BACKGROUND:Sclerostin can negatively regulate the bone metabolism, and the sclerostin monoclonal
antibody can antagonize the negative regulation effect, inhibit bone resorption and promote bone formation. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism and application progress of sclerostin monoclonal antibody in the treatment of osteoporosis.
METHODS:An online search of PubMed database, CNKI database, VIP database and Wanfang database
between May 2005 and May 2013 was performed by the first author to search the related articles with the key words of“osteoporosis, antibody, sclerostin, Wnt, SOST”in both English and Chinese. Articles related to
sclerostin monoclonal antibody were included. For the articles in the same field, those published earlier or in the authorized journals were preferred.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 170 articles were obtained after initial search, and final y 54 articles related to sclerostin monoclonal antibody were included for review according to the inclusion criteria. The
sclerostin can block Wnt pathway through combining with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5/6, thus inhibiting the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. By specifical y binding to sclerostin, the
sclerosin monoclonal antibody can indirectly promote bone formation and restrain bone absorption which has great significance in the treatment of osteoporosis. Meanwhile, compared with the other treatment method, the specific targeting of sclerostin and the binding specificity of sclerostin monoclonal antibody provide application advantages for the treatment of osteoporosis.

AIM: To study the expression of nucleostemin (NS) gene in human breast tumor tissues and the relations of NS gene expression level with histological grades, histological types and TNM stages of the tumor.METHODS: Total RNA was isolated from human breast tumor tissue. The methods of electrophoresis and RT-PCR were used in measuring NS gene expression level, and the relations of NS gene expression level with histological grades, histological types and TNM stages of the tumor were analyzed. RESULTS: The results indicated that there was no NS gene expression detected in normal breast tissues, and NS gene expression in malignant breast tumor tissues (P0.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that there is no relation of NS gene expression level with histological types of the breast cancer, but there is a marked correlation of NS gene expression level with the histological grades and TNM stages.

Objective To investigate the effect on proliferation and apoptosis by RNA interference to inhibit Nucleostemin(NS) gene expression in gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells.Methods The NS-siRNA expression vector was transfected into gastric-carcinoma cells with LipofectamineTM2000 reagent.Then we detected the cell proliferation inhibition ratio by MTT assay,the levels of NS gene expression in all groups by RT-PCR,cell cycle by flow cytometry,cell apoptosis ratio by Annexin-V-FITC/PI kit.Results Compared with that in the control group,cell proliferation in S group decreased;at 24,48 and 72 h the cell proliferation inhibition ratio was 53.21%,71.54% and 87.47%,respectively,the level of NS gene expression reduced in S group.G0/G1 phase cell was 58.34%,S phase cell was 20.68%,and the cell apoptosis was 26.85%.Conclusion RNA interference could substantially inhibit NS gene expression in gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells,decrease cell proliferation,arrest cell cycle and increase apoptosis ratio.

Objective:To explore the rules of prescription and medication of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation treatment for insomnia.Methods:We screened the medical records related to insomnia from the ancient medical cases, modern medical cases, famous medical cases and shared medical record database, and then we put data into the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform (V 1.5.7). The platform software Data mining was applied and performed by frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and drug pair analysis. Results:This study collected 664 cases related to insomnia, like difficulty in falling sleep, early waking up, easy to wake up, dreaminess. The top 5 syndromes included internal phlegm-heat, imbalance between heart-yang and kidney-yin, liver stagnation transforming into fire, heart and spleen deficiency, restless mind. There were 664 prescriptions, 414 TCM medications, where the top 5 medications included Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Rehmanniae Radix, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The effect of high-frequency medications were nourishing the heart and calming the mind, clearing heat and dissipating phlegm, soothing the liver and relieving depression, and nourishing yin and yang. The top five drug-combinations included Ostreae Concha- Longgu, Poria- Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium- Poria, Angelicae Sinensis Radix- Rehmanniae Radix, Bupleuri Radix- Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Conclusions:TCM syndrome differentiation for insomnia focus on the heart. The medications are mainly to nourish the heart and calm the mind, supplemented by clearing heat, replenishing heart and spleen, soothing the liver and relieving stagnation, nourishing yin and blood for the symptoms relief, with treatment priciple of seeking both temporary and permanent solutions.

In recent years, with the development of sequencing technology and research on molecular changes in different races of prostate cancer, it has been found that the pathogenesis of prostate cancer showed obvious ethnic differences. This article reviewed the research progress of ETS fusion genes, FOXA1, SPOP, IDH1 and other driver genes in prostate cancer. And the research of molecular typing of prostate cancer showed different patterns of molecular changes in Chinese and western populations. The molecular changes of prostate cancer in western populations were dominated by ETS fusion gene, while those in Chinese populations were dominated by gene mutations, mainly FOXA1 and SPOP mutations. Moreover, the dominant fusion gene in Chinese prostate cancer was not ETS fusion gene, but SCHLAP1-UBE2E3.

