Quantum Dots (QDs) with its unique optical properties including broad-range excitation, sizetunable narrow emission spectra and the adjustable emission wavelength by changing the size of core composition, is widely applied in biomedicine as a fluorescent marker in recent years. This paper focuses on the review of the characteristic of ODs, the prospects of its applications in biological and medical areas and the latest research development.Moreover,key issues including the potential toxicity of ODs are discussed.

Objective: To determine loureirin A and B in different brands of home made resina draconis,providing basis for new quality control method.Methods: A high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) method has been developed. UV detector wavelength was set at 270 nm.The mobile phase was acetonitrile acetic acid solution (40∶60).The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the column was at room temperature.Results: A good linear correlation was found in the range of 4 to 24 ?g/ml of loureirin A.The regression equation obtained was Y =855.8+803 7.1 X ( r =0.999 9); A good linear correlation was found in the range of 20 to 120 ?g/ml of loureirin B.The regression equation obtained was Y =219.3+808 1.8 X ( r =0.999 9).Conclusion: The quantities of loureirin B in all brands are lower than the limit of quality standard.The quantities of loureirin A are higher than that of loureirin B in the same sample.

Objective:To ascertain the optimized ultrasonic condition for extraction of flavone from Radix Astragali by orthogonal design. Methods: The contents of calycosin-7-O-?-D -glucoside and formononetin were taken as the indices and were determined. The ultrasonic time (10 min, 20 min, and 30 min), concentrations of methanol (50%, 75% and 100%) and times of extraction (1, 2, and 3) were analyzed by orthogonal design; the best ultrasonic condition was ascertained and compared with those of soak extraction and Soxhlet extraction. Results: Ultrasonic with 100% methanol twice (20 minutes each time) was the optimized condition for extraction of flavone from Radix Astragali. The efficiency of ultrasonic extraction was better than those of soak extraction and Soxhlet extraction. Conclusion: Compared with other methods, the ultrasonic extraction of flavone from Radix Astragali is efficient, quick and simple.

As special commodities , drugs had closely relationships with human beings′health and life safety .Impurity, which would influence the stability and efficacy of drugs , was closely related to the quality , safety and efficacy of drugs .With more and more attendance had been attached to the impurity′s control in the development of drugs , researchers turned their attentions to the analysis of trace impurity .In this paper , related progresses in recent 10 years were summarized , including guiding principles in impurity re-search, technologies in qualitative research and general approaches in quantitative research .

A comparison of the volatile compounds in Rhizomes Curcumae (Ezhu) and Radix Curcumae (Yujin) was undertaken using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes,namely,α-pinene,β-elemene,curcumol,germacrone and curdione,in Ezhu and Yunjin.Good linearity (r＞0.999) and high inter-day precision were observed over the investigated concentration ranges.The validated method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes in Ezhu and Yujin.The quantitative method can be effectively used to evaluate and monitor the quality of Chinese curcuma in clinical use.

A global quality control method based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD), single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was developed for simultaneous determination of seven major components (mangiferin, neomangiferin, timosaponin E1, timosaponin E, timosaponin BⅡ, timosaponin BⅢ, and timosaponin AⅢ) and identification of most components in extracts of Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (RA). HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution using acetonitrile and water-acetic acid(100∶0.05, v/v) as the mobile phase. Seven major components in RA were successfully separated. This quantitative method was fully validated in respect of the following performance criteria: linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, accuracy, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). A formula database of known compounds in RA was established, against which, most of the reported components in this herbal extract were identified effectively based on the extract masses acquired by TOFMS. This qualitative and quantitative method was successfully used to analyze the components in 10 batches of RA samples collected from different regions in China. This global quality control method, which consisted of HPLC-DAD-MS assay of seven major components and unambiguous identification of nineteen components, is suitable for routine quantification and comprehensive quality control of RA.

A comparison of the volatile compounds in Rhizomes Curcumae （Ezhu） and Radix Curcumae （Yujin） was undertaken using gas chromatography mass spectrometi-y （GC-MS）. Ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes, namely, α-pinene, β-elemene, curcumol, germacrone and curdione, in Ezhu and Yunjin. Good linearity （r〉0.999） and high inter-day precision were observed over the investigated concentration ranges. The validated method was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of five sesquiterpenes in Ezhu and Yujin. The quantitative method can be effectively used to evaluate and monitor the quality of Chinese curcuma in clinical use.

Objective To identify the chemical components in Artemisiae argyi folium by rapid resolution liquid chromatog-raphy-time of flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-TOFMS).Methods The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse C18 column (2.1 mm ×100 mm,1.8 μm ).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid (B) were in gradient elu-tion.The flowing rate was 0.35 ml/min, the injection volume was 1μl and the temperature of column was 40℃.Time of flight mass spectrometer ( TOFMS) with electro spray ion source ( ESI) was applied to qualitative analysis under the positive ion mode, and mass scan range was m/z 100-1 500 .Results 31 chemical compounds in Artemisiae argyi folium were identified unequivocally .Conclu-sion A rapid and efficient RRLC-TOFMS approach for identifying the chemical constituents of Artemisiae argyi folium had been suc-cessfully established,which paved a way for quality control and further in vivo studies of Artemisiae argyi folium.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the associations of obesity phenotypes with hypertension stages, phenotypes, and transitions among middle-aged and older Chinese. METHODS: Using the 2011-2015 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis included 9,015 subjects and a longitudinal analysis included 4,961 subjects, with 4,872 having full data on the hypertension stage and 4,784 having full data on the hypertension phenotype. Based on body mass index and waist circumstance, subjects were categorized into 4 mutually exclusive obesity phenotypes: normal weight with no central obesity (NWNCO), abnormal weight with no central obesity (AWNCO), normal weight with central obesity (NWCO), and abnormal weight with central obesity (AWCO). Hypertension stages were classified into normotension, pre-hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension. Hypertension phenotypes were categorized as normotension, pre-hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH). The association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension was estimated by logistic regression. A comparison between different sexes was conducted by testing the interaction effect of sex. RESULTS: NWCO was associated with normal→stage 2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 3.42), maintained stage 1 (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.29), and normal→ISH (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.85). AWCO was associated with normal→stage 1 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.19), maintained stage 1 (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.72), maintained stage 2 (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.50 to 5.25), normal→ISH (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.02), and normal→SDH (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.75). An interaction effect of sex existed in the association between obesity phenotypes and hypertension stages. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of various obesity phenotypes and sex differences in hypertension progression. Tailored interventions for different obesity phenotypes may be warranted in hypertension management, taking into account sex-specific differences to improve outcomes.