BACKGROUND:Sclerostin can negatively regulate the bone metabolism, and the sclerostin monoclonal
antibody can antagonize the negative regulation effect, inhibit bone resorption and promote bone formation. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism and application progress of sclerostin monoclonal antibody in the treatment of osteoporosis.
METHODS:An online search of PubMed database, CNKI database, VIP database and Wanfang database
between May 2005 and May 2013 was performed by the first author to search the related articles with the key words of“osteoporosis, antibody, sclerostin, Wnt, SOST”in both English and Chinese. Articles related to
sclerostin monoclonal antibody were included. For the articles in the same field, those published earlier or in the authorized journals were preferred.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 170 articles were obtained after initial search, and final y 54 articles related to sclerostin monoclonal antibody were included for review according to the inclusion criteria. The
sclerostin can block Wnt pathway through combining with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6, thus inhibiting the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. By specifical y binding to sclerostin, the
sclerosin monoclonal antibody can indirectly promote bone formation and restrain bone absorption which has great significance in the treatment of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, compared with the other treatment method, the specific targeting of sclerostin and the binding specificity of sclerostin monoclonal antibody provide application advantages for the treatment of osteoporosis.

AIM: To study the expression of nucleostemin (NS) gene in human breast tumor tissues and the relations of NS gene expression level with histological grades, histological types and TNM stages of the tumor.METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from human breast tumor tissue. The methods of electrophoresis and RT-PCR were used in measuring NS gene expression level, and the relations of NS gene expression level with histological grades, histological types and TNM stages of the tumor were analyzed. RESULTS: The results indicated that there was no NS gene expression detected in normal breast tissues, and NS gene expression in malignant breast tumor tissues (P0.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that there is no relation of NS gene expression level with histological types of the breast cancer, but there is a marked correlation of NS gene expression level with the histological grades and TNM stages.

In recent years, with the development of sequencing technology and research on molecular changes in different races of prostate cancer, it has been found that the pathogenesis of prostate cancer showed obvious ethnic differences. This article reviewed the research progress of ETS fusion genes, FOXA1, SPOP, IDH1 and other driver genes in prostate cancer. And the research of molecular typing of prostate cancer showed different patterns of molecular changes in Chinese and western populations. The molecular changes of prostate cancer in western populations were dominated by ETS fusion gene, while those in Chinese populations were dominated by gene mutations, mainly FOXA1 and SPOP mutations. Moreover, the dominant fusion gene in Chinese prostate cancer was not ETS fusion gene, but SCHLAP1-UBE2E3.

Objective To investigate the effect on proliferation and apoptosis by RNA interference to inhibit Nucleostemin(NS) gene expression in gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells.Methods The NS-siRNA expression vector was transfected into gastric-carcinoma cells with LipofectamineTM2000 reagent.Then we detected the cell proliferation inhibition ratio by MTT assay,the levels of NS gene expression in all groups by RT-PCR,cell cycle by flow cytometry,cell apoptosis ratio by Annexin-V-FITC/PI kit.Results Compared with that in the control group,cell proliferation in S group decreased;at 24,48 and 72 h the cell proliferation inhibition ratio was 53.21%,71.54% and 87.47%,respectively,the level of NS gene expression reduced in S group.G0/G1 phase cell was 58.34%,S phase cell was 20.68%,and the cell apoptosis was 26.85%.Conclusion RNA interference could substantially inhibit NS gene expression in gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells,decrease cell proliferation,arrest cell cycle and increase apoptosis ratio.

Objective:To explore the rules of prescription and medication of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation treatment for insomnia.Methods:We screened the medical records related to insomnia from the ancient medical cases, modern medical cases, famous medical cases and shared medical record database, and then we put data into the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform (V 1.5.7). The platform software Data mining was applied and performed by frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and drug pair analysis. Results:This study collected 664 cases related to insomnia, like difficulty in falling sleep, early waking up, easy to wake up, dreaminess. The top 5 syndromes included internal phlegm-heat, imbalance between heart-yang and kidney-yin, liver stagnation transforming into fire, heart and spleen deficiency, restless mind. There were 664 prescriptions, 414 TCM medications, where the top 5 medications included Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Rehmanniae Radix, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The effect of high-frequency medications were nourishing the heart and calming the mind, clearing heat and dissipating phlegm, soothing the liver and relieving depression, and nourishing yin and yang. The top five drug-combinations included Ostreae Concha- Longgu, Poria- Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium- Poria, Angelicae Sinensis Radix- Rehmanniae Radix, Bupleuri Radix- Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Conclusions:TCM syndrome differentiation for insomnia focus on the heart. The medications are mainly to nourish the heart and calm the mind, supplemented by clearing heat, replenishing heart and spleen, soothing the liver and relieving stagnation, nourishing yin and blood for the symptoms relief, with treatment priciple of seeking both temporary and permanent solutions.

Objective:To detect the factors related to hemocytopenia and interstitial lung disease (ILD) secondary to primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) in in-patients.Methods:Clinical characteristics of patients with pSS hospitalized in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 2014 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into different groups according to hemocytopenia and ILD. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare data in subgroups, and logistic regression were used to detect factors related to hemocytopenia and ILD secondary to pSS. Results:Five hundred and seventy-one inpatients with pSS were included in this study and the female: male ratio was 8∶1. Two hundred and seventy five of included patients had hemocytopenia (48.2%) and 180 patients had ILD (31.5%). Compared with patients without hemocytopenia, patients with hemocytopenia had higher ratio in low C3 [ OR=2.326, 95% CI(1.483, 3.650), P<0.01] and elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [ OR=1.912, 95% CI(1.233, 2.964), PP<0.01) . Compared with patients without ILD, patients with ILD showed higher ratio in male[ OR=2.509, 95% CI(1.269, 4.959), P<0.01) and fatigue [ OR=5.190, 95% CI(5.190, 13.931), P<0.01) , lower positive rate of anti-SSA antibody [ OR=0.392, 95% CI(0.230, 0.668), P<0.01) and anti-CENPB [ OR=0.337, 95% CI(0.145, 0.782), P<0.01] antibodies, and lower ratio in low C3[ OR=0.332, 95% CI(0.189, 0.582), P<0.01]. Conclusion:Low C3 and high ESR may be risk factors for developing hemocytopenia in patients with pSS. Men with pSS may be susceptible to ILD, while pSS patients with ILD may have lower ratio in positive anti-SSA antibody, positive anti-CENPB antibody and low C3. All of these findings are yet to be validated by future prospective cohort studies.