Objective:To detect the factors related to hemocytopenia and interstitial lung disease (ILD) secondary to primary Sj?gren's syndrome (pSS) in in-patients.Methods:Clinical characteristics of patients with pSS hospitalized in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 2014 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into different groups according to hemocytopenia and ILD. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare data in subgroups, and logistic regression were used to detect factors related to hemocytopenia and ILD secondary to pSS. Results:Five hundred and seventy-one inpatients with pSS were included in this study and the female: male ratio was 8∶1. Two hundred and seventy five of included patients had hemocytopenia (48.2%) and 180 patients had ILD (31.5%). Compared with patients without hemocytopenia, patients with hemocytopenia had higher ratio in low C3 [ OR=2.326, 95% CI(1.483, 3.650), P<0.01] and elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [ OR=1.912, 95% CI(1.233, 2.964), PP<0.01) . Compared with patients without ILD, patients with ILD showed higher ratio in male[ OR=2.509, 95% CI(1.269, 4.959), P<0.01) and fatigue [ OR=5.190, 95% CI(5.190, 13.931), P<0.01) , lower positive rate of anti-SSA antibody [ OR=0.392, 95% CI(0.230, 0.668), P<0.01) and anti-CENPB [ OR=0.337, 95% CI(0.145, 0.782), P<0.01] antibodies, and lower ratio in low C3[ OR=0.332, 95% CI(0.189, 0.582), P<0.01]. Conclusion:Low C3 and high ESR may be risk factors for developing hemocytopenia in patients with pSS. Men with pSS may be susceptible to ILD, while pSS patients with ILD may have lower ratio in positive anti-SSA antibody, positive anti-CENPB antibody and low C3. All of these findings are yet to be validated by future prospective cohort studies.

Researches on gene sequencing find that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)does not encode protein, however,it participates in the biological pathway of gastric cancer and plays a certain role in the process of prognosis and outcome of gastric cancer. With the generation of gene databases and the popularity of computer algorithms,the researches on the prognosis-related lncRNA of gastric cancer are gradually increasing. The bioinformatics study of prognosis-related lncRNA of gastric cancer can provide ideas for experimental researches. It is expected to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer and improve prognosis by exploring more lncRNAs that are related to the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the value of real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)combined with biochemical indicators for evaluating liver injury in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods Totally 210 patients with CKD(CKD group)and 64 healthy subjects(control group)were retrospectively enrolled.Patients in CKD group were further divided into CKD1-5 subgroups according to CKD stages.SWE parameters of liver and kidney,including mean value,the maximum value and the median value of Young's modulus(EQImean,EQImax and EQImed)were compared between CKD subgroups and control group.Spearman correlation analysis were performed to explore the correlations of liver and kidney SWE parameters with CKD stage,as well as of liver SWE parameters with biochemical indicators.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent predictors of liver injury in CKD patients.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of the independent predictors alone and their combination for assessing liver injury in CKD patients.Results Significant differences of liver and kidney SWE parameters were found among CKD subgroups and control group(all P≤ 0.001).Pairwise comparison showed that liver SWE parameters in CKD5 subgroup and liver EQImax in CKD4 subgroup were all higher than those in control group(all P＜0.003).Kidney SWE parameters in CKD3 subgroup were all higher than those in control group,while in CKD4 subgroup were all higher than those in control group and CKD1-3 subgroup(all P＜0.003).Kidney EQImean and EQImed in CKD5 subgroup were all higher than those in control group and CKD1-4 subgroup,while kidney EQImax in CKD5 subgroup were higher than those in control group and CKD1-3 subgroup(all P＜0.003).Liver and kidney SWE parameters were lowly-moderately and positively correlated with CKD stages(r=0.364-0.665,all P＜0.001).Liver SWE parameters of CKD were weakly and positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase(ALP)(r=0.229-0.248,all P＜0.01).The γ-glutamyl transferase,ALP and liver EQImax were all independent predictors of liver injury in CKD patients(all P＜0.01),with AUC for evaluating liver injury in CKD patients alone of 0.645,0.756 and 0.741,respectively,lower than that of their combination(0.851,all P＜0.01).Conclusion Real-time SWE combined with liver function indicators could reflect degree of liver injury in patients with different CKD stages.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore whether the down-regulation of tumor suppressor gene PRDM5 is one of the mechanisms of HPV16 virus infection leading to cervical cancer. Methods The expressions of PRDM5 protein and HPV16 E6/HPV18 E6 protein in cervical cancer tissues and normal cervical tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. After transfected with HPV16 E6 shRNA plasmid,the expression of PRDM5 gene was detected in SiHa cells by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results The positive expression rate of HPV 16/18 E6 in cervical cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal cervical tissues. The expression level of PRDM5 protein in cervical cancer tissues was lower than that in normal cervical tissues. After HPV16 E6 shRNA3 was transfected into SiHa cells to interfere with the expression of HPV16 E6 gene,the expression of PRDM5 at mRNA and protein levels was up-regulated in SiHa cells. Conclusion PRDM5 may mediate the development of cervical cancer caused by HPV16 virus infection.

INTRODUCTION: Pericardiocentesis is a potentially life-saving procedure. We compared two low-cost models-an agar-based model and a novel model, Centesys-in terms of ultrasound image quality and realism, effectiveness of the model, and learners' confidence and satisfaction after training. METHODS: In this pilot randomised 2x2 crossover trial stratified by physician seniority, participants were assigned to undergo pericardiocentesis training either with the agar-based or Centesys model first, followed by the other model. Participants were asked to rate their confidence in performing ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis, clarity and realism of cardiac structures on ultrasound imaging, and satisfaction on a 7-point Likert scale before and after training with each model. RESULTS: Twenty participants with median postgraduate year of 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 3.75-6) years were recruited. Pre-training, participants rated themselves a median score of 2.5 (IQR 2-4) for level of confidence in performing pericardiocentesis, which improved to 5 (IQR 4-6) post-training with Centesys ( CONCLUSION Centesys achieved greater learner satisfaction as compared to the agar-based model, and was an effective tool for teaching ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis and drain insertion.