Artificial intelligence (AI) is among the forefront science in recent years. The rapid development of intelligent medicine based on AI, a new concept in the medical field, has resulted in a large impact on traditional medicine. AI poses a great opportunity and also many challenges for clinical physicians. Recently, researches in the development and application of AI are increasingly published in the field of endocrinology, such as the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes and its complications, the optimizing treatment and blood glucose management, the development of artificial pancreas, the diagnosis and treatment of obesity, the prognosis of bariatric surgery, osteoporosis and fracture prediction, bone age analysis, non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis, diagnosis of acromegaly, pathological diagnosis of thyroid and pituitary tumors. Nevertheless, the clinical applications of AI for medicine are still at an initial stage. With the rapid development of AI, we are expecting that it will play a pivotal role in the field of endocrinology and metabolism in the future. This is a new era for medical community to embrace new technology. Only with the properly dealing with the innovation of AI, a win-win result could be achieved.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of sodium aescinate in the treatment of patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids.Methods177 patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids were randomly divided into two groups,the treated group( n =87 ) and the control group( n =90).Patients in the control group were treated with external hemorrhoids suppositories ( 1 per time,bid),while patients in the treated group took sodium aescinate orally(2 per time,Bid).After the 7-day course of treatment,the efficacy of sodium aescinate was determined.ResultsThere was significant difference between the two groups in the total obvious effective rate and the total effective rate(P ＜0.01 ).Compared with the control group,the symptoms of hematochezia and anal pain were more improved in the treated group( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was significant difference between the two groups in the hemorrhoidal mucosa,prolapse,the size of hemorrhoids and total score difference ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The total obvious effective rate and the total effective rate of the treated group were 87.4％ and 95.4％.ConclusionSodium aescinate had better clinical effect in the treatment of patients with stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ internal hemorrhoids.

Objective To study if IRF1 could regulate the polarization by IRF 1 and M1 status and affect M1 media-ted antitumor function .Methods U937 derived M1 macrophage ( U937-M1 ) model was established .The cells were devided into 4 groups:the PMA pretreated unpolarized macrophage (M0), the PMA, IFN-γand LPS induced M1 macrophage (M1), the siRNA of IRF1 knocked down M1 macrophage (siIRF1) and the negative control siR-NA treated M1 macrophage (siC).Furthermore, the expression of CD86 and CD206 was detected by flow cytome-try, the M1/M2 associated markers (IL-12p35,IL-12p40,IL-23p19,IL-6,TNF-α/IL-10) and IFNB1 were ana-lyzed by qPCR,the expression of IL-12p70 and IL-10 was examined by ELISA, the expression of IRF1 and IRF5 was detected by Western blot , the proliferration and apoptosis of HCC were analyzed by CCK 8 and flow cytometry , respectively.Results Compared with the U937-M1, the IRF1 knocked down group showed impaired CD 86 expres-sion, but enhanced CD206 expreesion ( P<0.05 ); the expression of M1 related cytokines including IL-12p35, IL-12p40,IL-23p19,IL-6,TNF-αand IFNB1 was decreased, but M2 related cytokine IL-10 level was increased (P<0.01);the expression of IFN-β, IL-12p70 and IRF5 was impaired, but IL-10 was enhanced (P<0.05).In IRF1 knocked down U937-M1, the CCK8 analysis indicated that the M1 mediated anti-proliferation effects on hepatoma carcinoma cell were turned to pro-proliferation ( P<0.05);the flow cytometry showed that the M 1 mediated pro-ap-optosis effects were reversed to anti-apoptosis ( P<0.01 ) .Interestingly , IRF5 and IFN-βwere decreased at both mRNA and protein levels in IRF1 knocked down U937-M1 compared with the U937-M1 (P<0.01).Conclusions IRF1 may partly modulate IRF5 and IFN-β, and further regulate M1 polarization and its antitumor effects .

