Meridians in human body were classified as white meridian and black meridian according to Tibetan medicine.Season and environment,improper diet,toxic heat and trauma were recognized as main reasons damaging the white meridian in Tibetan Medicine,leading to the emerge of white meridian disease induced by Long (one of the three factors) and blood disorder.White meridian disease in Tibetan medicine involved a series diseases,such as many clinical diseases,due to the damage of white meridian system caused by pathogenic factors.Stroke also belonged to white meridian disease.Drugs and treatments were selected based on the nature of disease such as cold and heat,onset,thelocation of disease and the three factors (Chi Ba,Long and Pei Gen).It was the fundamental principle of the treatment rules of white meridian disease in Tibetan medicine,namely,prescribing medication with the rule of diagnosis and treatment,comprehensive analysis of the causes of diseases and mastering the change law of diseases and syndromes in clinic.

To study the complete genomic sequence, genomic characteristics, and genetic variation of the bovine papillomavirus 2 genotype (BPV-2) Aks-01 strain at the molecular level, genotyping of this strain from the skin samples of cows in southern Xinjiang (China) was first detected by the polymerase chain reaction with FAP59/FAP64 primers. Based on the complete genome of the BPV-2 reference strain, specific primers and sequencing primers were designed, and the complete genome of the Aks-01 strain amplified and sequenced. Sequence analyses showed that genotyping of the Aks-01 strain belonged to BPV-2. The Aks-01 strain had the structural characteristics of BPV-2. The 7944-bp full-length genomic sequence of the Aks-01 strain was compiled using DNAStar™. The sequence of the Aks-01 strain had 98% similarity to the reference strain from GenBank. The Aks-01 strain was most closely related to BPV-1 and BPV-13. BPV-2, BPV-1 and BPV-13 were grouped within the genus Deltapapillomavirus. The Aks-01 strain is the first BPV-2 strain reported in southern Xinjiang.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bovine papillomavirus 1 ; genetics ; Cattle ; China ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Skin ; virology

Objective The risk of current pancreaticojejunostomy is carefully considered from the perspective of the morphology of remnant pancreas,and we aimed to discuss the clinical outcomes of selecting different pancreaticojejunostomy techniques based on pancreatic morphology.Methods This was a prospective cohort study.The histopathology of remnant pancreatic tissues was categorized into four types based on preoperative radiological images and intraoperative palpation:Type Ⅰ:pancreas with hard texture in palpation,pancreatic atrophy,dilated pancreatic duct larger than 5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ＜3 cm;Type Ⅱ:pancreas with hard texture in palpation,pancreatic atrophy and mild dilatation of pancreatic duct with the diameter of 3-5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ＜3 cm;Type Ⅲ:pancreas with slightly hard texture,no atrophy,and normal or slightly dilated pancreatic duct with the diameter of 3-5 mm and remnant pancreatic surface ≥3 cm;Type Ⅳ:pancreas with soft texture,normal morphology and pancreatic duct.Results From January 2008 to August 2017,116 consecutive patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our center.Among them,10 patients with type Ⅰ underwent classic pancreatic ductal mucosa to mucosa anastomosis.19 patients with type Ⅱ underwent classic end to end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy.45 patients with type Ⅲ underwent classic end to end invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy with overlapping U sutures;42 patients with type Ⅵ underwent total invaginated pancreaticojejunostomy.The post-operative pancreatic fistula occurred in 6 patients (5.2％) with one patient died.Postoperative bleeding occurred in 10 patients (8.6％),and gastroparesis occurred in 22 patients (19.0％).Overall complication rate was 33.6％.Conclusions Classification of pancreatic morphology based on preoperative radiological images and intraoperative palpation and the selection of corresponding pancreaticojejunostomy technique is theoretically rational and has the advantage of potentially reducing the risk of remnant pancreatic tissue.

Objective:To analysis the incentive level of family doctors in primary medical and health institutions in Beijing, and to explore its influencing factors, so as to provide references for promoting family doctors′ contract service.Methods:From October to December 2021, 40 family doctors were randomly selected from 135 urban community health service centers in 8 districts of Beijing, and a survey was conducted on basic demographic information, institutional organizational capacity evaluation, and family doctor incentive level evaluation (including four dimensions of work value, organizational environment, personal development, and reward compensation), and the influencing factors of family doctor incentive level was analyzed. Chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for univariate analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.Results:A total of 4 568 family doctors were included, and the score of family doctors′ incentive level was 3.75±0.81, among which the work value score was the highest(3.89±0.77), followed by the organizational environment score(3.69±0.92) and personal development score(3.75±0.90), and the lowest score was reward(3.75±0.90). Age, education, professional title, working years and average total working hours per week negatively affected the incentive level( P<0.05), while the average monthly income, the frequency of attending training and further study, and the organizational ability of the organization positively affected the incentive level( P<0.05). Conclusions:The overall incentive level of family doctors in primary medical and health institutions in Beijing needed improvement, and there were many factors that affect the incentive level of family doctors. It was recommended to appropriately increase the salary and benefits of family doctors, reasonably arrange the workload of family doctors, strengthen the training mechanism of family doctors, and strengthen the organizational capacity building of primary medical and health institutions.

