Objective The effect of acidity and severity of gastric atrophy on Helicobactor pylori (H.pylori) colonization was studied. Methods 95 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and positive H.pylori test were categorized into groups.Group 1,48 cases having moderate atrophic antritis with various degrees of fundic atrophy.Group 2,47 cases having mild fundic atrophy with various degrees of antritis. Assessment was made of basic and maximum acid output (BAO, MAO ) as well as of gastrin. H.pylori was tested with Warthin-Starry staining. Results In group 1, H.pylori colonization reduced significantly (P0.05) was found between patients with severe and moderate atrophy in fundus, while H.pylori colonization declined more markedly (P0.05) between cases with moderate and severe antritis,whereas H.pylori colonization reduced more significantly in the latter than the former (P

Objective To develop a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) method using designed primers for determining the genotype of humen platelet antigens (HPA)5 system. Methods HPA 5 system of 25 healthy blood donors were genotyped using PCR RFLP method. The results obtained by PCR RFLP were compared with those determined by allele specific oligonucleotid hybridization (PCR ASO). Results The results of HPA 5 system obtained by PCR RFLP in 25 health donors were as follows: 24 of aa, 1 of ab and 0 of bb. All were in good agreement with those determined by PCR ASO. Conclusions Because PCR RFLP method is plain, fast and reliable for HPA 5 system genotyping, it is suitable for the diagnosis and therapy of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, posttransfusion purpura, platelet transfusion refractoriness and so on..

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ADC values in the evaluation of normal fetal brain development by measuring ADC values changes in specific regions with advancing gestational age.Methods Forty fetuses(gestational age:24 to 41 weeks) with normal brain underwent DWI(b value were 0 and 600 s/mm2).ADC values of the frontal white matter(WM),occipital WM,thalamus,basal ganglia,and cerebellum were measured by post-processing software.The differences among different regions' ADC values were calculated by repeated measurements of ANOVA,and simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between ADC values and gestational age.Results The mean ADC valuesof 40 fetuses were(1 800±214) ×10-6mm2/s in frontal WM,(1 400±100) ×10-6mm2/s in basal ganglia,(1 300±126) ×10-6mm2/s in thalamus,(1 700±133) ×10-6mm2/s in occipital WM and(1 400± 155) × 10-6mm2/s in cerebellum,respectively.There was significant difference in the ADC values among the five regions(F=80.813,P＜0.01).In pair-wise comparison,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus and cerebellum had no significant difference; however,others had significant difference between each other.With the increasing gestational age,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus,occipital WM and cerebellum decreased,and had significant negative correlations with gestational age(Pearson correlation coefficient were-0.568,-0.716,-0.830 and-0.700,respectively,all P＜0.01).In terms of ADC value,occipital WM declined fastest with gestational age,followed by cerebellum and thalamus,and the slowest was basal ganglia.Frontal ADC values showed no correlation with gestational age(P＞0.05).Conclusions Specific regions of fetal brain have specific ADC values,and ADC values of the region undergo regular change with advancing gestational age.ADC value is a specific quantitative parameter that could help to evaluate normal brain development and early diagnosis of fetal brain lesions.

Objective To investigate the effect of open surgical drainage approach for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis ( WOPN) in severe acute pancreatitis. Methods Clinical data of 154 WOPN patients admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2005 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Traditional open debridement necrosectomy was performed in 83 patients from January 2005 to October 2012 ( debridement group) , and small abdominal incision with low-position open surgical drainage was performed in 71 patients from October 2012 to October 2016 ( drainage group ) . The clinical outcomes of two groups were analyzed and compared. Results 43 cases (51. 8％) in debridement group had postoperative intraperitoneal reinfection, while there were only 13 cases with postoperative intraperitoneal reinfection (18. 3％) in drainage group;18 cases (21. 7％) in debridement group had surgery-related digestive tract fistula, while there were only 4 cases with surgery-related digestive tract fistula (5. 6％) in drainage group; the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 18. 55, P=0. 001; χ2 = 11. 35, P=0. 002). 15 patients (18. 1％) in debridement group and only 2 patients (2. 8％) in drainage group died. The mortality in drainage group were obviously lower than that in debridement group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9. 07, P<0. 05 ). 62 cases ( 74. 7％) in debridement group and 55 cases (77. 5％) in drainage group were cured directly, respectively. No significant difference was found between two groups. However, 3 cases (3. 6％) in debridement group and 12 cases (16. 9％) in drainage group were cured by the way of small intestinal fistula in the late stage of intubation, and the latter was higher than the former with statistically significant(χ2 =5. 989,P=0. 014). Conclusions Compared with open debridement necrosectomy, the abdominal infection rate, digestive tract fistula rate and mortality of open surgical drainage were all significantly reduced , which may be a better treatment for WOPN.

