Objective:To examine whether dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive bias change with fluctuations in depressive symptoms. Methods:122 patients with MDD (major depressive disorder) were assessed with DAS (dysfunctional attitude scale),CBQ (cognitive bias questionnaire) ,and HRSD (Hamilton rating scale for depression) before and after the 8-week treatment. 51 normal subjects were assessed with the DAS, CBQ and SDS as controls.Results:(1) Compared with normal controls, at the baseline MDD patients had significantly higher total DAS scores (158.2?34.6 vs. 119.3?23.4,t=8.559, P=0.000) and the score of CBQ (5.19?3.77 vs. 1.69?1.83, t=8.208, P=0.000). (2) After 8 weeks, the HRSD scores of patients reduced to Median 7.0, and the DAS and CBQ scores significantly lower than those in baseline (DAS total score from 158.2?34.6 to 143.3?29.3, t=3.611, P=0.000; the median of CBQ decreased from 5.0 to 3.0;z=4.670, P=0.000). (3) The DAS score (131.1?25.7) and CBQ score (median 3.0) of full recovery patients with full recovery remained higher than those of controls (t=2.397, P=0.018 ;z=3.990, P=0.000).Conclusion:Dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive bias were influenced by fluctuations in stata or demonstrateing stability over time. They were all state-trait features.

Objective To investigate reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the schedule for assessment of insight (SAI).Methods The original version of SAI was translated into Chinese and then backtranslated into English to develop the Chinese version of SAI which reliability and validity were tested.220 subjects who met the diagnosis of Schizophrenia,schizophreniform disorder,schizoaffective disorder,delusional disorder or brief psychotic disorder were assessed.Results The Cronbach's α was 0.890 ; the test-retest reliability was 0.742 ; the inter-rater reliability was 0.986.Three main factors were obtained from the factor load matrix as awareness of illness,ability to relabel psychotic experience,compliance with treatment.The loading coefficient were 0.883-0.944.The correlation of the SAI total score and three subscales with insight of PANSS were-0.635,-0.305,-0.631 and-0.512 respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The SAI has good reliability and validity.The scale is useful to measure insight in psychosis.

The present study examined the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells and the protective effect of DKK1 on nucleus pulposus cells. The model of nucleus pulposus cell degeneration was induced by intra-disc injection of TNF-α, and the expression of β-catenin protein was detected by Western blotting. The cultured rabbit nucleus pulposus cells were divided into 4 groups. In group A, the cells were cultured with normal medium and served as control group. In group B, the cells were cultured with TNF-α and acted as degeneration group. In group C, the cells were cultured with TNF-α and transfected with Adv-eGFP and was used as fluorescence control group. In group D, the cells were cultured with TNF-α and transfected with Adv-hDKK1-eGFP, serving as intervention group. The expression of type II collagen, proteoglycan, β-catenin, and MMP-13 in each group was detected by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The result showed that TNF-α increased the expression of β-catenin and MMP-13, and significantly inhibited the synthesis of type II collagen and proteoglycan, which resulted in the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells. This effect could be obviously reversed by DKK1. We are led to concluded that TNF-α could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and increase the expression of MMP-13, thereby resulting in disc degeneration. Specifically blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by DKK-1 could protect the normal metabolism of intervertebral disc tissue. The Wnt pathway plays an important role in the progression of the intervertebral disc degeneration.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a supplementary diagnostic indicator (infrared radiant intensity) in tongue diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands through correlation analysis of infrared radiant intensity between hyperplastic breast tissue and tongue surface. METHODS: Infrared radiant intensity of the hyperplastic breast tissue and different points on tongue surface in 20 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands with liver-energy stagnation and phlegm retention syndrome and 16 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands with irregular thoroughfare and conception vessels syndrome were measured with external infrared spectrometer PHE-201 made by Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics. Correlation of infrared radiant intensity between the hyperplastic breast tissue and the different points on tongue surface was assessed by using bivariate correlation analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that the numbers of positive correlated wave bands of infrared radiant intensity between the hyperplastic breast tissue and different detected points on tongue surface in the patients with liver-energy stagnation and phlegm retention syndrome and irregular thoroughfare and conception vessels syndrome were 127 (83.55%) and 71 (46.71%), respectively. Infrared radiant intensity between the hyperplastic breast tissue and the tongue surface had a positive correlation. CONCLUSION: Infrared radiant intensity can be used as one of supplementary diagnostic indicators in TCM tongue diagnosis of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

To study the complete genomic sequence, genomic characteristics, and genetic variation of the bovine papillomavirus 2 genotype (BPV-2) Aks-01 strain at the molecular level, genotyping of this strain from the skin samples of cows in southern Xinjiang (China) was first detected by the polymerase chain reaction with FAP59/FAP64 primers. Based on the complete genome of the BPV-2 reference strain, specific primers and sequencing primers were designed, and the complete genome of the Aks-01 strain amplified and sequenced. Sequence analyses showed that genotyping of the Aks-01 strain belonged to BPV-2. The Aks-01 strain had the structural characteristics of BPV-2. The 7944-bp full-length genomic sequence of the Aks-01 strain was compiled using DNAStar™. The sequence of the Aks-01 strain had 98% similarity to the reference strain from GenBank. The Aks-01 strain was most closely related to BPV-1 and BPV-13. BPV-2, BPV-1 and BPV-13 were grouped within the genus Deltapapillomavirus. The Aks-01 strain is the first BPV-2 strain reported in southern Xinjiang.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bovine papillomavirus 1 ; genetics ; Cattle ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin ; virology

