Umbilical venous catheterization (UVC) is associated with many complications, such as displacement of the catheter, infection, exudation, thrombosis, pericardial effusion/pleural effusion, of which central line-associated bloodstream infections has been of long-standing interest. There is currently no optimal method for estimating the depth of UVC insertion. Ultrasound examination can be used to evaluate the position of the end of the tube after catheterization to avoid organ damage and complications caused by displacement and dislocation. However, whilst it is known that there is a correlation between the duration of UVC and central line-associated bloodstream infection, a consensus is yet to be reached regarding the optimal duration of UVC retention. More, high quality evidence through multi-center, prospective randomized controlled study is needed.

Objective: To investigte the lipogenic and lipolytic metabolism at dynamic phase of obesity in ventromedial hypothalamus-lesioned obese rats. Methods: Female SD rats were divided into two groups, one group received bilateral electrolytic lesions of ventromedial hypothalamus(VMH),and the other one was used as sham control. Samples of blood, livers and subcutaneous, parametric and mesenteric adipose tissues were collected one week after VMH lesions and sham operations. Results: Activities of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein(MTP) in hepatocytes, and phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), malic enzyme(ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH)in liver, parametric and mesenteric adipose tissue in VMH-lesioned rats were increased as compared to their sham counterparts. Activity of hormone sensitive enzyme(HSL) in parametric and mesenteric adipose tissue in VMH-lesioned rats was not changed when compared to sham group. Activity of HSL in subcutaneons adipose tissue was increased, while activity of HSL in gastrocnemius was decreased. Activity of lipoprotein lipase(LPL) in parametric and mesenteric adipose tissue and gastrocnemius were enhanced significantly compared to sham group. Conclusion: In dynamic phase of obesity of VMH-lesioned rats, hepatic production and transportation of triglyceride in these rats were increased significantly ,and lipogenic metabolism and storage of triglyceride in adipose tissues such as parametric and mesenteric adipose tissues were also enhanced.Meanwhile, lipolytic metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue and gastrocnemius was also increased.

Objective: To investigate activities of lipo-related enzymes in ventromedial hypothalamic obese rats at acute phase in fed state. Methods: Female SD rats were divided into two groups, one group received bilateral electrolytic lesions of ventromedial hypothalamus(VMH), and another one was used as sham control. Samples of blood, livers, and subcutaneous, parametric and mesenteric adipose tissues ,and gastrocnemius were collected one week after VMH lesions and sham operations in fed state. Results: Serum insulin in VMH group was higher than that in sham group, meanwhile serum free fatty acids in VMH group were lower (P

Objective To investigate the effect of oil with medium-long-chain triacylglycerols on blood lip- id and lipoproteins in hyperlipemic patients. Methods Totally, 112 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were en- rolled and randomly divided into MLCT group (consumed oil with medium-long-chain fatty acids) and LCT group (consumed oil with long-chain fatty acids) (both 25-30 g/d for 8 weeks). Patients in both two groups were also instructed to take exercises. Height and weight were measured at baseline and 8 weeks later. Blood glucose, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterols (TC), triglyc- erides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein Al (ApoAl), ApoB, ApoA II , ApoC2, ApoC3, and ApoE were measured and compared. Results At the end of study, 101 subjects were included. There were 50 subjects left in LCT group and 51 subjects left in MLCT group, respectively. There was no significant difference in weight, ALT, AST, TC, and TG at baseline between two groups (P>0.05). Eight weeks later, weight, serum TG, ApoC2, and ApoC3 were significantly lower and ApoAl level was significantly higher than those at baseline in MLCT group (P < 0.05). At the end of study, the decreases in body weight and blood biochemical variables including TG, ApoB, ApoA II , ApoC2, ApoC3 were significantly much greater in MLCT groups than those in LCT group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion When the diet is reasonably controlled, oil of medium-long-chain triacylglycerols may reduce the concentration of TG and improve the levels of apolipoproteins.