Infant tachycardia is a critical disease, mainly with supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia.The treatment of tachycardia in infant is quite different from that of older children, and there is no relevant guidelines at present.Drug therapy in the acute stage of supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fluttery is mainly intravenous adenosine injection.Digoxin is widely used in neonates.Propranolol is the first choice for prophylactic treatment, and landilolol is in the development stage.Ventricular tachycardia can be spontaneously subsided, the treatment is dominated by intravenous lidocaine.For non-drug therapy, heart cardioerter is the emergency treatment for serious rapid arrhythmia.Radiofrequency ablation is used in infants with more severe conditions and where the onset of tachycardia can not be controlled.Bury cardioverter-defibrillator is effective in preventing infant ion channel disease complicated with malignant ventricular tachycardia induced sudden cardiac death.Subcutaneous implantion of a defibrillator may be superior to intravenous implantation in infants and young children.

Objective:To analyze the various clinical presentations of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) and determine factors related to myocardial ischemia.Methods:Children diagnosed with AAOCA on CT coronary angiography at Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2022 were classified based on AAOCA type, age and high-risk anatomy.The clinical characteristics of the different AAOCA types and age groups were compared and the correlation between the severity of manifestations and high-risk anatomy was analyzed.Results:A total of 69 children with AAOCA[34 males and 35 females, aged (8.89±4.40) years] were included.Ten (14.5%) patients had anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (ALCA) from the right coronary artery sinus and 57 (82.6%) patients had anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (ARCA) from the left coronary artery sinus.In two (2.9%) patients, AAOCA did not arise from a coronary sinus.Nineteen (27.5%) patients were asymptomatic, including 35 (50.7%) cases presented with minor symptoms (chest tightness, chest pain, fatigue), 13 (18.8%) cases had severe symptoms (syncope), and two (2.9%) cases had atypical symptoms (paroxysmal crying). All children were successfully treated; no deaths were reported during follow-up.There were no significant differences in gender, clinical manifestations, positive myocardial injury markers, electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiography findings, and proportion of children with high-risk anatomy among the different AAOCA groups (ALCA, ARCA, and non-coronary sinus AAOCA). Divided by age, there were nine (13.1%) children in infant group, 11 (15.9%) in preschool group, and 49 (71.0%) in school age group.More infants were asymptomatic than preschoolers ( P<0.001). Forty-three (62.3%) patients had a high-risk anatomy: two patients with acute take-off angles, four patients with stenosis or slit-like orifices, and 37 patients with interarterial courses.The remaining patients (37.7%) had non-high-risk anatomies.Children with a high-risk anatomy had severe symptoms and were prone to cardiac syncope ( P<0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis suggested that high-risk anatomy was an independent risk factor for cardiogenic syncope( OR=9.026, 95% CI 1.071~76.084, P=0.043). Conclusion:There are no significant differences in the proportion of high-risk anatomy and clinical characteristics among children with different AAOCA types.Younger children are often misdiagnosed due to atypical or insignificant clinical symptoms.The severity of clinical symptoms is related to the high-risk anatomy.High-risk anatomy is an independent risk factor for cardiogenic syncope in children with AAOCA.

Objective:To assess the impact of vaccination at school and influenza vaccination rates among school-age children on school absenteeism in Shenzhen.Methods:The study subjects were primary school students in Shenzhen. School absenteeism panel database from December 2017 to June 2020 of 286 primary schools in Shenzhen was merged with vaccination rates and organizational patterns ( i.e., vaccination at school vs. non-school) data of 9 districts in Shenzhen after influenza vaccination for children. The outcome was the number of school absenteeism. The treatment and control groups were distinguished by organizational patterns and district vaccination rates. Difference-in-Difference (DiD) Poisson regressions were used to analyze the effectiveness of vaccination at school and higher vaccination rates. Besides, a robustness test was performed on the regression results. Results:Poisson regression analysis and robustness test of regression results showed that vaccination at school and higher vaccination rates effectively reduced the risk of school absenteeism, with effectiveness against absenteeism of 32.6% (95% CI: 17.0%-45.3%, P<0.01) and 53.0% (95% CI: 42.1%-61.8%, P<0.01), respectively. Conclusion:A free influenza vaccination program for school-age children in Shenzhen and prioritizing school-based vaccination may be an effective measure to reduce the risk of school absenteeism.