Objective:To compare the optimal conditions, virus yield, viral titer and cell metabolism between culturing influenza virus H1N1 vaccine strain in MDCK and MDCK-G1 cells.Methods:The optimal culture conditions were investigated using chessboard method. The hemagglutination titer, half of the tissue infection dose (TCID 50) and the metabolism of glucose and lactic acid were monitored and compared between the two cell lines. Results:After MDCK-G1 cells were inoculated with H1N1 at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001 with the presence of 1 μg/ml of trypsin, the hemagglutination titer reached the peak of 1∶512 at 72 h and the viral titer was 10 7.4TCID 50/ml. In the MDCK cell line group, the hemagglutination titer reached the peak of 1∶256 at 72 h and the viral titer was 10 6.6TCID 50/ml when using H1N1 at MOI=0.0001 and 1 μg/ml of trypsin. Conclusions:MDCK-G1 cells were more suitable than MDCK cells for the proliferation of influenza virus. This study provided reference data for further research on cell-derived influenza vaccine.

Objective The incidence of coronary microvascular disease(CMVD)is increasing annually.According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),CMVD belongs to the category of"collaterals",and qi deficiency and blood stasis are the main syndrome type of CMVD.Notably however,no studies have reported on the use of animal models of CMVD with qi deficiency and blood stasis.The current study therefore aimed to establish and evaluate a rat model of CMVD with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.Methods Forty-five male SD rats were divided randomly into sham group,CMVD group,and CMVD + QXXY group(n = 15 rats per group).Rats in the CMVD + QXXY group were randomly deprived of sleep for 14～16 h/day for 6 weeks,and the model of qi deficiency syndrome was established.Animals in the sham group and the CMVD group were fed normally for 6 weeks.After 6 weeks,rats in the CMVD and CMVD + QXXY groups were anesthetized,their chests were opened,and embolic microspheres(40～120 μm)were injected into the left ventricle.Rats in the sham group underwent thoracotomy without injection of embolic microspheres.On day 7 after operation,relevant detection indicators were measured in each group.Results Compared with the sham group,the CMVD group showed a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular shortening rate,while the activities of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)were significantly increased.Heart function,hemorheology,myocardial enzyme index,and the degree of myocardial cell damage differed significantly between the CMVD + QXXY group compared with the sham group.Conclusions A rat model of CMVD + qi deficiency + blood stasis syndrome can be successfully established by sleep deprivation combined with intraventricular injection of embolic microspheres.This model will be suitable for the study of the pathogenesis of CMVD and the mechanisms of TCM.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical experience of kidney transplantation from donors with Marfan syndrome (MFS). Methods Clinical data of 2 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS patient were retrospectively analyzed and literature review of 2 cases was conducted. Characteristics and clinical diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplantation from MFS patients were summarized. Results The Remuzzi scores of the left and right donor kidneys of the MFS patient during time-zero biopsy were 1 and 2. No significant difference was observed in the renal arteriole wall compared with other donors of brain death and cardiac death. Two recipients who received kidney transplantation from the MFS patient suffered from postoperative delayed graft function. After short-term hemodialysis, the graft function of the recipients received the left and right kidney began to gradually recover at postoperative 10 d and 20 d. After discharge, serum creatinine level of the recipient received the left kidney was ranged from 80 to 90 μmol/L, whereas that of the recipient received the right kidney kept declining, and the lowest serum creatinine level was 232 μmol/L before the submission date (at postoperative 43 d). Through literature review, two cases successfully undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS donor were reported. Both two recipients experienced delayed graft function, and then renal function was restored to normal. Until the publication date, 1 recipient has survived for 6 years, and the other recipient died of de novo cerebrovascular disease at postoperative 2 years. Conclusions MFS patients may serve as an acceptable source of kidney donors. However, the willingness and general conditions of the recipients should be carefully evaluated before kidney transplantation. Intraoperatively, potential risk of tear of renal arterial media should be properly treated. Extensive attention should be paid to the incidence of postoperative complications.