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and the experience of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) on recurrence of primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type I after renal transplantation. Methods One case presenting with unexplained rapid decline of renal allograft function after allogeneic renal transplantation was discussed by MDT. The role of MDT in diagnosing rare hereditary diseases and improving the long-term survival of renal transplant recipients was summarized. Results After MDT consultation, the patient was diagnosed with recurrence of PH type I. Routine immunosuppressive regimen was initiated after the exclusion of rejection. The patient was instructed to drink a large quantity of water, and given with high-quality protein and low-phosphorus diet, vitamin B6, calcium and other conservative therapies to actively prevent and treat postoperative complications. The deterioration of renal graft function was delayed. Nevertheless, regular hemodialysis was resumed at 5 months after renal transplantation until the submission date of this manuscript. Conclusions Recurrence of PH type I after renal transplantation is relatively rare. The main clinical manifestations are recurrent kidney stones and decreased renal function with multiple complications and poor prognosis. The condition of the patient is consulted by MDT for confirming the diagnosis, determining the optimal treatment scheme, delaying the progression and improving the clinical prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the effect of tissue engineered bladder patch constructed by double-layer silk scaffold and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in the repair and reconstruction of bladder.Methods:This study was conducted from May 2020 to March 2021. The silk fibroin (SF) aqueous solution was obtained from silkworm cocoons, and a double-layer silk scaffold composed of silk fibroin film and silk fibroin sponge was further prepared. The rat ADSCs were isolated, cultured, and the ADSCs surface markers (CD29, CD90, CD45, CD106) were identified by flow cytometry. The ADSCs were planted on a double-layer silk scaffold to construct a tissue-engineered bladder patch. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: tissue engineered bladder patch group (SF-ADSCs group, n=15), double-layer silk scaffold group (SF group, n=15), control group ( n=6). The tissue engineered bladder patch (SF-ADSCs group) and double-layer silk scaffold (SF group) were wrapped on the omentum to promote vascularization. The vascularization was evaluated by HE and immunofluorescence staining. The wrapped tissue engineered bladder patch and double-layer silk scaffold were used to repair the defective bladder. In the control group (six rats), the incision was closed immediately after the bladder tissue fully exposed. At 4 weeks and 12 weeks after operation, the general morphology of bladder tissue and cystography were performed to evaluate the recovery of bladder morphology. After the graft was harvested, HE and Masson's trichrome staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the regeneration of bladder wall tissue. Urodynamics was used to assess the recovery of bladder function at 12 weeks after operation. Results:The flow cytometry results confirmed that the isolated cells positively expressed CD29 and CD90, and there was no significant expression of CD45 and CD106. Gross observation and scanning electron microscope confirmed that the preparation of double-layer silk scaffold not only had a pore structure that was conducive to cell planting, but also had good toughness and was facilitated to surgical suture. The number (43.50±2.66) and area (0.73±0.03)% of vascular-like structures in the SF-ADSCs group after the omentum encapsulation was significantly higher than that in the SF group [(24.50±3.51), (0.55±0.05)%], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). At 4 weeks after bladder repair, the histological staining of the grafts in the SF-ADSCs and SF groups showed a large number of degraded fragments of double-layer silk scaffold. At 12 weeks, the morphology of the graft in the SF-ADSCs group showed uniform bladder morphology, which was similar to that of normal bladder tissue. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the continuous urothelial layer, abundant smooth muscle tissue, vascular structure and regenerated neurons could be observed in the SF-ADSCs group. Urodynamic test showed that the bladder maximum volume (0.74±0.03)ml and compliance (16.68±0.44)μl/cm H 2O in the SF-ADSCs group, which were better than that in the SF group [(0.47±0.05)ml, (14.89±0.37)μl/cm H 2O], but lower than that in the control group [(1.12±0.08)ml, (19.34±0.45)μl/cm H 2O], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The tissue engineered bladder patch constructed with double-layer silk scaffolds and ADSCs could promote the morphological repair of bladder tissue, the regeneration of bladder wall structure and the recovery of bladder physiological function.

