Objective To prove the mechanism of diethylstibestrol(DES) induced abnormal spermatogenesis,this study on the changes of proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and p53 proteins as well as cadherin adherens molecules expression in adult male hamster spermatogenic cells. Methods Adult male golden hamsters were treated daily olive oil vehicle either alone(control)or containing 1 mg/kg body weight of DES (experiment)by subcutaneous injection for 7 days.The changes of testes histological morphology were observed under light and electron microscope.The expressions of bcl-2 and p53 and cadherin in the testes seminiferous epithelium were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results DES induced adult hamster testes abnormal spermatogenesis.As compared to the control group animals,in DES-treated group animals the expression of both bcl-2 and p53 significantly increased in spermatogenic cells,especially in spermatocytes and round spermatids.However,the expression of cadherin adherens molecules obviously decreased.Conclusion It is one of reasons of DES inducing abnormal spermatogenesis that DES can result in increasing in the expression of proto-oncogenes bcl-2 and p53,and reducing cadherin adherens molecules expression.

The standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion in Canada is increasingly flouring nowadays:on one hand,acupuncture industry in legislated provinces is in the charge of direct administrative departments and associations of acu-moxi; on the other hand,according to the local situations,relevant regulations have been made,which are concentrated on two aspects-technical and administrative standards.Undoubtedly,Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies for TCM Practitioners and Acupuncturist (CARB),united by each provincial TCM/Acupuncture Administration,is the first step to issue federal standards and establish federal level management institution.However,now the releasing of a fundamental regulatory file is in need of active corporation and publicity from each province and association.Therefore,it shows that the body of standardization in Canada is still not relatively perfect.Through introducing and analyzing the relevant information,the author expects that the readers can know the current development of acupuncture and moxibustion standardization in Canada.

Objective To prospectively evaluate the influence of average heart rate,heart rate variability and ECG editing on image quality of 64-slice CT coronary angiography(CTCA)in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods Fifty patients who were diagnosed with AF underwent respective ECG-gating 64-slice CTCA Image quality(good,moderate,poor)were evaluated on vessel segment level pre-and post ECG editing.Chi-square test was performed to compare the image quality in patients with various average heart rate,heart rate variability,and pre-and post ECC editing.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to test the relationship between the image quality and average heart rate and heart rate variability.Sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)were calculated by using the conventional angiography as the standard reference.Results The average heart rate of the fifty AF patients was(89±23)beat/min,with variability of(18.2±6.1)beat/min.Finally,24(3.4%)segments were considered to have poor image quality in 6(12.0%)patients.Image quality decreased significantly(P＜0.05)at the average heart rate of over 100 beats per minute(11 segments)or the standard deviation of heart rate of over 24 beats per minute(11 segments).There was significant correlation between the mean heart rate and the image quality for all segments,the RCA,and distal section of coronary artery(r=0.50,0.55,0.53,0.49,0.42,0.44;P＜0.05).Heart rate variability was also significant correlated with the image quality.There was significant difference on image quality pre-and post ECG editing(P=0.013).The respective overall sensitivity,specificity,NPV,PPV values were 100%(6/6),93.2%(41/44),100%(41/41),and 66.7%(6/9).Conclusion ECG editing can improve the success rate and the image quality of 64-slice CTCA effectively in patients with AF within a certain range of average heart rates and heart rate variability.

Objective To investigate the application of low-dose adaptive sequence scan of dual-source CT coronary angiography in patients with high heart rate and evaluate the image quality.Methods Seventy-two patients who underwent coronary CT angiography with heart rate> 70 bpm were divided into 2 groups.Group A was adaptive sequence scan, and Group B was retrospective ECG-gating helical scan.Examinations were performed on a dual-source CT scanner (Somatom Definition) .All images were transferred to a workstation for further processing and analysis.The image quality was evaluated using same criteria.The image quality of coronary artery segments was compared in two groups using rank sum test, and the radiation dose was compared using t test Results A total of 501 coronary artery segments were evaluated in group A and 400 segments in group B.The mean ranks in image quality of coronary artery segments in group A was 475.42, whereas 420.41 in group B.There was a statistical difference in image quality between the two groups (Z= - 3.509,P=0.000).The effective dose was on average (6.2±0.9) mSv in group A, whereas on average (14.7±1.9) mSv in group B, there was a statistical difference between the two groups(t= - 27.011, P=0.000).Conclusions Adaptive sequence scan in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with high heart rates.This scan mode can substantially reduce radiation dose and maintain the diagnostic image quality.

