Objective　To evaluate the in vitro effect of che motherapeutant on hepatic carcinoma.　Methods　The inhibitory effect of 5-Fu, DDP and 4-PA on Bel-7402 cel ls proliferation was studied by MTT colorimetry.　Resu lts　(1) Bel-7402 was on an active proliferation by the treat ment of 5-Fu and DDP for half an hour, and the proliferation inhibited after 12 hours; but the proliferation was inhibited by 4-PA after half an hour of tr eatment. (2) The inhibitory rates increase with time and were over 50% after 48 ～72 hours of treatment. (3) There was temporarily active proliferation of Bel- 7402 cells in the early period of chemotherapy by 5-Fu and DDP. 　Conclusion　Continuous chemotherapy is effectiv e for the inhibition of Bel-7402 cells proliferation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is among the forefront science in recent years. The rapid development of intelligent medicine based on AI, a new concept in the medical field, has resulted in a large impact on traditional medicine. AI poses a great opportunity and also many challenges for clinical physicians. Recently, researches in the development and application of AI are increasingly published in the field of endocrinology, such as the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes and its complications, the optimizing treatment and blood glucose management, the development of artificial pancreas, the diagnosis and treatment of obesity, the prognosis of bariatric surgery, osteoporosis and fracture prediction, bone age analysis, non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis, diagnosis of acromegaly, pathological diagnosis of thyroid and pituitary tumors. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of AI for medicine are still at an initial stage. With the rapid development of AI, we are expecting that it will play a pivotal role in the field of endocrinology and metabolism in the future. This is a new era for medical community to embrace new technology. Only with the properly dealing with the innovation of AI, a win-win result could be achieved.

BACKGROUND:Ischiogluteal bursitis has been recognized for a long time, but its treatment stil limits to local blocking injection and surgery methods that were developed 40 years ago. OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on ischiogluteal bursitis. METHODS:Data of 15 patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were colected. Al the patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were treated with bilateral platelet-rich plasma (n=10) or local blocking injection (n=5). Patients’ outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Version II and recurrence rate. The folow-up time was from 6 to 14 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in visual analogue scale score between the platelet-rich plasma group and local blocking group (F=0.219,P=0.643), but the score of visual analogue scale in the platelet-rich plasma group was higher during short-term folow-up (within 1 week after treatment), but lower in the long-term folow-up. In the aspects of overal satisfaction score, clinical effectiveness and side effects, the platelet-rich plasma group was inferior to the local blocking group at short-term folow-up, especialy at 1 week after treatment; however, these scores became better in the platelet-rich plasma group than the local blocking group during the long-term folow-up period. In addition, no statistical difference in the convenience score was found between the two groups. At the last folow-up, the recurrence rate in the platelet-rich plasma group was lower than that in the local blocking group. Both the platelet-rich plasma and local blocking injection can significantly reduce the pain of patients with ischiogluteal bursitis. Local blocking injection has better short-term effectiveness. Platelet-rich plasma injection works moderately, but its effectiveness can last for longer time, and the recurrence rate is lower.

Objective A recombinant adenoviral vector containing mIL-18BP and mIL-4 fusion gene(AdmIL-18BP/mIL-4) was constructed and used to investigate the role of mIL-18BP and mIL-4 in medula-ring the expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and their inducing products PGE2, NO in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Methods Male DBA-1/BOM mice were used in this study. Mice with CIA were intra-articularly injected with 107 pfu/6μl of AdmIL-18BP/mIL-4.Intra-articular injections of AdLacZ or PBS were used as controls. The mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS in synovial tissue was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Expression of COX-2 and iNOS protein was estimated by Western blot method. The production of PGE2 and NO in synovia was detected by competitive ELISA and enzyme reduction of nitrate. Results The expression of COX-2, iNOS mRNA in routine synovial tissue of AdmIL-18BP/mIL-4 treatment group was significantly lower than that of AdLacZ group (0.15 vs 0.42,P<0.01 ; 0.05 vs 0.77, P<0.01) and PBS group (0.15 vs 0.65, P<0.01; 0.05 vs 0.64, P<0.01 ). And the protein expression of COX-2, iNOS from AdmIL-18BP/mIL-4 treatment group was also obviously lower than that of AdLacZ group (0.08 vs 0.92, P<0.01; 0.11 vs 1.00, P<0.01) and PBS group (0.08 vs 0.77, P<0.01; 0.11 vs 0.84, P<0.01 ). The PGE2 and NO production in synovia of AdmIL-18BP/mIL-4 treatment group was significantly lower than that of AdLacZ group [(0.68x0.06) vs (2.58±0.21)ng/mL, P<0.01; (23.4+2.5) vs (60.0±11.3)μmol/L, P<0.01 ] and PBS group [(0.68±0.06) vs (2.57±0.20)ng/mL, P<0.01; (23.4+2.5) vs (60.3±13.4)μmol/L, P<0.01]. Conclusion These data indicat that local over-expre-ssion of mIL-18BP and mIL-4 can down-regulate COX-2, iNOS and their induced product PGE2, NO in CIA mice. The combination treatment with mIL-18BP and mIL-4 is a promising therapeutic target for RA.

