cells received intravenous injections of AAV-sTβRⅡ virus,AAV-GFP virus or PBS(n=6)through the tail vein,and the proliferation and migration of 4T1 cells were analyzed with in vivo imaging.Ki67 expression in the tumor tissues and sTβRⅡ protein expressions in mouse livers were detected with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining,and tumor metastases in the vital organs were examined with HE staining.Results The recombinant pAAV-sTβRⅡ-Fc vector successfully expressed sTβRⅡ in HEK 293T cells.Infection with AAV2-sTβRⅡ virus significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation in 4T1 cells and effectively inhibited proliferation and lung metastasis of 4T1 xenografts in mice(P<0.05).In the tumor-bearing mice,intravenous injection of AAV-sTβRⅡ virus significantly increased E-cadherin expression,reduced vimentin and Ki67 protein expressions and Smad2/3 phosphorylation level in the tumor tissues(P<0.05 or 0.01),and induced liver-specific sTβRⅡ expression without causing body weight loss or heart,liver,spleen or kidney pathologies.Conclusion The recombinant AVV2 vector encoding sTβRⅡ extracellular domain is capable of blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway to inhibit the proliferation and lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in mice.