This study was aimed to explore rules of classification and quantitative diagnosis of syndromes of as-thenospermia and oligospermatism on the basis of statistical analysis of the multi-factor. Factor analysis was used to analyze clinical symptoms of 507 patients. Scores were given according to the severity of symptoms. Five repre-sentative factors were extracted from the symptoms of asthenospermia and oligospermatism, which are the downward diffusion of damp-heat, kidney essence insufficiency, kidney yang deficiency, liver qi stagnation and kidney yin deficiency. Syndromes were quantized at the same time. Rules of syndrome sorting and quantitative diagnosis which come from large-scale sample provide evidences for clinical diagnosis of asthenospermia and oligospermatism.

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Bushen-Huoxue-Tonglin formula (BSHXTLF) on Ki-67 and apoptotic bodies in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rats. A total of 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were the sham operation group, model group, Proscar group (0.8 mg?kg-1), BSHXTLF groups with low, middle and high dose (7.5, 15, 22.5 g?kg-1). Except the sham operation group, the BPH model was established by injecting testosterone propionate (5 mg?kg-1) for 30 days after removing both testicles in the rats. The drugs were administrated once a day for 30 days at the same time. The immunohistochemical and TUNEL methods were used to determine Ki-67 and apoptotic bodies, respectively. The results showed that compared with the model group , the expression of Ki-67 in treatment groups was decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with Proscar group and low-dose BSHXTLF group, the expression of Ki-67 in the middle- and high-dose BSHXTLF group was decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with the middle-dose BSHXTLF group , the expression of Ki-67 in the high-dose BSHXTLF group was decreased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with the model group , the expression of apoptot-ic bodies in each treatment group was increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . Compared with Proscar group , low-dose and middle-dose BSHXTLF group, the expression of apoptotic bodies in the high-dose BSHXTLF group was increased (P <0.05). It was concluded that BSHXTLF may decrease the expression of Ki-67 and increase the expression of apoptotic bodies in BPH rats. These results provided objective evidences for clinical treatment of BPH.

This study was aimed to observe the effect of Bu-Shen Huo-Xue Tong-Lin (BSHXTL) formula on gene expression of Caspase-3 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rats. A total of 72 rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, proscar group, low-dose BSHXTL group, middle-dose BSHXTL group and high-dose BSHXTL group. The rat model was established by injecting testosterone propionate for 30 days after removing testis except the sham operation group. The drugs were administered once a day at the same time of the model establishment. Immunohistochemical method was used to measure positive average gray. And RT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression of Caspase-3.The results showed that compared with the model group, the expression of Caspase-3 and mRNA in each treatment groups were increased (P < 0.05). And the high-dose BSHXTL group was higher than the proscar group and low-dose BSHXTL group (P< 0.05). It was concluded that BSHXTL formula may upregulate gene expression of Caspase-3, which may be the mechanism of BPH treatment.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and sperm density of Bushen Yijing decoction and tamoxifen,zinc and vitamin E in treating oligospermia with kidney deficiency syndrome .Methods 450 patients with oligospermia were randomly divided into 3 groups.150 patients of the treatment group were treated by Bushen Yijing decoction,tamoxifen,zinc and vitamin E,150 patients of the control group I were treated by Bushen Yijing decoction , zinc and vitamin E,150 patients of the control group II were treated by tamoxifen ,zinc and vitamin E.3 groups were treated for 3 months,pregnancy terminating of treatment and otherwise continued to observe for 3 months after the end of treatment,the sperm density and other sperm parameters (sperm amount,pH,sperm motility,sperm survival rate, sperm normal modality rate ) were evaluated before and after treatment .Results The total effective rates of the treat-ment group,control group I and II were 90.21%,85.11%,72.22%respectively.The total effective rate of the treat-ment group was higher than that of the control group I (χ2 =9.53,P<0.05) and II(χ2 =23.38,P<0.01).The pregnancy rates of the treatment group ,control group I and II were 42.66%,25.53%,20.83%,respectively.The pregnancy rate of treatment group was significantly better than that of the control group I (χ2 =9.26,P<0.01) and II (χ2 =15.78,P<0.01).There were significant differences between before and after treatment on sperm density , sperm motility,sperm survival rate and sperm normal modality rate in the treatment group ( t=-22.22,-18.07,-33.48,-28.46,all P<0.01).Conclusion Bushen Yijing decoction combined with tamoxifen ,zinc and vitamin E can evidently improve the sperm density and other sperm qualities and conception rate of oligospermia with kidney deficiency syndrome .

