The national examination of doctors' qualification is the examination which assesses the medical students' knowledge and skills for doctors' work. This paper introduced autorities concerned, implementing agencies, examination forms and procedures, examination contents and keypoints, pass-ing criteria and matters needing attention of national examination of doctors's qualification be tween Canada and Australia expecting to provide references for the revolution of Chinese Examination of Doctors' Qualification.

Objective: To investigate the association between lifestyle risk factors and comorbidity of chronic diseases among male elderly populations in Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide insights into improvements of lifestyles and prevention of comorbidity of chronic diseases among male elderly populations. Methods: Male residents at ages of 65 years and older that participated in community healthy examinations were sampled from 16 villages (communities) in Oroqen Autonomous Banner using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method from July to December, 2020. Participants' demographic data, lifestyle risk factors and disease history were collected using questionnaire surveys, and healthy examinations data were collected through the grassroots healthcare service information system for community health service centers, including waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and blood lipid. The correlation between lifestyle risk factors and comorbidity of chronic diseases were examined among males at ages of 65 years and older using a multivariable ordered logistic regression model. Results: Totally 761 male elderly populations were included, with a mean age of (73.61±6.74) years. There were 216 participants with central obesity (28.38%), 179 with smoking (23.52%), 194 with alcohol consumption (25.49%), 412 with a low frequency of physical activities (54.14%), 347 with one type of lifestyle risk factor (45.60%) and 268 with two and more types of lifestyle risk factors (35.22%), 404 with hypertension, 170 with diabetes and 321 with dyslipidemia. There were 347 participants with one type of chronic disease (45.60%), 199 with two types of chronic diseases (26.15%) and 50 with three types of chronic diseases (6.57%), and the prevalence of comorbidity of chronic diseases was 32.72% among the participants. Multivariable ordered logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of developing comorbidity of chronic diseases among participants with central obesity (OR=2.442, 95%CI: 1.804-3.307), and a reduced risk of comorbidity of chronic diseases among participants with less than two types of lifestyle risk factors (one type, OR=0.607, 95%CI: 0.451-0.820; none, OR=0.675, 95%CI: 0.460-0.990). Conclusions Central obesity and number of lifestyle risk factors are factors affecting comorbidity of chronic diseases among the male elderly populations at ages of 65 years and older in Oroqen Autonomous Banner.

The basic concept and related background of multivariate statistical process control(MSPC)were intro-duced.The basic process of MSPC implementation and the common statistics and control charts were described.The important role of MSPC in the pharmaceutical production process was emphasized,especially in the field of tra-ditional Chinese medicine,providing reference for the selection of quality control methods in drug production process.The advantages and disadvantages of MSPC were summarized,and the development trend of MSPC in drug production and quality control was prospected.

The virtual teaching and research department in medical colleges and universities is functional continuation and expansion of the actual teaching and research department. It serves teachers' needs, utilizes digital technology to break the constraints of regions and boundaries, and enables teachers to carry out teaching and research exchanges across disciplines, schools, and regions. This paper delves into the teaching, research, learning, and their relationships in the construction of medical virtual teaching and research department from the perspectives of policy system support, organizational structure, theoretical basis, technical support, team building, and resource gathering. By accurately analyzing the four logic principles of operational strategies, culture, media, and supply and demand, this paper preliminarily explores the innovation path for the virtual teaching and research department in medical colleges and universities that integrates cloud medical library, cloud teaching and research, and cloud practice.

Objective To investigate the effect of G protein?coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) on the diastolic function of renal interlobular artery and reduce renal ischemia?reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Female ovariectomized rats were divided into control group; ischemia?reperfusion injury (IRI) group;GPER?specific agonist (G1) intervention group;GPER?specific blocker+GPER?specific agonist (G15+G1) intervention group. Histopathological examination (HE staining), renal function test and Paller score were used to identify the success of the model and the degree of kidney damage. In vitro microvascular pressure diameter measuring instrument was used to detect the relaxation and contraction activity of renal interlobular artery in each group. Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the expression of GPER on the renal interlobular artery. Westernblotting was used to detect the expression of GPER protein in renal interlobular artery of rats in each group. The NO content was determined by a nitrate reductase method. Results Compared with IRI group, serum BUN, Scr level and Paller score in G1 intervention group were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). The systolic rate of renal interlobar artery was significantly increased [(40.76 ± 1.57)％ vs (29.78 ± 1.87)％, P<0.05]. The results of immunofluorescence showed that GPER was expressed in renal interlobular artery smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, and the expression of IRI group was higher than that of the control group. The expression of G15+G1 intervention group was lower than that of G1 intervention group (all P<0.05). Compared with the IRI group, the NO content in the G1 intervention group increased significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusions During renal ischemia ?reperfusion injury, GPER may regulate the systolic and diastolic activity of the renal interlobar artery by increasing the content of NO, so as to alleviate the renal ischemia?reperfusion injury.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfurated glycosaminoglycan, a major component of the extracellular matrix, widely distributed in skin, cartilage and vascular tissue. CS plays an important role in the physiological state regulation of articular cartilage, which affects tensile strength and elasticity of tissues by influencing aggrecan. Previous studies have shown that CS sulfate modification may be related to the growth and development disorders of cartilage tissue and the occurrence of osteoarticular diseases. At the same time, CS is also a common joint supplement, often used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease. In this paper, the research progress of CS sulfate modification characteristics in Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis and the application of the preparation in the treatment of Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis are reviewed, aiming to provide help for the investigation of the etiology of Kashin-Beck disease and the treatment of osteoarthritis and Kashin-Beck disease.

