BACKGROUND: Electrochemotherapy(ECT) is a new and an efficient approach for the treatment of tumor. The technique is very easy to control and operate and is of little harm to normal tissue. Especially, it is very efficient in curing the superficial tumors. In the treatment process of ECT, the selection and constitute of electromagnetic impulse are the key factors.OBJECTIVE: To use the ECT as a therapeutic method for S-180 sarcomas in Kunming mice and obtain the optimal parameters of electromagnetic impulse in curing.SETTING: Department of Wireless Physics, College of Electronics-Information, Sichuan University DESIGN: Random grouping design and controlled experiment study MATERIALS: This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Cells, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University from January 2003 to May 2004. Totally 106 Kunming mice were randomly divided into 12 groups: voltage 500 V, pulse number 5 and capacitance 6,10 and 14 μF, respectively in 3 groups, with 9 mice in each group;voltage 700 V, pulse number 5 and capacitance 6,10 and 14 μF, respectively in 3 groups, with 9 mice in each group; voltage 900 V, pulse number 5 and capacitance 6,10 and 14 μF, respectively in 3 groups,with 9 mice in each group; voltage 700 V, capacitance 10 μF, pulse number 7 and and 9 respectively in 2 groups , with 8 mice in each group , and control group with 9 mice in it.METHODS: The treatment includes injection of Bleomycin 0.04 mg per one (intraperitoneal injecting into tumors through multiple points), followed by application of electromagnetic impulse using the needles. The treatment was taken every three days andthree times in total. Mice were euthanized 18 days later. Tumor volume was measured before irradiation and 10 and 18 days after irradiation. Tumor volume (mm3)=3.141 59×length×width×height/6. Inhibitory rate(%)=(average tumor volume of the control group-average tumor volume after irradiation)/average tumor volume of control group×100%. The relative growth velocity=tumor volume after irradiation/Tumor volume before irradiation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor volume; inhibitory rate; relative growth velocity RESULTS: Totally 106 animals were enrolled in the experiment and all of them entered the stage of result analysis. ①When the capacitance was 6 μF, the impulse numbers are 5, the voltage altered [for example the 10th day, when voltage was 500, 700, 900 V, the tumor volume was (66.99±91.17),(62.58±71.83),(78.43±73.91) mm3 , respectively]. The effect was the best when the voltage was 700 V, and was the worst when 900 V).②When the voltage and capacitance were fixed and the pulse numbers altered, for example voltage 700 V and capacitance 10 μF, taking the 10th day as the example , the pulse number was 5, 7 and 9, the tumor volume was (80.66±38.17),(41.33±36.40),(39.86±23.03) mm3, respectively. The inhibitory effect was better with the increase of pulse number, and the best when the pulse number was 9.CONCLUSION: According to experimental results, following parameters of electromagnetic impulse, can be concluded: ①The inhibitory effect is the best when the number of impulse is 5, voltage 700 V, capacitance 6 μF. ②The inhibitory effect increases with the increase of pulse number when the voltage is 700 V and capacitance is 10 μF, and is the best when the pulse number is 9.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effect of siRNA expression vector inhibiting human insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2)gene on the proliferation of hepatoma cell line Huh-7. METHODS:siRNA expression vector pGL3-hAFP-hTERT-siRNA3(“siRNA3”)which inhibited IGF2 gene by dual promoter regulation of recombinant human alpha-foetoprotein(hAFP)and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)was transfected into the Huh-7 cell and normal hepatocyte L-02,and then a nega-tive control group(vector pGL3-hAFP-hTERT)and a blank control group were set up. IGF2 mRNA expression was detected by re-al-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction 48 h after transfection into the cells in all groups;the activity of the cells by the microplate reader 0,24,48 and 72 h thereafter;and the cell cycle and apoptosis by the flow cytometer 48 h thereafter,and the changes in the protein levels of IGF2,PCNA,Cyclin E2,Cyclin D2,Cdc2 and Bcl-2 in the cell were detected by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the negative control group and blank control group,IGF2 mRNA expression in the Huh-7 cell transfected with siRNA3 was obviously weaker;at 48 and 72 h after transfection,the activity of Huh-7 cell signigicantly reduced, Huh-7 cells at G1 phase obviously increased and those at S phase markedly decreased;the occurrence of early,late and total apopto-sis in Huh-7 cells apparently increased,and the protein expression of IGF2,PCNA,Cyclin E2,Cyclin D2,Cdc2 and Bcl-2 in cells significantly weakened,with statistically significance(P<0.01 or P<0.05). No obvious change in the above-mentioned index-es could be found in L-02 cells transfected with siRNA3 expression vector (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:siRNA which inhibited IGF2 gene by dual promoter regulation of recombinant hAFP and hTERT can specially inhibit IGF2 gene expression and the prolifer-ation of Huh-7 cells,which may be involved with down-regulated protein expression of cell proliferation-associated gene PCNA, cell cycle control-associated genes Cyclin E2,Cyclin D2 and Cdc2 and apoptosis regulation-associated gene Bcl-2 as a result of down-regulated IGF2 mRNA expression and protein expres-sion.