Researches on gene sequencing find that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)does not encode protein, however,it participates in the biological pathway of gastric cancer and plays a certain role in the process of prognosis and outcome of gastric cancer. With the generation of gene databases and the popularity of computer algorithms,the researches on the prognosis-related lncRNA of gastric cancer are gradually increasing. The bioinformatics study of prognosis-related lncRNA of gastric cancer can provide ideas for experimental researches. It is expected to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer and improve prognosis by exploring more lncRNAs that are related to the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Due to the development of neonatal intensive care, the survival rate of very preterm infants and very low birth weight infants has been significantly improved, and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been obviously increasing year by year.The pathogenesis of BPD has not been clear, it is considered that inflammation is an important link in the occurrence and development of BPD at present.Neutrophils can use their neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and kill pathogens and reduce inflammation, but excessive formation of NETs is easy to induce inflammatory imbalance, so as to damage normal cells or tissues and participate in the pathophysiological process of BPD.This paper reviews the structure, formation, function and regulatory role of NETs in BPD, and the targeted treatment strategies and potential research directions of NETs in BPD.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfurated glycosaminoglycan, a major component of the extracellular matrix, widely distributed in skin, cartilage and vascular tissue. CS plays an important role in the physiological state regulation of articular cartilage, which affects tensile strength and elasticity of tissues by influencing aggrecan. Previous studies have shown that CS sulfate modification may be related to the growth and development disorders of cartilage tissue and the occurrence of osteoarticular diseases. At the same time, CS is also a common joint supplement, often used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease. In this paper, the research progress of CS sulfate modification characteristics in Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis and the application of the preparation in the treatment of Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis are reviewed, aiming to provide help for the investigation of the etiology of Kashin-Beck disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease.

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics of patients with primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) by gender and age of disease onset.Methods:Clinical data of hospitalized patients with pSS in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 2014 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into different groups according to their genders and ages of disease onset (young grong <30 years, middle-age group 30-59 years, elderly group ≥60 years). Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare data in subgroups, and logistic regression was performed to analyze data after control covariates. Results:Five hundred and forty one patients with pSS were included in this study and 481 of them were women (88.9%) Women had higher ratio than men in dry mouth [ OR (95% CI) =2.172(1.091, 4.323), P=0.027], dry eyes [ OR(95% CI)=2.179(1.062, 4.469), P=0.034], leukocytopenia [ OR(95% CI)=3.789(1.150, 12.482), P=0.029], ANA titer≥1∶160 [ OR(95% CI)=2.233(1.279, 3.898), P<0.01], positive anti-SSA [ OR(95% CI)=2.919(1.644, 5.183), P<0.01], positive anti-Ro52 [ OR(95% CI)=3.018(1.685, 5.405), P<0.01], while men had higher ratio than women in parotid enlargement [ OR(95% CI)=2.345(1.281, 4.325), P<0.01], and interstitial lung disease (ILD) [ OR(95% CI)=2.593(1.460, 4.606), P<0.01]. Compared with patients in young group, patients in middles age group had higher ratio in dental caries [ OR(95% CI)=5.940(2.230, 15.819), P<0.01], xero-phthalmia [ OR(95% CI)=2.904(1.313, 6.425), P<0.01], arthralgia [ OR(95% CI)=1.959(1.039, 3.694), P=0.038] and ILD [ OR(95% CI)=2.247(1.018, 4.959), P=0.045], but lower ratio in renal involvement [ OR(95% CI)=0.402(0.211, 0.766), P<0.01]; patients in elderly group had higher ratio in dental caries [ OR(95% CI)=7.437(2.441, 22.656), P<0.01], xerophthalmia [ OR(95% CI)=6.084(1.901, 19.468), P<0.01], and ILD [ OR(95% CI)=4.857(2.029,11.627), P<0.01]. Compared with patients in elderly group, patients in young group had higher positive rate in anti-SSA [ OR(95% CI)=2.836(1.245, 6.459), P=0.013], anti-SSB [ OR(95% CI)=3.075(1.413, 6.690), P<0.01], rheumatoid factors (RF) [ OR(95% CI)=3.323(1.620, 6.817), P<0.01] and elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG)[ OR(95% CI)=3.567(1.747, 7.284), P<0.01]; patients in middle age group had higher positive rate in anti-SSB[ OR(95% CI)=2.330(1.315, 4.130), P<0.01], RF [ OR(95% CI)=2.026(1.279, 3.208), P<0.01], and elevated IgG [ OR(95% CI)=2.077(1.297, 3.327), P<0.01]. Conclusion:Women with pSS present a higher ratio in dry mouth, dry eyes, leukocytopenia and positive autoantibodies than men, while parotid enlargement and ILD are more common in men than women. Young patients are prone to renal involvement, middle-aged patients are prone to arthralgia, while elderly patients are prone to dental caries and xerophthalmia. With the growth of age, the positive rates of autoantibodies and elevated IgG are decreased gradually in patients with pSS, but the ratios of dental caries, xerophthalmia and ILD is increased gradually.