Objective To investigate the effects of medium-and long-chain fatty acid triacylglycerols on blood lipid in hyperltriacylglycerolemic subjects. Method A case-control clinical trial was carried out,in which 112 subjects with hypertriacylglycerolemia were enrolled and divided into two groups. These two groups were randomized to long-chain fatty acid triacylglycerol oil(LCT) ,and medium-and long-chain fatty acid triacylglycerol oil(MLCT) . All subjects were requested to ingest fixed energy intake and perform physical activity daily during the whole study. Both of the oils were asked to consume at 25-30g daily for consecutive 8w. Anthropometric measurements and blood biochemical variables were measured at the initial and final time of the study. Results Eleven subjects were excluded from the study because of various reasons. There were 50 and 51 subjects left in LCT and MLCT group,respectively. No difference of sex distribution was noted between two groups. There were also no significant differences in daily intake of energy,protein,fat and carbohydrate,as well as daily physical activity time between two groups at 0,2,4,6 and 8w. The subjects consuming MLCT demonstrated significant decreasesin body weight,BMI,WC,HC,WHR,body fat,body fat % compared with the initial values after 8w. A greater extent of decrease in body weight,BMI,WC,body fat and body fat% was found in MLCT group than in LCT group. The levels of TG,ApoB,ApoAII,ApoC2,ApoC3 in MLCT group were significantly lower than those in LCT group after 8 w,and the extent of decrease in these indicators was much greater in the former than in the latter. Conclusion Consumption of medium-and long-chain fatty acid oil may help to reduce body weight,body fat and concentration of blood triacylglycerol and improve apolipoprotein metabolism in hypertriacylgly cerolemic subjects under an appropriate dietary regime.

Objective To compare the effects of oil with medium-long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCT) on lipid metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic patients with different sex. Method One hundred and one subjects with hypertriglyceridemia were enrolled and divided into two groups. One group consumed oil with MLCT (50 subjects) and another group with long-chain fatty acid triglyceride LCT (51 subjects) for 8 w. No sex difference was noted between two groups. All subjects were informed to consume 25-30g oils daily with fixed energy and perform exercise informed. Anthropometric measurements of body weight,waist circumference (WC) body fat weight, total visceral and subcutaneous fat area in abdomen and blood biochemical variables of aspartate amino- transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoB, ApoAⅡ, ApoC2, ApoC3 and ApoE were measured at initial and final time of the experiment. Results The decreases in body weight, BMI, WC, body fat weight, total and subcutaneous fat area, and blood TG, LDL-C, ApoAⅡ, ApoB, ApoC2, ApoC3, ApoE in male subjects consuming MLCT were much greater than those consuming LCT after 8 w. However, there were no significant differences in these parameters in female subjects between two groups. Conclusion Consumption of oil with MLCT reduces body weight, body fat and blood TG and improves apolipoprotein metabolism in male hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects, but not in female.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and relation of body mass index (BMI) to body fat percentage and waist circumference in Chinese healthy adults. Methods: 1005 healthy adults were divided into five groups by BMI,which was made by WHO's recent classification of BMI for Asian adults. Anthropometric measurements (waist and hip circumference , skinfold thickness and ratio of waist and hip circumference) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were done in subjects. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity classⅠin males were significantly higher than in females. The prevalence of obesity classⅡwas lower both in males and in females. Females had higher percent body fat than males measured by BIA and by skinfold thickness measurements. BMI was significantly correlated with waist circumference in all age groups. Waist circumference was more than 80 cm in overweight females, and more than 90 cm in obesity classⅠin males. Conclusion: The age of overweight and obesity in males was younger than in females. The body fat in females was higher than in males. BMI cut off points for obesity diagnosis are over estimated much more than BIA and skinfold thickness measurements for percent body fat in adults. It should be noted that age, sex and physical activity need to be considered besides BMI when obesity is diagnosed.

Objective: To investigate the effects of green tea polysaccharides (TPs) on glucose metabolism and the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-?) in KKAy type 2 diabetic mice. Methods: Glucose tolerance test, fasting and postprandial glucose, gluconeogenesis, and insulin sensitivity were investigated in type 2 diabetic mice with orally administered TPs at the dose of 500mg/kg for 4-10 w. Effect of TPs on activity of PPAR-? was tested in vitro. Results: TPs could not only improve glucose tolerance, but also reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose. In addition, TPs could inhibit gluconeogenesis and enhance insulin sensitivity in KKAy diabetic mice. TPs had also an effect of activating of PPAR-? with dose-response. Conclusion: TPs have beneficial effect of lowering blood glucose in KKAy type 2 diabetic mice, which may be induced by enhancing insulin sensitivity by activating of PPAR-?.