Objective To investigate the role of IL-12 in lung ischemia-reperfusion(L/R)injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy male SD rats,8-10 weeks,weighing 250-280 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =8 each):sham operation group(S),I/R group,IL-12 monoclonal antibody group(group IL-12).LungI/R was induced by clamping the left hilum of lung for 60 min followed by 120 min reperfusion in groupsI/R and IL-12.IL-12 monoclonal antibody 200tg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at I h before clamping the left hilum.The blood samples were collected at the end of reperfusion,the rats were then sacrificed and lungs removed for determination of the plasma TNF-α concentration,Th1 and Th2 levels,W/D lung weight ratio,MDA content,MPO activity,PaO2 and PaCO2 in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.Results Compared with group S,W/D ratio and the level of MPO,MDA and TNF-α were significantly increased in groups I/R and IL-12,and PaO2 was significantly decreased,and PaCO2,Th1 level and Th1/Th2 sere significantly increased in group I/R(P ＜0.01),and no significant change was found in PaO2,PaCO2,the level of Th1 and Th2,and Th1/Th2 in group IL-12(P ＞ 0.05).PaCO2,W/D ratio,the levels of MDA,MPO,plasma TNF-u,Th1 and Th1/Th2 were significantly lower,and Th2 level and PaCO2 were significantly higher in group IL-12 than in group I/R(P ＜ 0.01).The pathologic changes of the lung were attenuated in group IL.12.Conclusion IL-12 is involved in the lung I/R injury through inducing Th1/Th2 imbalance in rats.

BACKGROUND:With the development of sports medicine and rehabilitation medicine, electromechanical delay has been looked as an important index for evaluating the neuromuscular function at abroad. But the relevant research is little reported in China. OBJECTIVE:To review the literatures related to electromechanical delay published in recent years, and to explore the mechanisms, influential factors and the application status of the electromechanical delay, thereby providing reference for clinical practice and research. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI, WanFang and PubMed databases was performed for articles addressing electromechanical delay published from February 1979 to February 2017. The keywords were electromechanical delay, electro-mechanical response time in English and Chinese, respectively.Repeated and old studies were excluded, and finally 44 eligible literatures were included, including 3 Chinese and 41 English articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanisms of electromechanical delay have been clarified. The type of muscle fiber and the level of muscle fatigue can influence electromechanical delay, but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Whether age and gender make effect on electromechanical delay is controversial. Electromechanical delay is not only used for evaluating the athletes' ability to reaction, but also wildly used to investigate the mechanism of various sports injuries and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the effect of GSK-3β inhibitor TDZD-8 on activation of NF-κB during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-two healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8-10 weeks,weighing 250-280 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 each): sham operation group (sham group) ; I/R group,I/R + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group and I/R + TDZD-8 group.Lung I/R was induced by clamping the left hilum of lung for 1 h followed by 2 h reperfusion.10％ DMSO and TDZD-8 1 mg/kg were injected intravenously at 5 min betore reperfusion in groups I/R + DMSO and I/R + TDZD-8,respectively.Blood samples were taken at 2 h of reperfusion for determination of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and concentrations of plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).The animals were then sacrificed and the left lung was removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio,myeloperpxidase (MPO) activity,expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β) and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (pNF-κB p65) and for microscopic examination.Results Compared with sham group,PaO2 and the expression of pGSK-3β were significantly decreased,and the concentrations of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α,W/D lung weight ratio,MPO activity and expression of p-NF-κB p65 were significantly increased in the other groups (P ＜ 0.05),and PaO2 and the expression of p-GSK-3β were significantly increased and the other parameters were significantly decreased in I/R+ TDZD-8 group (P＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the parameters mentioned above among groups I/R and I/R + DMSO (P ＞ 0.05).Microscopic examination showed that I/R-induced lung injury was ameliorated by TDZD-8.Conclusion GSK-3β inhibitor TDZD-8 can attenuate lung I/R injury by downregulating phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and inhibiting inflammatory response.

