Following an introduction to the concept of medical surge capacity against catastrophic events,the paper made a systematic examination of the studies on the definition and classification of the capacity,surge capacity assessment,and surge capacity planning from the aspects of management science.On this basis,the authors call for medical surge capacity optimization and resource allocation study,in light of the guideline of multi-disciplinary study,development and evolution principles of such events,as well as the operation management thinking and mathematical modeling approach.These efforts will enable medical institutions in their emergency means against such events.

Objective To resolve the problem that qualified chloramine T was difficult to purchase for some basic laboratories Methods Using the solution of available chlorine prepared by bleaching power instead of chloramine T, the method for determination of cyanide in drinking water was improved Results The data obtained by this assay accorded with Beers Law in the range of 0～2 0 ?g/25 ml cyanide The detection limit,relative standard deviation,and recovery rate were 0 04?g,2 69%～3 09% and 97 50%～99 17% respectively Conclusion This method for determination of cyanide in drinking water was simple and easy to operate and presented good precision and accuracy

Objective To explore the effectiveness and feasibility of microwave Hesetor in resection of soft tissue sarcoma of deep thigh. Methods From January 2009 to August 2014, 33 patients underwent tumor resection of soft tissue sarcoma of deep thigh (10-37 cm in diameter).The high frequency electroscalpel was used in 15 cases before December 2012 (electroscalpel group) whereas the microwave Hesetor was used in 18 cases after January 2013 ( microwave group) .The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, transfusion proportion, length of hospital stay and postoperative drainage volume were compared between the two groups. Results The intraoperative blood loss was significantly decreased in the microwave Hesetor group as compared with that in the electroscalpel group [(175.0 ±129.8) ml vs.(356.7 ±238.2) ml, t=-2.645, P=0.015].Three patients in the electroscalpel group were given blood transfusion of 200 ml, 400 ml and 400 ml, respectively, due to a massive intraoperative hemorrhage, while none in the microwave group required blood transfusion.There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding to the operation time, length of hospital stay and postoperative drainage volume (P>0.05). Conclusion Microwave Hesetor is of great value in the resection of soft tissue sarcoma of thigh for significantly reducing intraoperative bleeding and obviating blood transfusion.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of visual analog scale international prostate symptom score (VAS-IPSS) in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods Three hundred and ninety patients with BPH were recruited to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups:the standard IPSS group and the VAS-IPSS group.In each group,sub-groups were further divided to non-interpretation arm (A) and interpretation arm ( B),based on the availability of medical professionals to interpret patientsˊ VAS-IPSS score.In the same way,the similar sub-groups were established in VAS-IPSS group with non-interpretation arm (C) and interpretation arm (D).All the patients were required to fill out the same questionnaires at first consultation and second consultation with an interval of two weeks.Eventually,all the data were collected and analyzed.Results The ICC index was as follows for arms A through D:0.87 (95％CI0.72-0.94); 0.88 (95％CI0.74-0.95); 0.82 (95％CI0.59-0.92); 0.97(95％ CI 0.93-0.99).The optimal prediction factor for arm A was frequency (F =14.70,P =0.010)and the sub-optimal was nocturia ( F =12.10,P =0.000) and urgency ( F =11.80,P =0.000).The optimal prediction factor for arm B was nocturia ( F =6.02,P =0.000 ) and the sub-optimal was urinary incontinence ( F =5.79,P =0.008 ).The optimal prediction factor for arm C was nocturia ( F =30.98,P =0.000) and the sub-optimal was urinary incontinence ( F =22.42,P =0.000).The optimal prediction factor for arm D was nocturia ( F =20.20,P =0.000) and the sub-optimal was urinary incontinence ( F =18.00,P =0.000) and weak urine steam (F =15.30,P =0.000).Conclusions VAS-IPSS is more stable than the standard IPSS.The questionnaire explanation to patients is helpful for improving the VASIPSS stability.

Objective To evaluate the effects of gender and age on median-effective target plasma concentration(EC50)of propofol administered by target controlled infusion(TCI)causing respiratory depression.Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 40-79 yr,with body mass index 18-25 kg/m2.undergoing general anesthesia were divided into 4 groups(n=20 each):1 middle-aged male group(MA);Ⅱ middle-aged female group(FA);Ⅲold male group(MO) and Ⅳo ld female group(FO).No premedication was administered.Propofol Was administered by TCI for 15 min,using TCI system incorporating Marsh pharmacokinetic model.EC50 Was determined by up-end-down sequential trial.The target plasma concentration(Cr)was set at 3.1μg/ml in the first Patient in each group.Each time Cr increased/decreased by 10%in the next patient depending on whether or not the respiratory depression occurred.Respiratory depression was defined as RR<8 bpm,Vr≤5 ml/kg,end-tidal PCO2≥50 mm Hg,SaO2≤94%and/or apnea≥15s.Results The EC50 and 95%confidence interval of propofol TCI causing respiratory depression were 6.40(6.09-6.72)μg/ml in group MA,5.93(5.54-6.34)μg/ml group FA,4.58(4.32-4.91)μg/ml in group MO and 4.37(4.14-4.61)μg/ml in group FO.EC50 was significantly lower in group FO than in group FA and in group MO than in group MA,but there Was no significant difference in EC50 between group MA and group FA or between group MO and FO. Conclusion The potency of propofol given by TCI causing respiratory depression is increased in the old patients as compared with the middle-aged patients and is not related to sex.