Lactic acid, a widespread metabolite in the tumor microenvironment, is mainly produced by tumor cells that undergo aerobic glycolysis. Lactic acid is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor. It not only serves as a substrate to supply energy to tumor cells, but also acts as a signaling molecule to activate multiple pathways to promote invasive and metastasis, angiogenesis and immune escape of tumor cells. In-depth research on the mechanism of action of lactic acid in the occurrence and development of tumor and related therapeutic progress will help to find drug targets for treatment of tumor and improve prognosis of patients.

Objectives To conduct a research on the possibility and effect factors of latent fingerprints development in clothing objects after vacuum coating, and extracting fingerprints DNA and to probe in the relation among DNA template quantity and genetic loci numbers tested, and the rfu value after coating. Methods To select two groups that are free sweat hands and sweat hands and have them press their fingerprints on the cloth, after coating, and to analyze the effect of time, to quantify and test the targeted fingerprints DNA, to compare the locus numbers tested between white and black cloth. Results As the time is prolonged, the locus numbers tested decrease. The locus numbers tested on the group of sweat hands using the same method after the same placed time are lager than the free sweat hands. When the value of rfu is 600 above, the ratio of the locus numbers tested is more than 90% and the threshold of templates is 0.013ng. The locus numbers tested of white cloth is larger, comparing with black cloth when using the same method. What is more, there exists an prohibitive influence of pigments of the dyed cloth over the PCR amplification, to put it further, the loci numbers tested will be trimmed. Conclusion The technology of vacuum coating can be well used in the area of detecting fingerprint DNA.

In this paper is reported a new approach for the treatment of sarcoma--electroporation therapy. Electroporation can accelerate pharmacal molecules into cytoplasm by transient electromagnetic pulses. We have utilized the phenomenon of electroporation treating the S-180 sarcomas in the hind legs of the Kunming mice by intratumoral injection of anti-tumor agent at low dose. From the experiment, we learned that this approach can bring about remarkable effect. The technical procedure is easy to do and easy to control. Especially, it is useful in curing the flat tumor and has little untoward side effect. It deserves to be recommended as a new approach to treating the tumor in clinics.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Electrochemotherapy ; methods ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Sarcoma 180 ; drug therapy ; pathology

This article reports the experiment studies on treating the S-180 sarcomas of KM mice with high-intensity electric pulse and antitumor drug (cyclophosphamide). The results showed that the experimental group of electric field combined with drug has the best effect on tumor, compared with the control group. In addition, electric field can inhibit the formation of vas Capillaries and decrease the supply of nutrition for tumor cell. In conclusion, electric field has inhibited the growth of tumor.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Injections, Intralesional ; Mice ; Sarcoma 180 ; pathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

We chose Hela cells as research object and studied the cytotoxicity generated by cyclophosphamide, an antitumor drug, after cell electroporation by the use of electromagnetic pulses. Comparison between the electroporation group and the contrast group revealed the greatly enhanced cytotoxicity of the electroporation group, indicating that under some conditions electromagnetic pulses can enhance the cytotoxicity of antitumor drugs. The results of this study provide reliable evidences and a feasible approach for clinical treatment of tumor.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; pharmacology ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Electroporation ; methods ; HeLa Cells ; Humans

