This paper reviewed that high-intensity interval training (HIT) is effective on cardiorespiratory fitness and walking ability, but limited in quality of life in stroke paitents. More researches are needed to explore the differences from HIT to low and moderate intensi-ty continuous training .

BACKGROUND:With the development of sports medicine and rehabilitation medicine, electromechanical delay has been looked as an important index for evaluating the neuromuscular function at abroad. But the relevant research is little reported in China. OBJECTIVE:To review the literatures related to electromechanical delay published in recent years, and to explore the mechanisms, influential factors and the application status of the electromechanical delay, thereby providing reference for clinical practice and research. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI, WanFang and PubMed databases was performed for articles addressing electromechanical delay published from February 1979 to February 2017. The keywords were electromechanical delay, electro-mechanical response time in English and Chinese, respectively.Repeated and old studies were excluded, and finally 44 eligible literatures were included, including 3 Chinese and 41 English articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanisms of electromechanical delay have been clarified. The type of muscle fiber and the level of muscle fatigue can influence electromechanical delay, but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Whether age and gender make effect on electromechanical delay is controversial. Electromechanical delay is not only used for evaluating the athletes' ability to reaction, but also wildly used to investigate the mechanism of various sports injuries and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the level of the peripheral blood percentage of neutrophils(Neu% ) and C reactive protein (CRP) in the early diagnosis of burn infection .Methods A total of 84 burn infection patients were collected from August 2013 to May 2014 ,28 cases with minor burns ,28 cases with moderate burns and 28 cases with severe burns .According to test results of wound infection ,they were divided into infected group with 64 cases and control group with 20 patients .Two milliliter peripheral blood samples were collected and used to measure the WBC ,CRP ,and Neu% .Results In the 84 patients ,66 cases with elevated CRP(78 .6% ) ,43 cases with elevated WBC(51 .2% ) and 57 cases with Neu% (67 .9% ) .The WBC levels in the infected group and control group had no significant different(P>0 .05) ,but there were significant differences on the levels of Neu% and CRP(P<0 .05) .WBC of mild ,moderate and severe burn patients had no significant differences(P>0 .05) ,but there were significant differ-ences on the levels of Neu% and CRP(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Neu% ,CRP might reflect the presence or absence of infection in burn patients ,and also increased with the burn degree .The combined detection of CRP and Neu% is more sensitive than the com-bined detection of CRP and WBC .

Objective To identify the promoter sequence of endothelial-overexpressed lipopolysaccharideassociated factor 1 ( EOLA1) gene and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling EOLA1 expression. Methods A DNA fragment containing 1 723 bp 5' upstream of the EOLA1 gene and the transcription start site was generated by polymerase chain reaction and then cloned into a luciferase reporter gene vector,pGL3-basic. The relative luciferase activities driven by this 5'-upstream fragment and a series of deletion mutants were measured in transiently transfected human ECV304 cells,respectively. At last,the 1 723 bp upstream of the EOLA1 gene was analyzed online with Cluster Buster. Results A fragment 785 bp upstream of the EOLA1 coding region was sufficient to promote transcription. Further deletion analysis of the 785 bp fragment indicated that a 68 bp element from-738 to -676 was important for EOLA1 transcription in ECV304 cells. The 1 723 bp sequence contains binding sites for Sp1 and Myf. Conclusion We map the EOLA1 promoter by deletion analysis and reveal that the proximal region ( -738 to -676 bp) ,which contains binding sites for Sp1 and Myf,is essential for human EOLA1 promoter activity in ECV304 cells.

Objective To construct the ?-gal reporter genes containing the 5′-end flanking of endothelial-overexpressed lipopolysaccharide-associated factor 1 (EOLA1) gene in different sequence lengths and identify the sequence, which regulates the gene expression of EOLA1 by the ?-gal analysis system. Methods The target sequences were amplified by the method of genome walker, and were inserted into the upstream of ?-gal gene located in the ?-gal enhancer vector by the directional clone technique respectively; the regulative sequence was identified by analyzing the ?-gal activities of reconstructed plasmid in ECV304 cells. Results The regions, containing 2 659 bp and 1 951 bp upstreaming from exon 1, significantly stimulated the reporter gene activity as compared with that of the ?-gal control vector in transfected cells. But the region, containing 361 bp upstreaming from exon 1, did not stimulate the reporter gene activity. Conclusion There is an up-regulative element of gene transcription in the region of -361 to -1 951 bp in EOLA1 gene upstream.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of different methods of dressing on the wound after local debridement of dia-betic foot. Methods A total of 53 patients which underwent local debridement of diabetic foot were divided into control group and treatment group. Patients in control group were dressed on traditional measurement,while patients in the treatment group were dressed on the external medicinal wine for the diabetic foot basic on the traditional treatment. The local transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure,ulcer healing rate,av-erage healing time and the amputation rate were observed. Results The healing rate and percutaneous oxygen partial pressure of the treat-ment group were significantly increased than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The average healing time and amputation rate of the treat-ment group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Dressing on external medicinal wine after local debridement of diabetic foot can improve the wound healing in the diabetic foot.

Objective: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) often occurs in cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The risk factors for lymph node metastasis, especially for high-volume metastasis, were investigated in this study. Methods: The medical records of 1,268 consecutive PTMC patients admitted in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2013 to 2014 were reviewed. Their clinical and pathological features were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for LNM/highvolume LNM. Results: Of the 1,268 patients, 416 patients (32.8％) and 43 (3.4％) had LNM and high-volume LNM, respectively. According to the univariate analysis results for the risk factors of LNM, male (42.22％ vs. 30.26％, P<0.01), <40 years (<40 years, 48.39％; 40-59 years, 27.62％; ≥60 years 22.45％, P<0.03), multifocality (41.00％ vs. 29.03％, P<0.01), without chronic thyroiditis (36.44％ vs. 20.62％,P<0.01), tumor size >0.5 cm (35.77％ vs. 23.05％, P<0.01) were associated with LNM. Meanwhile, according to the multivariate analysis results, male, multifocality, and tumor size >0.5 cm are independent risk factors for LNM (OR=1.516, 1.743, and 1.788, respectively, all P<0.05). The protective factors for LNM are 40-59 years, ≥60 years, and chronic thyroiditis (OR 0.388, 0.301, and 0.472, respectively,all P<0.05). In the univariate analysis of risk factors for high-volume LNM, the results indicated that being male (6.30％ vs. 2.61％, P= 0.005), <40 years (<40 years, 7.62％; 40-59 years, 2.05％; ≥60 years 0, P<0.001), and tumor size >0.5 cm (4.01％ vs. 1.36％, P=0.027) are associated with high-volume LNM. In multivariate analysis, the results suggest that being male is an independent risk factor for LNM (OR=2.383, P=0.002), whereas age of 40-59 years is a protective factor for LNM (OR=0.270, P<0.001). Conclusion: Lymph node metastasis often ocucrs in cN0 PTMC, whereas high-volume LNM is rare. Being male and <40 years old are risk factors for both LNM and highvolume LNM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of all-tram-retinoicacid (ATRA) on HCC cell growth and probe the potential molecular mechanism.MethodsHCC cell lines,HepG2 and SMMC-7721 were treated by ATRA and cell growth was analyzed by using MTT assay.The expression levels of miR-18a were evaluated in HepG2 and SMMC-7721,compared with the normal livers pool by using RealTime PCR analysis.Cell growth analysis by using MTT assay was performed on HepG2 and SMMC-7721 after transfection with anti-miR-18a.Rescued assay was designed to probe the mechanism of ATRA on cell growth by using ATRA with or without miR-18a mimic.ResultsHepG2 cell growth was suppressed about 74％ (P＜0.05,36 h),72％ (P＜0.01,48 h),and 67％ (P＜0.05,72 h) and SMMC-7721 cell growth was inhibited about 68％ (P＜0.05,48 h),and 64％ (P＜0.05,72 h) after treatment with ATRA,compared with the cells treated with Ethanol.MiR-18a expression was up-regulated in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines about 4.7- and 3.8-fold (P＜0.05),respectively.Endogenous miR-18a levels were down-regulated by ATRA about 67％ and 56％ (P＜0.05).The inhibitory effect of ATRA on HCC cell growth was reversed about 1.2-fold (P＜0.05,48 h) by overexpression of miR-18a in HepG2 cells and cell growth of SMMC-7721 was enhanced about 1.25- and 1.2-fold (P＜0.05,24 and 48 h) with ectopic expression of miR-18a.ConclusionHCC cells growth is suppressed by ATRA through miR-18a mediated network.

Objective: To observe the automatic ventricular capture management (VCM) conifrmed by paced depolarization integral (PDI) evoked response detection via the follow-up study in patients with Zephyr5826 pacemaker implantation. Methods: A total of 102 relevant patients were enrolled. In order to conduct PDI calculation, pacemakers were set by bipolar sensing and bipolar pacing at immediately after implantation. VCM functions were observed at 1 day, 7 days and 1 month, 3, 6, 12 months after implantation, the ventricular threshold by VCM test and manual test were compared. The symptoms of pectoralis major stimulus, diaphragm stimulus and palpitation were observed in all follow-up patients. Results: There was 1 patient died by MI at 1 month after Zephyr5826 pacemaker implantation, the rest 101 patients were followed-up for 12 months. VCM function was successfully turned-on at immediately after implantation in all patients, no pectoralis major stimulus and diaphragm stimulus occurred. VCM function was turned-off in 6/101 (5.9%) patients at 7 days after implantation due to intolerable palpitation caused by daily automatic VCM, instead they received manual test at follow-up visit. The coincidence rate of ventricular thresholds between VCM test and manual test were 100%. Ventricular pacing output voltage by VCM was (0.99 ± 0.48) V,n=608. Compared with regular pacing output voltage (2.5V, 0.4ms), VCM function may save 84% of energy consumption; compared to high pacing output voltage (3.5V, 0.4ms), VCM may save 92%. Loss of ventricular capture and poor sensation were not found by ECG and 24 h dynamic monitoring. Conclusion: Zephyr5826 pacemaker may conduct bipolar pacing and scanning with VCM function, it can be effectively and safely operated by low energy output. A few patients may not use VCM function due to intolerable palpitation.

Objective To investigate the HBV reactivation status and clinic outcomes in the renal allograft recipients with inactive HBsAg carriers,and explore the preventive measures.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical manifestation was processed in 88 cases of inactive HBsAg carriers before and after renal transplantation.Preoperative liver function in all cases was normal and serum HBsAg positive,HBV DNA＜106 copies/L.Tacrolimus (or cyclosporine A) + mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) + prednisone were given in prevention of rejection after transplantation.In 88 cases,56 cases were given nucleoside analogues (acid) for prophylactic antiviral therapy,in which 31 cases were given lamivudine (LAM) (LAM group),25 cases were given entecavir (ETV) (ETV group) ; The rest 32 cases were not given prophylactic antiviral therapy,only receiving routine liver-protecting therapy (inosine,glucurolactone) (control group).Incidence of HBV re-activation,liver function,response to treatment and the pathological changes of hepatic tissue were observed.Results During the follow-up period,the incidence of HBV reactivation in LAM group and ETV group was 45.2％ and 28.0％ respectively,significantly lower than in control group (84.4％,P＜ 0.05).In prophylactic treatment groups,HBV reactivation occurred later,liver function damage was milder,and HBV DNA load peak was lower (P＜0.05).In LAM group,HBV reactivation occurred in 14 cases,including 10 cases occurred during administration of LAM,and ETV treatment was given for about 2 months,serum HBV DNA levels in 7 cases were under detection line;in the rest 4 cases,HBV reactivation occurred in patients with treatment less than 1 year and noncompliance,who withdrew medicine blindly.After the original scheme of antiviral therapy was done,serum HBV DNA levels in 3 cases were under detection line,and the effect was not obvious in one case.In control group,HBV reactivation occurred in 27 cases.Fourteen cases therefore accepted nucleoside (acid) analogs antiviral therapy,and HBV DNA levels in 10 cases were under detection line.Histological examination revealed the liver with fibrotic cholestatic hepatitis changes in 9 patients,including 8 cases in control group,and 1 case in LAM group due to blind withdrawal of medicine.Conclus(i)on LAM and ETV prophylactic use may decrease the HBV reactivation rate in inactive HBsAg carriers after renal transplantation,reduce the severity of liver damage and the occurrence of fibrotic cholestatic hepatitis.