Objective:To prepare the whole bladder acellular matrix (BAM) using the self-designed perfusion decellularization system, and evaluate the feasibility of constructing the tissue engineering bladder with the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).Methods:This study was conducted from October 2020 to April 2021. The self-designed perfusion decellularization system was used, and four different decellularization protocols (group A, group B, group C and group D) were formulated, according to the flow direction of the perfusate and the action time of different decellularization solutions. Among them, the urethral orifice of the bladder tissue was used as the outflow tract of the perfusion fluid in groups A and B. The top of the bladder was cut off and used as the outflow tract of the perfusion fluid in groups C and D. In groups A and C, 1% Triton X-100 was treated for 6 h, and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was treated for 2 h. In groups B and D, 1% Triton X-100 was treated for 7 h, and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was treated for 1 h. In addition, the tissue in the normal bladder group was directly obtained from the natural bladder tissue, which did not require perfusion, cryopreservation and thawing. The fast and efficient decellularization protocol was screened out through HE, DAPI, Masson trichrome and Alcian Blue staining and quantitative analyses to prepare the whole bladder scaffold. The prepared BAM was used as the scaffold material, and the ADSCs were used as the seeding cells to construct the tissue engineering bladder. HE and DAPI staining were used to observe the distribution of ADSCs on the BAM.Results:HE and DAPI staining showed that there was no obvious nuclear residue in the group C. Masson trichrome and Alcian Blue staining showed that the collagen structure and glycosaminoglycan were well preserved in the group C. There was no significant difference in bladder wall thickness between the group C and the normal bladder group [(975.44±158.62)μm vs.(1 064.49±168.52)μm, P > 0.05]. The DNA content in the group C [(43.59 ±4.59) ng/mg] was lower than that in the normal bladder group, group A, group B and group D [(532.50±26.69), (135.17±6.99), (182.49±13.69) and(84.00±4.38)ng/mg], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The collagen content [(10.98 ± 0.29)μg/mg] and glycosaminoglycan content [(2.30±0.18)μg/mg] in group C were not significantly different with those in the normal bladder group [(11.69±0.49) and (2.36±0.09)μg/mg, P>0.05]. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a large number of pore structures could be observed on the surface of the prepared BAM in groups A-D and were facilitated to cell adhesion. The isolated and cultured ADSCs were identified by flow cytometry to confirm the positive expression of CD90 and CD29, and the negative expression of CD45 and CD106. Live/dead staining and CCK-8 detection confirmed that the prepared BAM in the group C had no cytotoxicity. HE and DAPI staining showed that a large number of ADSCs were distributed on the surface and inside of the tissue engineering bladder. Conclusions:The whole bladder shape BAM prepared by the self-designed perfusion decellularization system could be used as the scaffold material for bladder tissue engineering, and the constructed tissue engineering bladder could be used for bladder repair and reconstruction.

The present study examined the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells and the protective effect of DKK1 on nucleus pulposus cells.The model of nucleus pulposus cell degeneration was induced by intra-disc injection of TNF-α,and the expression of β-catenin protein was detected by Western blotting.The cultured rabbit nucleus pulposus cells were divided into 4 groups.In group A,the cells were cultured with normal medium and served as control group.In group B,the cells were cultured with TNF-α and acted as degeneration group.In group C,the cells were cultured with TNF-α and transfected with Adv-eGFP and was used as fluorescence control group.In group D,the cells were cultured with TNF-α and transfected with Adv-hDKK1-eGFP,serving as intervention group.The expression of type Ⅱ collagen,proteoglycan,β-catenin,and MMP-13 in each group was detected by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR.The result showed that TNF-α increased the expression of β-catenin and MMP-13,and significantly inhibited the synthesis of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan,which resulted in the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells.This effect could be obviously reversed by DKK1.We are led to concluded that TNF-α could activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,and increase the expression of MMP-13,thereby resulting in disc degeneration.Specifically blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by DKK-1 could protect the normal metabolism of intervertebral disc tissue.The Wnt pathway plays an important role in the progression of the intervertebral disc degeneration.

Objective The risk of current pancreaticojejunostomy is carefully considered from the perspective of the morphology of remnant pancreas,and we aimed to discuss the clinical outcomes of selecting different pancreaticojejunostomy techniques based on pancreatic morphology.Methods This was a prospective cohort study.The histopathology of remnant pancreatic tissues was categorized into four types based on preoperative radiological images and intraoperative palpation:Type Ⅰ:pancreas with hard texture in palpation,pancreatic atrophy,dilated pancreatic duct larger than 5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ＜3 cm;Type Ⅱ:pancreas with hard texture in palpation,pancreatic atrophy and mild dilatation of pancreatic duct with the diameter of 3-5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ＜3 cm;Type Ⅲ:pancreas with slightly hard texture,no atrophy,and normal or slightly dilated pancreatic duct with the diameter of 3-5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ≥3 cm;Type Ⅳ:pancreas with soft texture,normal morphology and pancreatic duct.Results From January 2008 to August 2017,116 consecutive patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our center.Among them,10 patients with type Ⅰ underwent classic pancreatic ductal mucosa to mucosa anastomosis.19 patients with type Ⅱ underwent classic end to end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy.45 patients with type Ⅲ underwent classic end to end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy with overlapping U sutures;42 patients with type Ⅵ underwent total invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy.The post-operative pancreatic fistula occurred in 6 patients (5.2％) with one patient died.Postoperative bleeding occurred in 10 patients (8.6％),and gastroparesis occurred in 22 patients (19.0％).Overall complication rate was 33.6％.Conclusions Classification of pancreatic morphology based on preoperative radiological images and intraoperative palpation and the selection of corresponding pancreaticojejunostomy technique is theoretically rational and has the advantage of potentially reducing the risk of remnant pancreatic tissue.