Artificial intelligence (AI) is among the forefront science in recent years. The rapid development of intelligent medicine based on AI, a new concept in the medical field, has resulted in a large impact on traditional medicine. AI poses a great opportunity and also many challenges for clinical physicians. Recently, researches in the development and application of AI are increasingly published in the field of endocrinology, such as the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes and its complications, the optimizing treatment and blood glucose management, the development of artificial pancreas, the diagnosis and treatment of obesity, the prognosis of bariatric surgery, osteoporosis and fracture prediction, bone age analysis, non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis, diagnosis of acromegaly, pathological diagnosis of thyroid and pituitary tumors. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of AI for medicine are still at an initial stage. With the rapid development of AI, we are expecting that it will play a pivotal role in the field of endocrinology and metabolism in the future. This is a new era for medical community to embrace new technology. Only with the properly dealing with the innovation of AI, a win-win result could be achieved.

The national examination of doctors' qualification is the examination which assesses the medical students' knowledge and skills for doctors' work. This paper introduced autorities concerned, implementing agencies, examination forms and procedures, examination contents and keypoints, pass-ing criteria and matters needing attention of national examination of doctors's qualification be tween Canada and Australia expecting to provide references for the revolution of Chinese Examination of Doctors' Qualification.

Objective To investigate the demands and problems of the sharing and construc-tion of teaching resources in medical universities. Method A self-designed questionnaire named The questionnaire of the present situation and demand of teaching resources sharing platforms in medical universities in China was used to conducted in all the attainders during a national teaching resources meeting, and SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the data. Results Among 125 valid questionnaires, 117 people (93.6%) think it's necessary to establish the resources sharing platform, what's more 108 people (86.4%) believe that education resources sharing platform is very helpful for teaching, and multimedia materials, online courses, course wares, teaching cases, website of subject resources and other educa-tion resources should be widely shared. Our investigation has involved 48 medical universities from all over the country, in which 33 medical universities have teaching resources sharing platform. However, 20 (60.6%) of the universities have still not updated the content on time. There are 10 main factors which influence the using of the education resource sharing platform, in which 105 (84%) of them have con-sidered the factor as backward concepts, 91 (72.8%) think that there exist problems in resource con-struction mechanism, 76 (60.8%) think to be the standardized and universal problems. Conclusion It is necessary to build the education resource sharing platform. In all, we should change the traditional education concept and consciousness, strengthen mechanism of management, and exploit high quality education resource to improve the sharing level of education resource in medical universities.

Objective To explore the correlation between thyroid nodules and uric acid levels and to find their gender differences.Methods A total of 68 056 subjects in a regional medical physical examination center of Shanxi Province from January 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study.All the participants′ general information and parameters were recorded.Thyroid nodules were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography.Results The total prevalence of thyroid nodule was 35.5%, 30.7% in males and 40.0% in females.The prevalence of single nodule was 50.1%, and multiple 49.9%.Compared with no nodule group, thyroid nodule group tended to be older, with higher BMI, and with a worse metabolic status(all P<0.01).The uric acid levels were lower[(352.37±78.14 vs 357.70±77.51) μmol/L, P<0.01] in thyroid nodule group in male and higher[(260.22±61.91 vs 253.91±59.18) μmol/L, P<0.01] in female.Conclusion Thyroid nodules may be associated with metabolism and inflammation.In males, hyperuricemia group had lower, while in females, hyperuricemia ones were with a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules.

As the incidence of obesity increases globally, treatment strategies of obesity emerge continuously. However, the weight loss effect varies between individuals without explicit explanations. In the recent years, many researchers have revealed regulation mechanisms of central nervous system on eating behavior, proposing that obese individuals exhibit brain functional abnormalities implicated in homeostatic regulation of food intake, central reward and motivation, emotion, memory, and attention system. Therefore, these scholars appeal that treating obesity cannot remain "brainless" . The most effective treatment currently available for obesity is bariatric surgery which lead to excess weight loss of 42%-67% in accompany with changes in brain activity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed a decreased activation in the central reward network and increased inhibitory control in the cognitive control system after bariatric surgeries. In this article, the authors introduce the central nervous system regulation of eating and investigate the effects of bariatric surgery on central nervous system.