Objective: To investigate the best amount of TPCK trypsin in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell suspension for the culture of H7N9 avian influenza virus. Methods: Different concentrations of TPCK trypsin were added during the periods of cell growth and virus production. Their effects on cell growth, viability, glucose and lactate metabolism, and hemagglutination titer were monitored every 12 h. Inter-batch differences were analyzed. The amount of trypsin added in the cell growth phase was 0, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml, 6 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 15 μg/ml. The amount of trypsin added during the virus production period was 0, 0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 1.5 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml. When the hemagglutination titers were same, the adding amount was further optimized at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001, 0.005, 0.025 and 0.05. Results: No significant linear effects of TPCK trypsin concentration on cell number, viability, and glucose and lactate metabolism were observed. No toxicity to cell growth was observed when TPCK trypsin concentration reached 15 μg/ml. After the inoculation of H7N9 avian influenza virus, the hemagglutination titers in the 1 μg/ml, 1.5 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml and 2.5 μg/ml TPCK trypsin groups reached the peaks at 48 h, which were 1∶2^6.5. At 60 h, the hemagglutination titers of the latter two groups decreased faster than those of the former two groups. When the MOI was 0.005, the hemagglutination titer of the 1.5 μg/ml group at 48 h was 2^6.5 higher than 2⁶ in the 1 μg/ml group under the same condition. There were differences between different batches of TPCK trypsin. Conclusions Adding 1 μg/ml and 1.5 μg/ml of trypsin could better promote the proliferation of H7N9 avian influenza virus, and 1.5 μg/ml of trypsin had a wider range of MOI applicability.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Buyang Huanwutang （BYHWT） on platelet function and inflammatory cytokines in the rat model of acute blood stasis. MethodThe model of acute blood stasis was established with SD rats by ice water bath combined with injection of epinephrine. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups： normal group， model group， BYHWT （3.2 g·kg^-1） group， and aspirin （60 mg·kg^-1） group. The rats were injected with epinephrine hydrochloride on day 8 after 7 days of modeling. The macroscopic indexes of triditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome including tongue manifestation and pulse manifestation were observed， while hemorheological indexes， blood coagulation， and platelet aggregation were detected. The serum levels of the inflammatory cytokine matrix metalloprotein-9 （MMP-9） and the adhesion factor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） and were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultThe pulse distention of rats in the model group was lower than that in the normal group （P<0.01）， while BYHWT improved the pulse distention of the rats with the syndrome of blood stasis （P<0.01）. In the model group， the tongue showed the characteristics of blood stasis syndrome， with dark purple veins at the tongue bottom and lower values of R， G， B on the tongue surface than those in the normal group （P<0.01）， which， however， can be recovered by BYHWT （P<0.01）. The blood viscosity at high， medium， and low shear stress and the plasma viscosity in the model group were higher than those in the normal group （P<0.01， P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， BYHWT restored the whole blood viscosity under high， medium and low shear stress and plasma viscosity （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The model group had shorter prothrombin time （PT）， shorter thrombin time （TT）， and higher fibrinogen （FIB） than the normal group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. BYHWT improved the TT and reduced the FIB in the rats with blood stasis syndrome （P<0.01）. The platelet aggregation rate induced by arachidonic acid （AA） and adenosine diphosphate （ADP） in the model group was higher than that in normal group （P<0.01） and BYHWT decreased the platelet aggregation rate of the rats with blood stasis syndrome （P<0.01）. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the model group exhibited excessive platelet activation， obvious pseudopodia， and increased aggregation of platelets compared with the normal group， while platelet activation and aggregation were rare in the BYHWT group. The serum levels of MMP-9 and ICAM-1 in the model group were higher than those in the normal group （P<0.01）， which were decreased in the BYHWT group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe SD rats with the syndrome of acute blood stasis induced by ice water bath combined with injection of epinephrine demonstrate obvious changes in platelet function and morphology， inflammation， and abnormal cell adhesion. In the treatment of acute blood stasis in rats， BYHWT may reduce thrombosis and improve blood consistency and cohesion by mitigating inflammation， down-regulating cell adhesion factor overexpression， and improving platelet shape and function.

Objective: To reduce the residual proteins and DNA of host cells in the preparation of H5N1 influenza A virus. Methods: Core 700 was firstly used to remove residual host cell proteins, and then Capto Q was used to remove host cell DNA. Several batches of H5N1 influenza A virus cultured in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were purified using this method. The efficiency of purification was evaluated using many methods including quantitative real-time PCR, hemagglutination (HA) test and single radial immunodiffusion assay. Moreover, Benzonase nuclease was used for comparison. Results: Without the use of Benzonase nuclease, the overall removal rates of host cell DNA and residual proteins were 99.62% and 98.1%, and the HA antigen recovery rate was 66.96%. Conclusions This study established a purification strategy with good effect for cell-based influenza vaccines. It can efficiently remove host cell DNA and proteins and achieve a high HA recovery rate. The purification result is no worse than that of adding Benzonase nuclease, suggesting the potential of its application in actual vaccine production.