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of free-frying granules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on treatment of chronic prostatitis. A total of 120 chronic prostatitis patients that were diagnosed with the dampness-heat and blood-stasis syndrome and kidney-deficiency syndrome were divided into the TCM group and western medicine group by random digit table. Category II and ⅢA chronic prostatitis were treated with oral administration of Levofloxacin Mesylate Tablets (0.2 g, bid) and the category ⅢB chronic prostatitis was treated with oral administration of Terazosin Hydrochloride Tablets (2 mg, qd). In the TCM group, the dampness-heat and blood-stasis syndrome was treated with Tongluo Qingjie formula ( which was self-made formula containing Rhizoma Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae, Herba Patriniae, Semen Plantaginis, and etc.) and the kidney-deficiency syndrome was treated with Jiawei Wuzhi Yanzong pills (which containing Semen Cuscutae, Chinese Wolfberry, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Rubi and Schisandra chinensis, and etc.). Four weeks was one course of treatment. The results showed that the total effective rate of TCM group was better than that of western medicine group (P< 0.05). Effect of TCM group was obviously better than that of western medicine group in the improvement of prostatitis NIH-CPSI score, the quality of life and symptoms of the patients. TCM may increase lecithin corpuscle in prostatic fluid of ⅢA chronic prostatitis (P< 0.05). Meanwhile, no obvious toxiferous and side reactions were found. It was concluded that the free-frying granules of TCM have good efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic prostatitis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） suppository combined with Yishen Tongluo Qingkang decoction in the treatment of immune infertility. MethodA total of 116 patients meeting the inclusion criteria of this study were randomly divided into an observation group （58 cases） and a control group （58 cases）. The observation group was treated with TCM suppository combined with Yishen Tongluo Qingkang decoction，and the control group was treated with prednisone acetate tablets. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks and followed up six months after treatment. Semen samples of the patients were collected before and after treatment，and the pregnancy status of their spouses，negative conversion rate of seminal plasma anti-sperm antibody （AsAb），sperm concentration，motility，percentage of forward motile sperm，sperm acrosin activity， and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. ResultA total of 104 patients completed the study，including 53 cases in the observation group and 51 cases in the control group. Before treatment，the baseline data of the two groups were balanced. After treatment，the total effective rate of the observation group was 92.45%，which was higher than that of the control group （76.47%）（P<0.05），and the negative conversion rate of AsAb in the observation group was higher than that in the control group，but the difference was not statistically significant. After treatment，the sperm motility， percentage of forward motile sperm， and sperm acrosin activity increased in the two groups（P<0.05），and the sperm concentration in the observation group increased （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in sperm concentration in the control group. After treatment，the sperm concentration，motility，percentage of forward motile sperm， and acrosin activity in the observation group were better than those in the control group （P<0.05）. During the trial，the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionTCM suppository combined with Yishen Tongluo Qingkang decoction can significantly increase the negative conversion rate of AsAb and improve the quality of semen in patients with immune infertility.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of Yishen Tongluo Prescription in treating patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia due to kidney deficiency and collateral obstruction， as well as the effects of this formula on biochemical indices and oxidative stress of seminal plasma. MethodsPatients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated by the random number table method into an observation group （61 patients， including 2 dropped out and 59 completed） and a control group （61 patients， including 2 dropped out， 1 excluded， and 58 completed）. The observation group took Yishen Tongluo Prescription orally， 1 dose/day， and the control group took levocarnitine oral solution， 10 mL/time， 3 times/day. Both groups received a treatment course of 12 weeks and were followed up for 6 weeks. The percentage of progressive motile sperms （PR）， percentage of sperms with normal morphology， seminal plasma oxidative stress indicators ［malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）］， seminal plasma biochemical indicators ［acid phosphatase （ACP）， zinc （Zn）， fructose （Fru）， and alpha-glucosidase （α-Glu）］， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom scores were recorded for both groups before and after treatment. ResultsThe total response rate in the observation group was 76.3% （45/59）， which was higher than that （44.8%， 26/58） in the control group （χ²=12.120， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups of patients showed increases in PR， percentage of sperms with normal morphology， and seminal plasma SOD level （P<0.05）， which were higher in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The MDA level and TCM symptom scores decreased