BACKGROUND:Ischiogluteal bursitis has been recognized for a long time, but its treatment stil limits to local blocking injection and surgery methods that were developed 40 years ago. OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on ischiogluteal bursitis. METHODS:Data of 15 patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were colected. Al the patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were treated with bilateral platelet-rich plasma (n=10) or local blocking injection (n=5). Patients’ outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Version II and recurrence rate. The folow-up time was from 6 to 14 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in visual analogue scale score between the platelet-rich plasma group and local blocking group (F=0.219,P=0.643), but the score of visual analogue scale in the platelet-rich plasma group was higher during short-term folow-up (within 1 week after treatment), but lower in the long-term folow-up. In the aspects of overal satisfaction score, clinical effectiveness and side effects, the platelet-rich plasma group was inferior to the local blocking group at short-term folow-up, especialy at 1 week after treatment; however, these scores became better in the platelet-rich plasma group than the local blocking group during the long-term folow-up period. In addition, no statistical difference in the convenience score was found between the two groups. At the last folow-up, the recurrence rate in the platelet-rich plasma group was lower than that in the local blocking group. Both the platelet-rich plasma and local blocking injection can significantly reduce the pain of patients with ischiogluteal bursitis. Local blocking injection has better short-term effectiveness. Platelet-rich plasma injection works moderately, but its effectiveness can last for longer time, and the recurrence rate is lower.

BACKGROUND:The preemptive analgesia is stil a controversial issue. Existing studies have not paid much attention to effects of preoperative factors on the hypersensitivity of peripheral and central mechanisms. Visual analog scale scores cannot subjectively and repeatedly reveal patient’s pain.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the validity of the preventive analgesia effect of Celebrex in patients with total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who received total knee arthroplasty were accessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index, self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale. In al , thirty patients were enrol ed in the study. They were randomized into Celebrex group and vitamin C group, and each group had 15 patients. The patients in the Celebrex group and vitamin C group took 200 mg Celebrex and vitamin C, respectively, twice a day from day 2 to day 4. Both of their knees were evaluated by resting visual analogue scale and moving visual analogue scale in the evening of day 1 before treatment and day 3 after treatment. Meanwhile, the pain threshold and pain tolerance were accessed by a pain-threshold machine.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No statistical significance of the changes of resting and moving visual analogue scale scores was found in both knees in the Celebrex group (P>0.05). The pain threshold of both knees were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the severe knee, which had less visual analogue scale scores than the minor one, turned out to increase more obviously than the minor knee (P>0.05). There were no significant changes in the pain tolerance in both knees (P>0.05). The changing values of resting or moving visual analogue scale were not significantly correlated with the pain threshold and pain tolerance (P>0.05). There were no significant changes in visual analogue scale scores, pain threshold and pain tolerance in both knees of the vitamin C group (P>0.05). Celebrex could increase the pain threshold of patients receiving total knee arthroplasty, especial y the severe knee, which indicates that the Celebrex is good for the preventive analgesia. Comparatively speaking, the pain threshold might be more sensitive than visual analogue scale in revealing the change of pain after analgesia. There is no significant correlation between visual analogue scale score and the hypersensitivity of pain.

Objective To study the training methods of equipments for the national medical rescue team,for the purpose of enhanced equipment operation ability of team members and enhanced overall capacity for emergency rescue.Methods Using such methods as investigation and discussion,procedures development,examination standards development,and training and examination.These methods are designed to improve the equipment training methods for the national medical rescue team.Results Following the training,get-ready time of the whole team is cut back from 200 minutes to 90 minutes,and the roll-up time from 170 minutes to 80 minutes.Number of equipments mastered by the whole team has risen from 147 pcs/sets(47.2 ％) to 290 pcs/sets(94.5 ％),while average number of equipments mastered per person has risen from 98 pcs/sets(31.9％) to 185 pcs/sets(60.3％).Conclusion The Equipment Operation Procedures List and Equipment Training and Examination Standards should be made in consideration of the development needs of a national medical rescue team and disaster rescue experiences.In addition,such trainings and examinations as those by means of whole team,groups,and group-section crossing can improve the emergency rescue capabilities of the national medical rescue team.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Danggui shaoyao powder (DSS) on uterine structure and expressions of estrogen receptorα(ERα),estrogen receptorβ(ERβ)in uterine cavity epithelium and matrix in model rats in perimenopausal peri-od. METHODS:40 female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (normal saline),model group (normal sa-line),DSS low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(1.94,3.87,7.44 g/kg),8 in each group. Except that rats in sham opera-tion group received resection of fat nearby ovaries,rats in other groups received resection of bilateral ovaries to induce models in perimenopausal period. After modeling,rats were intragastrically administrated once a day,for 8 weeks. After administration,wet mass of uterine was weighted. Changes in uterine morphology and structure of rats were observed,expressions levels of ERα and ERβ in uterine cavity epithelium and matrix were determined. RESULTS:Compared with sham operation group,rats in model group showed low columnar in endometrial columnar epithelium,lamina propria layer,muscular layer and serous layer were signifi-cantly atrophied,stromal cells had obvious nuclear condensation. There was marked decrease in uterine wet mass,uterine cavity ar-ea and endometrial thickness as well as the number of uterine glands(P<0.01),and the expression levels of ERαand ERβin uter-ine cavity epithelium and matrix were significantly reduced(P<0.01). Compared with model group,the atrophy degree of endome-trium and lamina propria layer had no significant differences in DSS each dose groups. However,lamina propria layer was rich in glands,and there were significant differences in uterine wet mass,uterine cavity area,endometrial thickness,ERα expression level in uterine cavity epithelium and matrix (P>0.05). However, the number of uterine glands in DSS medium-dose,high-dose groups was significantly increased(P<0.01),and ERβexpres-sion level in uterine cavity epithelium and matrix in DSS high-dose group was significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:DSS has not obvious effect on im-proving the symptoms of uterine gland atrophy of model rats in perimenopausal period,but it can increase the number ofuterine glands,and the mechanism may be associated with improving the ERβ expression level in uterine cavity epithelium and ma-trix.