Objective:To investigate therapeutic effect of reinfusion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9(CRISPR/CAS9)knockout programmed death-1(PD-1)on colon cancer in mice.Methods:Subcutaneous injection of CT26 was used to establish mouse colon cancer model.TIL was extracted from tumor tissue of three model mice,and peripheral blood lymphocytes were extracted.PD-1 gene was knocked out of TIL.Reinfusion experiments were divided into control group(Control),lymphocyte group(Lym),tumor-bearing mouse TIL group(TIL),lentivirus empty empty group(pVSV-G-PX458-NC)and PX458-PD-1-sgRNA1 group(PD-1-sgRNA1),with 10 mice in each group.Tumor tissue quality and tumor inhibition rate were detected in each group.TUNEL was used to detect cell apoptosis in tumor tissues of mice.ELISA was used to detect contents of TNF-α and IFN-γ in tumor tissues of mice.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expressions of CD4+T and CD8+T cells in tumor tissue.Immunofluorescence was used to detect expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-67(Ki-67)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Western blot was used to detect expressions of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 in tumor tissues.Results:PD-1-sgRNA1 could significantly inhibit growth of mouse tumor cells in vivo,inhibit expressions of Ki-67 and VEGF in tumor tissues,as well as expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1,elevate apoptosis rate,contents of TNF-α and IFN-γ in tumor tissues,and expressions of CD4+T and CD8+T cells(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Reinfusion of TIL with CRISPR/CAS9 knockout PD-1 can significantly inhibit expressions of Ki-67 and VEGF in colon cancer mice,enhance infiltration of CD4+T and CD8+T cells,induce tumor cell apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth.

In recent years, with the continuous increase in the prevalence of obesity, China has become the country with the largest number of people with obesity in the world. Obesity can cause a variety of comorbidities, which not only seriously affects the physical and mental health of the individual, but also represents a social and economic burden. Therefore, the prevention and control of obesity are imperative. At present, there are many challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity in China, further research and treatment strategies are needed urgently. A move towards centralized management of obesity is a likely future trend given the increasing use of a multidisciplinary, individualized approach to diagnosis and treatment, and the use of intelligent systems and technologies.

Many studies of the etiology and intervention for obesity have gradually focused on the brain, trying to curb the occurrence of obesity from the source. Hypothalamic inflammation has been a concern and an unresolved scientific issue in the development of obesity. Studies have shown that hypothalamic inflammation not only impairs energy balance, but also increases obesity-related insulin and leptin resistance, further promotes peripheral tissues storing up fat cells, eventually leads to the development of obesity. In addition, hypothalamic inflammation occurs before weight-gain and peripheral tissue inflammation with high-fat diets. Therefore, more and more scholars believe that hypothalamic inflammation is an important cause of dietary-induced metabolic abnormalities. The occurrence of hypothalamic inflammation is mainly accompanied by a series of complex and rapidly-activated glial, including microglia, astrocytes, and tanycyte. These cells are responsible for maintaining hypothalamic metabolic homeostasis and making up the important components of the regulatory network. Moreover, multiple teams also found that a variety of weight-loss methods(e.g. bariatric surgery, targeted drugs, fecal microbiota transplantation, and so on) can improve hypothalamic inflammation levels. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of hypothalamic inflammation through different neurons, which is expected to find a more effective and safer solution to intervene and treat obesity in the future.

Objective: The aging model of guinea pigs induced by D-galactose was set up to investigate the changes of BK_Ca expression and function on cochlear pericytes and their relationship with age-related hearing loss. Methods: Thirty healthy 8-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 in each group: D-galactose aging model group, subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (500 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks; saline control group, the same amount of saline was injected into the neck of the aging model group for 6 weeks; the blank control group, no treatment was performed. The threshold of auditory brainstem response (ABR) was detected. The content of BK_Ca in the perivascular cells of the guinea pig cochlear cells was detected by immunofluorescence technique. The changes of peripheral current density and BK_Ca current were detected by patch clamp technique. The data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism software. Results: Compared with the saline group and the control group, the ABR threshold and the amplitude of the wave I were significantly decreased in the aging model group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of BK_Ca in the vascular pericytes of guinea pigs in the aging model group was significantly reduced (1.00±0.08 vs 0.27±0.03,the difference was statistically significant P<0.01), and the cell current density and BK_Ca net current value were also significantly reduced with statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions D-galactose can successfully induce guinea pig aging model, in which BK_Ca expression decreases and net current value decreases in pericytes of cochlear striavascularis, and changes in BK_Ca expression and function may be related to age-related hearing loss.