BACKGROUND:The preemptive analgesia is stil a controversial issue. Existing studies have not paid much attention to effects of preoperative factors on the hypersensitivity of peripheral and central mechanisms. Visual analog scale scores cannot subjectively and repeatedly reveal patient’s pain.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the validity of the preventive analgesia effect of Celebrex in patients with total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who received total knee arthroplasty were accessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index, self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale. In al , thirty patients were enrol ed in the study. They were randomized into Celebrex group and vitamin C group, and each group had 15 patients. The patients in the Celebrex group and vitamin C group took 200 mg Celebrex and vitamin C, respectively, twice a day from day 2 to day 4. Both of their knees were evaluated by resting visual analogue scale and moving visual analogue scale in the evening of day 1 before treatment and day 3 after treatment. Meanwhile, the pain threshold and pain tolerance were accessed by a pain-threshold machine.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No statistical significance of the changes of resting and moving visual analogue scale scores was found in both knees in the Celebrex group (P>0.05). The pain threshold of both knees were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the severe knee, which had less visual analogue scale scores than the minor one, turned out to increase more obviously than the minor knee (P>0.05). There were no significant changes in the pain tolerance in both knees (P>0.05). The changing values of resting or moving visual analogue scale were not significantly correlated with the pain threshold and pain tolerance (P>0.05). There were no significant changes in visual analogue scale scores, pain threshold and pain tolerance in both knees of the vitamin C group (P>0.05). Celebrex could increase the pain threshold of patients receiving total knee arthroplasty, especial y the severe knee, which indicates that the Celebrex is good for the preventive analgesia. Comparatively speaking, the pain threshold might be more sensitive than visual analogue scale in revealing the change of pain after analgesia. There is no significant correlation between visual analogue scale score and the hypersensitivity of pain.

Objective To explore the correlation between thyroid nodules and uric acid levels and to find their gender differences.Methods A total of 68 056 subjects in a regional medical physical examination center of Shanxi Province from January 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study.All the participants′ general information and parameters were recorded.Thyroid nodules were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography.Results The total prevalence of thyroid nodule was 35.5%, 30.7% in males and 40.0% in females.The prevalence of single nodule was 50.1%, and multiple 49.9%.Compared with no nodule group, thyroid nodule group tended to be older, with higher BMI, and with a worse metabolic status(all P<0.01).The uric acid levels were lower[(352.37±78.14 vs 357.70±77.51) μmol/L, P<0.01] in thyroid nodule group in male and higher[(260.22±61.91 vs 253.91±59.18) μmol/L, P<0.01] in female.Conclusion Thyroid nodules may be associated with metabolism and inflammation.In males, hyperuricemia group had lower, while in females, hyperuricemia ones were with a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules.

As the incidence of obesity increases globally, treatment strategies of obesity emerge continuously. However, the weight loss effect varies between individuals without explicit explanations. In the recent years, many researchers have revealed regulation mechanisms of central nervous system on eating behavior, proposing that obese individuals exhibit brain functional abnormalities implicated in homeostatic regulation of food intake, central reward and motivation, emotion, memory, and attention system. Therefore, these scholars appeal that treating obesity cannot remain "brainless" . The most effective treatment currently available for obesity is bariatric surgery which lead to excess weight loss of 42%-67% in accompany with changes in brain activity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed a decreased activation in the central reward network and increased inhibitory control in the cognitive control system after bariatric surgeries. In this article, the authors introduce the central nervous system regulation of eating and investigate the effects of bariatric surgery on central nervous system.

INTRODUCTION: Pericardiocentesis is a potentially life-saving procedure. We compared two low-cost models-an agar-based model and a novel model, Centesys-in terms of ultrasound image quality and realism, effectiveness of the model, and learners' confidence and satisfaction after training. METHODS: In this pilot randomised 2x2 crossover trial stratified by physician seniority, participants were assigned to undergo pericardiocentesis training either with the agar-based or Centesys model first, followed by the other model. Participants were asked to rate their confidence in performing ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, clarity and realism of cardiac structures on ultrasound imaging, and satisfaction on a 7-point Likert scale before and after training with each model. RESULTS: Twenty participants with median postgraduate year of 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.75-6) years were recruited. Pre-training, participants rated themselves a median score of 2.5 (IQR 2-4) for level of confidence in performing pericardiocentesis, which improved to 5 (IQR 4-6) post-training with Centesys ( CONCLUSION Centesys achieved greater learner satisfaction as compared to the agar-based model, and was an effective tool for teaching ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis and drain insertion.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfurated glycosaminoglycan, a major component of the extracellular matrix, widely distributed in skin, cartilage and vascular tissue. CS plays an important role in the physiological state regulation of articular cartilage, which affects tensile strength and elasticity of tissues by influencing aggrecan. Previous studies have shown that CS sulfate modification may be related to the growth and development disorders of cartilage tissue and the occurrence of osteoarticular diseases. At the same time, CS is also a common joint supplement, often used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease. In this paper, the research progress of CS sulfate modification characteristics in Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis and the application of the preparation in the treatment of Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis are reviewed, aiming to provide help for the investigation of the etiology of Kashin-Beck disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease.

In recent years, with the continuous increase in the prevalence of obesity, China has become the country with the largest number of people with obesity in the world. Obesity can cause a variety of comorbidities, which not only seriously affects the physical and mental health of the individual, but also represents a social and economic burden. Therefore, the prevention and control of obesity are imperative. At present, there are many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity in China, further research and treatment strategies are needed urgently. A move towards centralized management of obesity is a likely future trend given the increasing use of a multidisciplinary, individualized approach to diagnosis and treatment, and the use of intelligent systems and technologies.