Objective:To investigate the promoting effect of Ginsenoside Ro on the differentiation of THP-1-derived dendritic cells (DCs) induced by GM-CSF and IL-4.Methods: Sensitive leukemia-derived DC cell line was screened first.Then,the selected sensitive cell line THP-1 was stimulated to differentiate into DCs by cytokines (GM-CSF and IL-4) and small(5 μmol/L),middle(10 μmol/L),and large (20 μmol/L) dose of Ginsenoside Ro respectively.The expressions of CD1a,MHCⅡ and CD86 of leukemia-derived DCs were detected by flow cytometry.In addition,the transcription levels of CD1a,CD86 and MHCⅡ of leukemia-derived DCs were detected by RT-PCR.ELISA was used to measure the protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the culture supernatant.Results: THP-1 was the sensitive leukemia cell line which could be induced to differentiate into DCs by cytokines.Compared with cytokine stimulation alone,the expression of CD1a,MHCⅡ and CD86 in leukemia-derived cells was significantly increased after the stimulation of Ginsenoside Ro combined with cytokine(P<0.05).The CD1a,CD86 and MHCⅡ mRNA expression was significantly increased after the treatment of Ginsenoside Ro combined with cytokine(P<0.05).Moreover,the protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in culture supernatant were significantly increased (P<0.05) after the stimulation of Ginsenoside Ro in combination with cytokines.Conclusion: Ginsenoside Ro can significantly promote the differentiation of leukemia-derived DCs.

Objective To explore the correlation between thyroid nodules and uric acid levels and to find their gender differences.Methods A total of 68 056 subjects in a regional medical physical examination center of Shanxi Province from January 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled in this study.All the participants′ general information and parameters were recorded.Thyroid nodules were detected by color Doppler ultrasonography.Results The total prevalence of thyroid nodule was 35.5%, 30.7% in males and 40.0% in females.The prevalence of single nodule was 50.1%, and multiple 49.9%.Compared with no nodule group, thyroid nodule group tended to be older, with higher BMI, and with a worse metabolic status(all P<0.01).The uric acid levels were lower[(352.37±78.14 vs 357.70±77.51) μmol/L, P<0.01] in thyroid nodule group in male and higher[(260.22±61.91 vs 253.91±59.18) μmol/L, P<0.01] in female.Conclusion Thyroid nodules may be associated with metabolism and inflammation.In males, hyperuricemia group had lower, while in females, hyperuricemia ones were with a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules.

Objective To study the effect of CDCA5 silencing on the growth of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435s in vitro and its mechanism.Methods The expression of CDCA5 in breast cancer tissue,the adjacent normal tissue and human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7,MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s was tested by Western blot.The target sequences of CDCA5 small interfering RNA (siRNA),control siRNA (siRNA-NC) and blank groups were designed.PCR was used to observe the gene silencing effect on CDCA5.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay in siRNA,siRNA-NC and Blank groups.Cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry.Plkl,SA2 and pSA2 protein expression was tested by Western blot.Rssults The expression of CDCA5 was higher in breast cancer tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue.The expression of CDCA5 was higher in human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435s than in MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cell line.The expression level of CDCA5 was downregulated significantly in siRNA group than other groups.The cell viability was decreased and the cell percentage of G2/M phase was elevated in siRNA group compared with those in siRNA-NC and Blank groups.Inhibition of the CDCA5 gene can suppress the expression of Plk1 and pSA2.Conclusion Silencing CDCA5 expression can effectively inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells,whose mechanism may lie in arresting cell cycle in G2/M phase by suppressing CDCA5/Plkl/SA2 signaling pathway.