Objective To evaluate the effect of obesity on the potency of propofol for sedation.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes, aged 35-55 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ , scheduled for elective operation under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study.The patients were divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) according to the body mass index (BMI) : normal body weight (BMI ＜ 25 kg/m2) group (group C) and obesity (BMI 30-40 kg/m2) group (group O).No patients received premedication.Propofol was given by target-controlled infusion.The initial target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 1.2 μg/ml.After the target concentration was steadily maintained for 30 s, it was increased in 0.3 μg/ml increment until the patients lost consciousness (OAA/S score =1).The target plasma concentration of propofol was recorded during each period.The median effective concentration (EC50) and 95％ confidence interval of propofol for loss of consciousness was calculated using probit analysis.Results The EC50 and 95％ confidence interval of propofol for loss of consciousness were 3.82 (3.73-3.90) and 3.29 (3.20-3.37) μg/ml in group C and group O, respectively.Compared with group C, the EC50 was significantly decreased in group O (P＜0.05).Conclusion Obesity can enhance the potency of propofol for sedation.

Objective: To investigate the effects of endurance running at different intensities on self-control of sedentary university students, and to reveal the immediate and sustained effects of exercise on cognitive control. Methods: Ninety students with sedentary behaviors from 7 universities in a university city in Shandong Province were selected by cluster stratified random sampling. 21, 23, 21 and 25 students in the high, medium and low intensity groups and the blank control group completed the 30min endurance running exercise, combined with the willingness of the subjects. The Stroop test was conducted immediately after exercise, 5, 15 and 30 min after exercise, and the correct rate and response time of the Stroop test were used as two indicators of self-control. Results: In the immediate post-exercise period, the correct response time for the control group ( 774.03 ±127.85)ms], the high-intensity group [(745.37±109.59)ms], the moderate-intensity group [(627.90±129.18)ms] and the low-intensity group [(689.90±129.79)ms] were statistically significant ( F =6.27, P <0.05). The correct rate for the control group [(94.40±2.02)%], the low-intensity group [(95.38±1.96)%], the high-intensity group [(92.43±2.32)%] and the moderate-intensity group [(96.39±1.08)%] were statistically significant ( F =14.87, P <0.05). High-intensity endurance running exercise was able to achieve the best performance at 30 min and beyond on the Stroop test response and correctness ( P <0.05), while moderate-intensity endurance running had a better effect on improving self-control than low-intensity endurance running at 30 min post-exercise. Conclusion High and moderate-intensity endurance running exercises can effectively improve self-control in sedentary university students. It is recommended that moderate or high intensity endurance running be performed as the body can tolerate it to improve self-control and cognitive ability.

The spectrum of biopsy-confirmed kidney disease varies with regions and periods. We describe the distribution of pathological types and epidemiological characteristics of kidney diseases in Northwest China due to regional differences in geographical environment, social economy, and dietary habits. Methods: Kidney biopsy cases from 2005 to 2020 in Xijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological characteristics of patients in different periods were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze trends in pathological types and disease spectrum. Results: A total of 10,528 eligible patients were included. Primary glomerular disease (PGD) accounted for the majority of the cases and exhibited an obvious downward trend, whereas secondary glomerular disease (SGD) showed an obvious upward trend. Among PGD, immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remained the most common pathological type, and the detection rate of membranous nephropathy (MN) was significantly increased. Among SGD, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) was the most common pathological type and may present a significant characteristic of Northwest China. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) exhibited the most obvious upward trend in the whole process, whereas the fastest growth since 2012 was in hypertensive nephropathy. Conclusion: The proportion of SGD increased whereas PGD declined. IgAN remained the most common PGD, and HSPN was the most common SGD. MN and DN showed the most obvious upward trend among PGD and SGD, respectively. Changes in the spectrum of kidney disease, especially the constituent ratio of SGD, pose a great challenge to public health.

Abstract: The healing process of skin wounds caused by severe mechanical trauma and chronic diseases (e.g., diabetic foot ulcers) is often accompanied by tissue injury, microbial infection, intense inflammatory reactions, hypertrophic scars, and other complications. Microneedles have been widely used to facilitate wound healing in recent years. According to their different modes of action, microneedle formulation can be categorized into five types: solid microneedles, hollow microneedles, coated microneedles, soluble microneedles, and hydrogel microneedles. This paper reviews the preparation methods and characteristics of microneedles, and summarizes their roles in hemostasis, bacteriostasis, anti-inflammation, enhancement of collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, in the hope of providing some reference for future research and development.

Background: The purpose of this research was to assess the role of heparanase (HPSE)/syndecan1 (SDC1)erve growth factor (NGF) on cancer pain from melanoma. Methods: The influence of HPSE on the biological function of melanoma cells and cancer pain in a mouse model was evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze HPSE and SDC1. HPSE, NGF, and SDC1 were detected using western blot. Inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA assay. Results: HPSE promoted melanoma cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth, as well as cancer pain, while SST0001 treatment reversed the promoting effect of HPSE. HPSE up-regulated NGF, and NGF feedback promoted HPSE. High expression of NGF reversed the inhibitory effect of HPSE down-regulation on melanoma cell phenotype deterioration, including cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. SST0001 down-regulated SDC1 expression. SDC1 reversed the inhibitory effect of SST0001 on cancer pain. Conclusions The results showed that HPSE promoted melanoma development and cancer pain by interacting with NGF/SDC1. It provides new insights to better understand the role of HPSE in melanoma and also provides a new direction for cancer pain treatment.