Objective To observe the effects of apatinib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B. Methods The clinical data of 72 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2015 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them,37 patients were treated with apatinib once a day,as apatinib group;35 patients were treated with FOLFOX4(oxaliplatin + calcium folinate + 5-fluorouracil)palliative chemotherapy,as FOLFOX4 group. The objective response rate(ORR),disease con-trol rate(DCR),serum alpha fetal protein(AFP),improvement of clinical symptoms,Karnofsky functional status(KPS)score improvement rate,median progression-free survival(PFS),median overall survival(OS), and the incidence of adverse reactions from both groups were contrastively analyzed. Results The ORR of apa-tinib group(27. 03％ ,10 / 37)was higher than that of FOLFOX4 group(17. 14％ ,6 / 35),and DCR (64. 86％ ,24 / 37)was also higher than that of FOLFOX4 group(48. 57％ ,17 / 35). However,there were no significant difference in ORR and DCR between the two groups(χ2 = 1. 017,P = 0. 313;χ2 = 1. 948,P =0. 163). After 16 weeks of treatment,serum AFP of apatinib group[(280 ± 20)ng/ ml]was significantly lower than that in FOLFOX4 group[(450 ± 20)ng/ ml,t = 36. 049,P < 0. 001]. Improvement rate of KPS score(86. 49％ ,32 / 37)was significantly more than that of FOLFOX4 group(57. 14％ ,20 / 35;χ2 = 7. 720, P = 0. 006). Improvement rate of clinical symptoms(72. 97％ ,27 / 37)was significantly more than that of FOLFOX4 group(42. 86％ ,15 / 35;χ2 = 6. 712,P = 0. 010). The mean PFS of apatinib group was 6. 2 months,which was significantly longer than that of FOLFOX4 group(2. 8 months,χ2 = 4. 815,P = 0. 028). The mean OS of apatinib group was 10. 9 months,which was significantly longer than that of FOLFOX4 group (6. 6 months,χ2 = 26. 429,P < 0. 001). In apatinib group,the main adverse reactions were hypertension, proteinuria and hand-foot syndrome;and in FOLFOX4 group,the main adverse reactions were leukopenia,neu-rotoxicity and liver function damage. Moreover,the adverse reactions in both groups were mostly 1 or 2 grade, which could be relieved or improved through symptomatic treatment. Conclusion Apatinib is safe and effective in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B. It can significantly prolong the life of patients and improve the quality of life and the clinical symptoms of patients.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of drug-eluting beads (DEB) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with hepatic arterio-portal shunt (HAPS).Methods 26 HCC patients with HAPS who underwent DEB-TACE (transcatheter arterial chemoembolization) were included in this retrospective study.Liver function level included preoperative serum albumin level,ascites,Child-Pugh classification,imaging manifestations of HAPS,follow-up and record survival time and response to cancer treatment.According to the degree of HAPS,all the patients were divided into 4 groups.After performing Kaplan-Meier,survival rate was calculated.Tumor response was measured by mRECIST criteria.Results The median survivals were 310 days,261 days,333 days,and 250 days in the entire study population,group 1,group 2,and group 3,respectively.There was no statistical significance in the survival curve among three groups (P =0.456).In the entire study population,the survival rates were 76.9％,37.3％,and 12.4％ at 6 months,12 months,and 24 months,respectively.After performing proportional hazards model,the preoperative serum albumin level,presence or absence of ascites,and preoperative Child-Pugh classification were independent predict factors for prognosis.Conclusions DEB-TACE is a safe and effective treatment for HCC with HAPS.The preoperative liver function is essential for patients'prognosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate how patterns of lymph nodes recurrence after radical surgery impact on survival of patients with pT1-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. One hundred eighty consecutive patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent radical surgery, and the tumors were staged as pT1-3N0M0 by postoperative pathology. Lymph nodes recurrence was detected with computed tomography 3-120 months after the treatment. The patterns of lymph nodes recurrence including stations, fields and locations of recurrent lymph nodes, and impacts on patterns of survival were statistically analyzed. There was a decreasing trend of overall survival with increasing stations or fields of postoperative lymph nodes involved (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that stations or fields of lymph nodes recurrence, and abdominal or cervical lymph nodes involved were prognostic factors for survival (all P<0.05). Cox analyses revealed that the field was an independent factor (P<0.05, odds ratio=2.73). Lymph nodes involved occurred predominantly in cervix and upper mediastinum (P<0.05). In conclusion, patterns of lymph node recurrence especially the fields of lymph nodes involved are significant prognostic factors for survival of patients with pT1-3N0M0 thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality/pathology/*surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality/pathology/*surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes/*pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Odds Ratio ; Postoperative Period ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed