Cardiovascular disease is currently the leading cause of death all over the world, and its prevalence and mortality are still rising. Changing risk health behaviors is an important prevention and treatment strategy for cardiovascular diseases, which can effectively delay the course of disease and improve prognosis of patients. However, the existing chronic disease management model does not fully exploit and utilize intervenable factors to maximize the effect of intervention. Based on 19 behavioral intervention theoretical frameworks, the behaviour change wheel (BCW) provides clear guidance for behavioral analysis and intervention design, which is worthy of in-depth study and application. This article reviews the framework content, implementation steps and application status of BCW in cardiovascular disease management at home and abroad, in order to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for domestic application of BCW theory to conduct behavior intervention.

The typical manifestations of primary aldosteronism (PA) are hypertension with or without hypokalemia, high aldosterone, and low renal level. However, PA with normal blood pressure is rare in clinical practice. This article reported the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with subclinical PA, admitted for "adrenal accidental tumor" with normal blood pressure and serum potassium. We summarized and analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies, in order to provide some reference for clinicians.

The SNP loci of ACOX1 gene in 83 China Holstein cows were detected by PCR amplifica-tion and direct sequencing,and the association between the genetic polymorphism loci of ACOX 1 gene and milk quality traits of China Holstein cows was analyzed by SPSS 25.0 software.The re-sults showed that a SNP locus I3-2 267 G→C was found in the third intron of ACOX1 gene,it was moderately polymorphic and in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in the population.By correlation anal-ysis,it was found that the SNP locus was significantly related to the somatic cell content and cor-rected milk quantity of dairy cows.The I3-2 267 G→C locus of ACOX1 gene can be used as a mo-lecular marker of quality traits of Holstein cows in China,and provide reference for the study of quality traits of Holstein cows in China.

Many studies of the etiology and intervention for obesity have gradually focused on the brain, trying to curb the occurrence of obesity from the source. Hypothalamic inflammation has been a concern and an unresolved scientific issue in the development of obesity. Studies have shown that hypothalamic inflammation not only impairs energy balance, but also increases obesity-related insulin and leptin resistance, further promotes peripheral tissues storing up fat cells, eventually leads to the development of obesity. In addition, hypothalamic inflammation occurs before weight-gain and peripheral tissue inflammation with high-fat diets. Therefore, more and more scholars believe that hypothalamic inflammation is an important cause of dietary-induced metabolic abnormalities. The occurrence of hypothalamic inflammation is mainly accompanied by a series of complex and rapidly-activated glial, including microglia, astrocytes, and tanycyte. These cells are responsible for maintaining hypothalamic metabolic homeostasis and making up the important components of the regulatory network. Moreover, multiple teams also found that a variety of weight-loss methods(e.g. bariatric surgery, targeted drugs, fecal microbiota transplantation, and so on) can improve hypothalamic inflammation levels. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of hypothalamic inflammation through different neurons, which is expected to find a more effective and safer solution to intervene and treat obesity in the future.

V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) is a pro-oncogene, which is one member of the RAF family. Mutated BRAF is found in approximately 8% of human tumors. BRAF gene mutations lead to continuous activation of the mitogen-activatd protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which resulting in abnormal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In recent years, recurrent MAPK signaling mutations were identified in ameloblastoma, among which BRAF-V600E is the most prominent type. This provides new strategies for the targeted treatment of ameloblastoma. This paper reviewed the latest advances in BRAF gene mutation associated with ameloblastoma and its potential clinical significance.

Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose potential health risks to humans. Infants and young children have higher requirements for food safety due to the underdeveloped detoxification and immune systems. Therefore, developing a comprehensive method for determination of PFASs and their novel alternatives in infant complementary food is of great significance. Objective To develop an analytical method using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry technology for determination of 55 PFASs in plant- and animal-derived infant complementary fruit purees. Methods Oasis WAX (200 mg, 6 CC) solid-phase extraction columns were used for sample enrichment and purification. The pH of the acetonitrile extract was adjusted using 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% formic acid aqueous solutions to evaluate its impact on the recovery rate of target compounds. Additionally, the impact of a 2 mL methanol wash during the purification process on the recovery of target compounds was assessed to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Three types of chromatographic columns—Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈, Thermo InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Aq-C₁₈, Acquity Waters BEH-C₁₈, and changes in mobile phase, were compared for their effects on retention time, peak shape, and response of target compounds. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, detection limit, and precision. The established method was applied to 49 commercial samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Results Adjusting the sample pH using 1.5% formic acid water and incorporating a 2 mL methanol wash during purification achieved satisfactory recovery rates. The target compounds were chromatographically separated using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈ column with a gradient elution system. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (methanol/water: 2/98, v/v) containing 5 mmol·L⁻¹ ammonium formate as mobile phase A, and methanol as mobile phase B. Good separation was achieved within 15 min, resulting in optimal chromatographic peak shapes. The 55 target compounds exhibited good linearity across the standard curve range, with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 µg·L⁻¹. In the plant- and animal-based fruit puree samples, the spiked recovery rates ranged from 60% to 112% and 57% to 119%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 30%. A total of 9 traditional PFASs and 5 novel PFASs were positive in 49 samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Conclusion This method enables comprehensive detection of 55 traditional and emerging PFASs, offering wide coverage, high accuracy, and excellent sensitivity. It provides technical support for characterizing contamination by traditional and emerging PFASs in food matrices.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. However, current treatment modalities mainly relieve pain and inhibit cartilage degradation, but do not promote cartilage regeneration. In this study, we show that G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member B (GPRC5B), an orphan G-protein-couple receptor, not only inhibits cartilage degradation, but also increases cartilage regeneration and thereby is protective against OA. We observed that Gprc5b deficient chondrocytes had an upregulation of cartilage catabolic gene expression, along with downregulation of anabolic genes in vitro. Furthermore, mice deficient in Gprc5b displayed a more severe OA phenotype in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) induced OA mouse model, with upregulation of cartilage catabolic factors and downregulation of anabolic factors, consistent with our in vitro findings. Overexpression of Gprc5b by lentiviral vectors alleviated the cartilage degeneration in DMM-induced OA mouse model by inhibiting cartilage degradation and promoting regeneration. We also assessed the molecular mechanisms downstream of Gprc5b that may mediate these observed effects and identify the role of protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy signaling pathway. Thus, we demonstrate an integral role of GPRC5B in OA pathogenesis, and activation of GPRC5B has the potential in preventing the progression of OA.