Establishing a comprehensive mechanism for the initiation and review of investigator-initiated trial(IIT) plays an important role in ensuring the scientific validity of clinical research and improving research quality.Since 2021, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University had actively explored improvements in the project management of IIT. The hospital had established a standardized grading review management process, developed an integrated clinical research management system, established a three-level clinical research training system, built a methodological support platform, and formulated research plan templates, gradually formed a standardized grading project approval review management mode. As of February 2024, the hospital had completed 400 quick reviews and more than 400 expert letter reviews based on the integrated clinical research management system. The efficiency and quality of IIT project approval had been improved. At the same time, over 40 academic salons and forums had been held, cultivating a group of young clinical research talents, providing data management training for more than 30 clinical departments, and promoting the improvement of the quality of research protocol. In the future, hospitals should further optimize their information systems, expand the influence of their training systems, enhance the capabilities of their methodological support platforms, and improve the efficiency of the application of clinical research protocol templates, so as to escort the establishment and implementation of high-quality clinical research projects and provide references for other hospitals′ IIT project management.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has become a major gastroenterologic problem during recent decades. Numerous complicating factors are involved in UC development such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiota disorder. These factors exacerbate damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Spirulina platensis is a commercial alga with various biological activity that is widely used as a functional ingredient in food and beverage products. However, there have been few studies on the treatment of UC using S. platensis aqueous extracts (SP), and the underlying mechanism of action of SP against UC has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of SP on microbiota disorders in UC mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms by which SP alleviates damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to establish a normal human colonic epithelial cell (NCM460) injury model and UC animal model. The mitochondrial membrane potential assay 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33258 were carried out to determine the effects of SP on the NCM460 cell injury model. Moreover, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing were used to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of SP on UC in C57BL/6 mice. In vitro studies showed that SP alleviated DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury. SP also significantly reduced the excessive generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented mitochondrial membrane potential reduction after DSS challenge. In vivo studies indicated that SP administration could alleviate the severity of DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage compared with the control group. Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress was associated with increases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) post-SP treatment. SP improved gut microbiota disorder mainly by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression of TJs in the colon. Our findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SP against UC is based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction, inhibition of DSS-induced ROS production, and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes and TJs in the colonic mucosal barrier.

Objective:To analyze the antibody levels and dynamic changes in patients infected with 2019-novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV).Methods:The average age of 72 corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients was (45.53±16.74)years(median age:47 year), including (44.88±17.09) years(median age:46 year) for 38 males and (46.32±16.52)years (median age:46 year) for 34 females in Loudi City, Hunan Province. There is no significant difference in genders between the severe and mild groups (χ2=0.916, P>0.05). There is a significant difference in the age between the severe and mild groups ( F=3.315, P<0.05). The blood samples of 72 discharged patients were collected and the consistence of IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by chemiluminescence method. SPSS25.0 was used for gender, age, case type and antibody analysis of variance, χ 2 test and other analysis. Results:The average time of the serum samples collection of 72 patients was (34.89±9.02)days (median time: 34 days) from onset of COVID-19, and (14.53±8.35) days (median time: 14 days) from discharge. The positive rate of IgM or IgG was 97.22% (70/72), and the positive rate of IgM and IgG was 48.61% (35/72) and 97.22% (70/72) respectively. Serum COVID-19 antibodies were detected in 72 patients from 1st to 40th days after discharge. The average concentration of IgM in 1-7 days, 8-14 days, 15-21 days, 22-28 days, above 29 days were 21.91(7.07-52.84)AU/ml, 14.16(6.19-32.88)AU/ml, 11.36(6.65-42.15)AU/ml, 8.15(3.66-30.12)AU/ml, 2.98(0.46-6.37)AU/ml. There was no significant difference in the time of IgM antibody concentration ( H= 8.439, P>0.05). The average concentrations of IgG in 1-7 days, 8-14 days, 15-21 days, 22-28 days, 29 days and above were 169.90 (92.06-190.91) AU/ml, 163.89 (91.19-208.02) AU/ml, 173.31 (95.06-191.28) AU/ml, 122.84 (103.19-188.34) AU/ml, 101.98 (43.75-175.30) AU/ml, respectively, ( H=2.232, P>0.05). The IgM becomes negative after the 3rd week of discharge and decreases rapidly with time. The IgG concentration higher than IgM during the same period, and keep at high level without any change, and decrease in the fourth week. Among them, 5 cases developed "re-infection" within 1-3 weeks after discharge, and the rate of "re-infection" was 6.94% (5/72 cases). Conclusions:After the COVID-19 patients are discharged from the hospital, the level of antibodies produced varies greatly among individuals, but the overall changes in antibodies have a certain pattern. It is recommended to strengthen the antibody monitoring during hospitalization and after discharge from the hospital to reduce the "re-infection" rate and potential risk of infection.