Due to the development of neonatal intensive care, the survival rate of very preterm infants and very low birth weight infants has been significantly improved, and the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has been obviously increasing year by year.The pathogenesis of BPD has not been clear, it is considered that inflammation is an important link in the occurrence and development of BPD at present.Neutrophils can use their neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture and kill pathogens and reduce inflammation, but excessive formation of NETs is easy to induce inflammatory imbalance, so as to damage normal cells or tissues and participate in the pathophysiological process of BPD.This paper reviews the structure, formation, function and regulatory role of NETs in BPD, and the targeted treatment strategies and potential research directions of NETs in BPD.

INTRODUCTION: Prognostic thresholds for 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) have been studied for high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but there is limited data on the prognostic performance of hsTnT for one-year MACE. METHODS: We prospectively measured hsTnT (in ng/mL up to two decimal places) at 0, 2 and 7 hours for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of ACS to our emergency department from March 2010 to April 2013. We assessed the prognostic performance of hsTnT cut-offs for 30-day and one-year MACE, and the utility of delta-hsTnT in predicting MACE. RESULTS: Among 2,444 patients studied, 273 (11.2%) developed MACE (including index MACE) by 30 days and 359 (14.7%) patients developed MACE at one year. The suggested hsTnT cut-off for 30-day MACE was ≥ 10 ng/L at 0 hour (positive predictive value [PPV] 33.5%, negative predictive value [NPV] 94.5%) and 7 hours (PPV 37.3%, NPV 94.5%), and ≥ 20 ng/L at 2 hours (PPV 36.9%, NPV 96.9%). For one-year MACE, the suggested cut-off was also ≥ 10 ng/L at all readings. Plasma hsTnT ≥ 30 ng/L at any reading gave PPV > 54% and NPV > 93% for 30-day MACE. Absolute 0-2 hour and 2-7 hour delta-hsTnT ≥ 10 ng/L gave PPV > 50% for 30-day and one-year MACE. CONCLUSION Patients with 0-, 2- or 7-hour hsTnT ≥ 30 ng/L and 0-2 hour delta-hsTnT ≥ 10 ng/L had PPV > 50% for 30-day and one-year MACE, and should be investigated thoroughly.

Objective To analyze the status of youth funds and fund management in radiation health research institutes, and to explore the contribution of institutional funds to the cultivation of young scientific and technological talents in the field of radiation health . Methods The scientific archives of youth funds from 2003 to 2023 were collected for analyses from the aspects of organization and management, application and review, cycle, funding amount, research field, the person in charge of the program, acceptance, and achievements. Statistical analyses were carried out in Excel 2019. Results The institution-supported Youth Director Funds had a two-year implementation period. A total of 68 funds were granted with a cumulative funding amount of 2.4178 million Chinese yuan. A total of 88 papers were published and 4 patents were granted. Conclusion The establishment of youth funds has fostered the ability of young scientific and technological talents to independently conduct research and promoted their professional development.

Objective: The aging model of guinea pigs induced by D-galactose was set up to investigate the changes of BK_Ca expression and function on cochlear pericytes and their relationship with age-related hearing loss. Methods: Thirty healthy 8-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 in each group: D-galactose aging model group, subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (500 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks; saline control group, the same amount of saline was injected into the neck of the aging model group for 6 weeks; the blank control group, no treatment was performed. The threshold of auditory brainstem response (ABR) was detected. The content of BK_Ca in the perivascular cells of the guinea pig cochlear cells was detected by immunofluorescence technique. The changes of peripheral current density and BK_Ca current were detected by patch clamp technique. The data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism software. Results: Compared with the saline group and the control group, the ABR threshold and the amplitude of the wave I were significantly decreased in the aging model group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of BK_Ca in the vascular pericytes of guinea pigs in the aging model group was significantly reduced (1.00±0.08 vs 0.27±0.03,the difference was statistically significant P<0.01), and the cell current density and BK_Ca net current value were also significantly reduced with statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions D-galactose can successfully induce guinea pig aging model, in which BK_Ca expression decreases and net current value decreases in pericytes of cochlear striavascularis, and changes in BK_Ca expression and function may be related to age-related hearing loss.