Objective To explore the impact of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the expressions of multi-drug resistance genes in patients with cervical cancer and its relationship with the effect of chemotherapy. Methods Ninety-eight cervical cancer patients with TP regimen selected to perform preoperative chemotherapy were enrolled in the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College between January 2010 and June 2014. Immunohistochemisty (En vision method) was used to determine the expressions of P-gP, GST-π and TopoII of the same patients before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and explore the relationship with the effect of chemotherapy. Results The positive expression rates of P-gp and GST-π were 71.43% and 64.29% before chemotherapy and 80.61%and 74.49%after chemotherapy, respectively. The former two had significant differences (P<0.01). The positive expression rates of TopoII was 48.98%before chemotherapy and 28.57%after chemotherapy , respectively, showing significant differences (P < 0.01). The expressions of P-gp, GST-π and TopoⅡ gene were not affected by the clinical and pathological features of cervical cancer (P > 0.05). Before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the positive expression of GST-π in the ineffective group was statistically higher than that in the effective group (P<0.05). The positive expressions of P-gp and Topo II showed no statistical significance between the effective group and the ineffective group (P > 0.05). There was significant correlation in the expressions of P-gp, GST-π and TopoⅡ(P < 0.05) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions The expression of P-gp, GST-πand TopoⅡgene may not be affected by the clinical and pathological features of cervical cancer, but may change expressions of multi-drug resistance genes in cervical cancer by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Monitoring their expression has a guiding significance for drug selection, prognostic judgment, and the following treatment regimen decision. The GST-π, expression level can be used as a biological parameter to predict the effect of TP regimen neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Object To explore the beneficial effect of phytoecdysone (EDS) on myocardial infarction and its mechanism of action Methods Rat myocardial infarction model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, and EDS was injected ip for seven consecutive days Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, infarct size(IS), coronary blood flow, capillary vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were determined Results 0 5, 5, and 50 mg/kg of phytoecdysone were able to effect the activities of serum CPK, GOT, LDH in a dose depending manner with an optimal effect for improving cardiac zymogram at the dose of 5 mg/kg ip At this dosage EDS can markedly reduce IS, increase coronary blood flow, capillary vessel density and the expression of VEGF Conclusion ESD can alleviate myocardial infarction symptoms The mechanism of such beneficial effect may due to its ability to promote VEGF expression regeneration of capillary vessels and increase coronary blood flow

Objective:To investigate the correlation of the relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D ASL) with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in glioma. Methods:Fifty-three glio-ma patients confirmed by pathology were subjected to conventional, enhanced MR and 3D ASL imaging before operation to deter-mine VEGF expression and MVD levels in each patient. The correlations of rCBF with VEGF expression and MVD in glioma were evaluat-ed, respectively. Results:rCBF was noted to be positively correlated to VEGF expression and MVD in glioma. The rs were 0.728 (VEGF) and 0.620 (MVD), respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion:The positive correlation of rCBF with VEGF expression and MVD in glioma implied that 3D ASL is beneficial for evaluating microvessel angiogenesis in glioma prior to surgery. This finding is significant for developing clin-ical treatment plans and for assessing patient prognoses.

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic cystitis remains a common complication of hematopoietlc stem cell transplantation.Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) affects proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, adjusts functions of monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes and endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of GM-CSF bladder irrigation in hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem call transplantation.DESIGN: Case analysis.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 15 hematopathy patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2004 to August 2006 (routine treatment group). A total of 16 hematopathy patients undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from September 2006 to December 2008 (GM-CSF group).METHODS: In the routine treatment group, patients received mesna, hydration, alkalization and forced diuresis in the prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis. In the GM-CSF group, GM-CSF was infused into the bladder in addition to mesna,hydration, alkalization and forced diuresis in the prevention of hemorrhagic cystitis 24 hours before cyclophosphamide treatment. Catheter was extracted 3 days following cyclophosphamide withdraw. Following washing with saline, the bladder was emptied. 10 mL of saline and 5 mL of lidocaine were added into 300 μg of GM-CSF. The mixture was infused into the bladder for 60-120 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following parameters were measured: occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis and its correlation to graft versus host disease, as well as the occurrence of cytomegalovirus infection and urinary system infection.RESULTS: Compared with routine treatment group, the occurrence rate of hemorrhagic cystitis was significantly decreased in the GM-CSF group (x2=4.39, P < 0.05), mean duration of hemorrhagic cystitis and duration of hospitalization were significantly shortened (t=3.97, P < 0.05; t=3.13, P < 0.05), and the occurrence rate of over grade HI hemorrhagic cystitis was significantly reduced (x2=5.04, P < 0.05). Cystitis degree was associated with degree and duration of graft-versus-host disease (r = 0.76).Compared with the routine treatment group, cytomegalovirus infection rate was slightly decreased in the GM-CSF group (x2=0.28, P> 0.05), and occurrence rate of over grade Ⅲ hemorrhagic cystitis was higher in patients with cytomegalovirus infection.Compared with the routine treatment group, the occurrence rate of urinary system infection was slightly reduced in the GM-CSF group (x2=0.28, P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: GM-CSF bladder irrigation is well tolerated and often effective, and should be considered as a preparative regimen of hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem call transplantation.