in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， and the decreases were more obvious in the observation group than in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the seminal plasma levels of ACP， Zn， Fru， and α-Glu in the observation group （P<0.05） and that of α-Glu in the control group （P<0.05） rose. Moreover， the observation group had higher seminal plasma levels of ACP， Zn， Fru， and α-Glu than the control group （P<0.05）. Neither group showed obvious adverse reactions. ConclusionIn summaryYishen Tongluo prescription is able to improve the sperm vitality and reduce the sperm abnormality rate in infertile patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia due to kidney deficiency and collateral obstruction. It may exert therapeutic effects by regulating the microenvironments of the epididymis， prostate， and seminal vesicles， thereby recovering the seminal plasma biochemical levels， enhancing the antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma， clearing excessive reactive oxygen species， and alleviating oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel combined with Yishen Tongluo prescription in the treatment of infertility induced by idiopathic asthenozoospermia （iAZS） with kidney-Yang deficiency and collateral obstruction syndrome and its effect on sperm DNA damage and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the seminal plasma. MethodsA total of 112 eligible patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an observation group （56 cases） and a control group （56 cases）. The patients in the observation group were treated with herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel combined with Yishen Tongluo prescription，while those in the control group received levocarnitine oral liquid. The primary observation indicators included spouse pregnancy rate，progressive motility （PR），and total sperm motility，and the secondary observation indicators included sperm DNA fragmentation index （DFI），SOD in the seminal plasma， and improvement of TCM syndromes. The treatment cycle was 12 weeks. Before and after treatment，the PR，total sperm motility，sperm DFI，SOD in the seminal plasma， and TCM syndrome scores were recorded. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks and the pregnancy status of spouses within 24 weeks （half a year） was recorded. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. ResultThe pregnancy rate of spouses in the observation group was 15.69% （8/51）， higher than 3.85% （2/52） in the control group （χ²=4.118，P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the observation group was 88.24%（45/51）， superior to 69.23% （36/52）in the control group （Z=-3.402，P<0.01）. After treatment， PR， total sperm motility，sperm DFI， SOD in the seminal plasma， and TCM syndromes of the two groups were improved compared with those before treatment （P<0.05）， and the observation group was superior to the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionHerb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel combined with Yishen Tongluo prescription in the treatment of iAZS-induced infertility patients with kidney-Yang deficiency and collateral obstruction syndrome can increase PR，total sperm motility， and SOD level in the seminal plasma， reduce sperm DFI，improve the TCM symptoms of patients， and improve the pregnancy rate of spouses. The mechanism may be attributed to the fact that this treatment can increase the SOD level in the seminal plasma of patients，enhance the body's antioxidant function，protect sperm from oxidative stress damage，and reduce sperm DFI.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of governor meridian moxibustion combined with modified Youguiwan in treating erectile dysfunction of kidney Yang deficiency type and its influence on the level of sex hormones and penile hemodynamics. MethodA total of 120 patients were randomized into the control group （60 cases in total， 3 dropouts/lost to follow-ups， 57 finally included） and treatment group （60 cases in total， 2 dropouts/lost to follow-ups， 58 finally included） with the random number table method. Both groups received governor meridian moxibustion （1 time/w， a total of 4 times）. In addition， the control group took oral compound Xuanju capsule （3 capsules/time， 3 times/d）， and the treatment group was given Jiawei Youguiwan （Chinese medicine decoction， 1 dose/d）. The administration lasted 4 weeks for both groups. The scores of 5^th edition international index of erectile function （IIEF-5）， erection quality scale （EQS）， and erectile hardness score （EHS）， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， levels of sex hormones ［testosterone （T）， follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， prolactin （PRL）］， and parameters of penile hemodynamics ［peak systolic velocity （PSV）， end-diastolic volume （EDV）， and resistance index （RI）］ were recorded. ResultAfter treatment， the total effective rate was 87.93% （51/58） in the treatment group， higher than the 71.93% （41/57） in the control group （χ²=4.600 3， P<0.05）. After treatment， compared with before treatment，the treatment group registered increase in the scores of IIEF-5， EQS， and EHS （P<0.01）， decrease in TCM syndrome score （P<0.01）， rise of serum T level （P<0.05）， reduction in the levels of FSH， LH， and PRL （P<0.05）， increase in the levels of PSV and RI （P<0.05）， and down-regulation of EDV level （P<0.05）. ConclusionGovernor meridian moxibustion combined with modified Youguiwan can effectively improve the penile erectile function， erectile hardness， and erection quality， and relieve the clinical symptoms of erectile dysfunction patients of kidney Yang deficiency type.