The development of acupuncture in Australia has been booming.Under this circumstance,a series of acupuncture standards,codes and guidelines were established by different associations of TCM in Australia.Moreover,Australia has set the front pace in the field of acupuncture standards among the countries outside China.This paper is to introduce the acupuncture standards of Australia in three aspects respectively:national standards,industry standards and regional standards and to generalize the content of the main standards as well as analyze the current condition of Australian acupuncture standardization in order to generally give an all-around view of Australian acupuncture standards to the researchers in the field of international acupuncture standards.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of coronary CT angiography in single cardiac cycle and to analyze the image quality and radiation dose in patients with high heart rate(HR) using 256-row detector CT. Methods Ninety-two consecutive patients between October and November 2015 who were suspected coronary artery disease underwent coronary CT angiography(CCTA) were enrolled, which was performed with a 256-row detector CT(Revolution CT, GE Healthcare) using prospective ECG-triggered volume CCTA within a single cardiac cycle with snapshot freeze(SSF) technique. The patients were grouped by HR during CT scans: group A(80—89 bpm, n=56), group B(90—99 bpm, n=20), and group C(≥100 bpm, n=16). Image quality was compared before and after using SSF technique reconstructions in seventy-four patients. The image quality of coronary artery was evaluated blindly by 2 experienced radiologists using a four-point scale based on the 18-segment model according to the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography guidelines. The differences in age, body mass index, heart rate and CT dose index volume,effective dose(ED) among the three groups were compared by using ANOVA analysis or Kruskal-Wallis test, the image quality and interpretability using χ2 test. Comparisons of image quality between standard and SSF were performed with paired Wilcoxon rank sum test. Kappa coefficient was used to test inter-observer agreement. Results A total of 1 065 coronary artery segments, 98.97%(1 054/1 065) met the requirements for diagnosis. No significant difference was found(χ2=1.274, P=0.563) for the diagnostic image quality of coronary artery segments among the 3 groups with 98.64%(651/660), 99.57%(232/233), 99.42%(171/172), respectively. Significant difference(χ2=68.811, P<0.05) was found for diagnostic image quality before and after using SSF with increase from 90.29%(772/855) to 99.44%(881/886). Image quality was improved with the use of SSF reconstructions and the diagnostic segments were also increased. The median of ED for group A, B and C was 2.03, 1.93, 2.37 mSv, respectively. There was no significant difference in ED among group A, B and group C(H=2.412,P>0.05). Conclusions Single cardiac cycle scan is feasibility for coronary CT angiography in patients with high heart rate using 256-row detector CT. This scan mode can maintain the diagnostic image quality with low radiation dose. SSF technique can improve the image quality.

Objective To evaluate the combination of dual-energy CT angiography (DE-CTA) and dual-energy CT peffusion (DE-CTP) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Methods Thirty-one patients with angina pectoris were examined using dual-source dual energy CT and conventional coronary angiography. For DE-CTA, we used a contrast-enhanced ECG-gated coronary scan protocol with energy levels of two tube detector arrays at 140 and 100 kVp. Two kinds of acquired images were fused for the CT angiogram and further calculated to construct a perfusion map (Siemens DE Heart PBV). The compared the following results: DE-CTA vs. CA, DE-CTP vs. CA to assess the sensitivity and specificity, and further compared DE-CTA plus DE-CTP with CA. Results DECT obtained diagnostic image quality in 28 patients.DE-CTA detected 41/112 arterial stenosis. Using CA as a reference, the sensitivity of DE-CTA was 81%(38/47), specificity was 95% (62/65), positive predictive value was 92% (38/41), negative predictive value was 87% (62/71), and accuracy was 89% (100/112). DE-CTP detected 46 perfusion defects in artery territories. Using CA as a reference, the sensitivity of DE-CTP was 76% ( 36/47), specificity was 85% (55/65), positive predictive value was 78% (36/46), negative predictive value was 83% (55/66),and accuracy was 81% (91/112). DE-CTA plus DE-CTP diagnosed 52 arteries stenosis. Using CA as a reference, combination of DE-CTA and DE-CTP gave sensitivity of 95% ( 45/47 ), specificity of 89%(58/65) , NPV of 97% (58/60), and accuracy of 92% (103/112). Conclusions DECT can provide perfusion blood volume information as well as vessel pathology in one scan. DECT can provide comprehensive diagnosis and improve diagnosis of CAD.

Objective To explore the application value of magnetic resonance molecular functional imaging diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in the identification of pancreatic carcinoma and mass-type pancreatitis of animal model.Methods Each 8 cases of laboratory pancreatic head transplantation tumor model,chronic mass-type pancreatitis model and normal rabbits were selected and performed the MR DWI molecular functional imaging,the b values were 333,667,1 000 s/mm2 respectively.The apparent diffusion coefficients(ADC) of pancreatic carcinoma model,mass-type pancreatitis model and normal pancreas under different b values were observed.Then the change situation of ADC values of pancreatic carcinoma model,mass-type pancreatitis model and normal pancreas under different b values and difference of ADC(DADC) was analyzed.Moreover the differences in molecular diffusion,tissue perfusion among various groups were observed.Results Throughout the study period,the mortality rate of pancreatic head transplantation tumor model was 50%;the mass-type pancreatitis model and 8 normal rabbits were normally survival.The ADC value of pancreatic carcinoma under the same b value was significantly lower than that of chronic inflammation and normal pancreas area.The ADC value in each group was decreased with the increase of b value,and there was significant difference in ADC value when the b value was 333 s/mm2(F=6.662,P=0.014),in the pairwise comparison among groups,the difference between pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis (t=6.773,P=0.003) and between pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas(t=5.883,P=0.016) had statistical significance (P<0.05).The b value was increased,DADC was smaller,the difference change of DADC between pancreatic cancer area and chronic pancreatitis mass area,between pancreatic cancer area and normal pancreatic head area had statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Rationally selecting the molecular functional imaging DWI technology of b value can better distinguish pancreatic cancer from mass-type pancreatitis,which may be promoted and applied in the evaluation of animal pancreatic head cancer model.

Europe occupies an important position in the world herbal medicine market. The registration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in EU is of great significance to the internationalization of TCM. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has designed a relatively complete management system and regulatory guidelines for the registration and supervision of herbal medicinal products. The promulgation of the DIRECTIVE 2004/24/EC (2004 / 24 / EC) indicates that TCM could enter the EU market through simplified registration. Based on the registration conditions, registration authority and document guideines of Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products (THMPs) in EU, this paper analyzes the application requirements of simple registration of traditional herbal products in EU, and provides suggestions for the simplified registration of TCM in EU according to the registration requirements of medicinal history, quality requirements and application data format.