objective:To investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) metabolism and Ki-67 expres-sion in high-(HGG) and low-grade gliomas (LGG) by analyzing Ki-67 expression and HGG and LGG metabolites. Methods:We consid-ered 56 pathologically confirmed glioma cases in our hospital. The Ki-67 expression and the MRS metabolism parameters in the tu-mors were analyzed simultaneously. Results:The tumor solid value of Cho was positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression level (rs=0.714, P<0.05). By contrast, the Ki-67 expression level was negatively correlated with the tumor solid value of NAA (rs=?0.708, P<0.05) in 35 cases of the LGG group. The tumor solid value of Cho was also positively correlated with the Ki-67 expression level (rs=0.624, P<0.05). By comparison, the Ki-67 expression level was negatively correlated with the tumor solid value of NAA in the HGG group (rs=?0.769, P<0.05). Conclusion:The MRS metabolism was correlated with the Ki-67 expression in high-and low-grade gliomas.

Objective To explore the possible role of CD28 +/CD152 +:B7 eostimulators in immune pathophysiology of severe pneumonia.Methods 22 severe pneumonia peripheral blood sample were used to analyze the expression of CD3+ T cell CD28+,CD152+,CD14++ on mononuelear cell CD86+,and HLA - DR + by FACS expression.The relationship between CD28+,CTLA4,CD86+ and the HLA-DR +,and the relationship between APACHE Ⅱ Grading,CD28+,CD152+,CD86+ and HLA-DR + were analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of CD3 + T cell,CD86+ and HLA - DR + were remarkably reduced while the expression of CD28+ and CD152+ were markedly increased in patients with severe pneumonia who were hospitalized in 24 h(P＜0.05).However,T cells with positive CD8+ CD3+ and CD4+ CD3+ had no significant change between two groups(P＞0.05).For patients with severe pneumonia who survived,the APACHE Ⅱ scores were significantly reduced while the expression of CD28+,CD152+,CD86+,HLA-DR + and CD3+ + cells were significantly increased after 10 days from admission(P＜0.05).By contrast,T cells with positive CD8+ CD3+ and CD4+CD3+ had no significant change between two groups(P＞0.05).There were no relation between costimulators CD28+ and HLA - DR + (r=-0.12,P=0.54)and APACHE Ⅱ scores(r=-0.30,P=0.19) in control group.CD86+ and HLA - DR + showed positive correlation(r=0.65,P=0.00).CD86+ and APACHE Ⅱ scores had no correlation(r=-0.38,P=0.09).Conclusion The costimulators expressed abnormally in circumference blood of patients with severe pneumonia,CD86+ decreased,but CD28+,CD152+ increased.T cell of circumference blood was at the condition of "anergy".The increase of CD28+,CD86+,CD86+ and HLA - DR + during convalescence stages in patient with severe pneumonia showed that spocific immunity was advantageous for restoration in these patients.The relationship among CD86+,CTLA4 and HLA - DR + indicated that CD28+/CD152+:B7 play an role in the occurrence and development of severe pneumonia.

Objective To explore the relationship between immune functions of patients with acute leukemia (AL) and invasive fungat infection (IFI). Methods T lymphocyte subpopulations and natural killer (NK) cells in 61 AL patients complicated with IFI at first visit, AL remission, the time of IFI onset and 4 weeks after antifungal treatment were measured by flow cytometry. Meanwhile,levels of IgG, IgM and IgA were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The statistical analysis was done using ANOVA, t test and chi-square test. Results CD3+ , CD3+ CD4+ , CD8+ CD28+ T lymphocyte as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio at the time of IFI onset in AL patients were all lower than those at first visit, AL remission and 4 weeks after antifungal treatment (F= 25.6,26.6,13. 1,167.9; all P＜0.05), while CD8+ CD28- T lymphocyte were higher than those at first visit, AL remission and 4 weeks after antifungal treatment (F= 220.2,P＜0.01). CD3+ , CD3+ CD4+ and CD4 + /CD8+ ratio of patients who responded effectively to antifungal treatment were all higher than those of non-responders (t=3.75,8. 61,3.17; all P＜0.05). The serum levels of IgG, Igm and IgA at first visit, ALremission, the time of IFI onset and 4 weeks after treatment were similar (F=0.78,0.72,0.81; all P ＞0.05). The effect rate of antifungal therapy in AL remission group was higher than that in nonremission group (87% vs 53%,x2 = 7.62, P＜0.05). Conclusions The cellular immune functions are impaired severely in AL patients complicated with IFI, while the levels of IgG, IgM and IgA are similar during IFI. Therefore, the efficacy of antifungal therapy may partly depend on the recovery of cellular immune functions and remission of AL.