Objective To determine the distribution profile of apocrine sweat glands in axillary region of patients with axillary osmidrosis,and to compare their distribution at different sites.Methods Fifteen patients with axillary osmidrosis were enrolled in this study from September to December 2010.All the patients underwent surgical removal of apocrine sweat glands under direct vision.Full-thickness skin tissue measuring 2 mm in width was excised down to the axillary superficial fascia at the incisional surgical sites from five patients.Five points,which were at the center of axillary region (point 1),1 cm away from the center of axillary region (point 2),1 cm inside the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 3),the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 4),and 1 cm outside the edge of axillary hair-bearing area (point 5),were marked,and dark red,rough granular subcutaneous tissue was obtained at these points in 10 patients with axillary osmidrosis.Results The secretory portion of apocrine sweat glands was mainly distributed in the reticular dennis and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue,but no apocrine sweat glands were obs erred in the epidermis,dermal papilla or axillary superficial fascia.The distribution profile of apocrine sweat glands was consistent with that of axillary hairs.There were numerous apocrine sweat glands in the center of axillary region,but only a small number at the edge of axillary hair-bearing area,and no apocrine sweat gland was observed at 1 cm outside the edge.The percentage of apocrine sweat gland area at point 1-5 was 74.1％,46.6％,25.3％,2.1％,and 0 respectively,with significant differences between point 1 and 2 (t--29.78,P＜ 0.01),point 2 and 3 (t--9.76,P＜ 0.01),point 3 and 4 (t =20.83,P＜ 0.01),but not between point 4 and 5 (t =1.96,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions During the surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis,the removal of apocrine sweat glands should be extended to the reticular dennis and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue in depth and the edge of axillary hair-bearing area in width,and there is no need to blindly increase the extent of removal.

Objective To investigate whether chemokine CCL2(also known as monocyte chemotactic protein 1 or MCP-1)has a causal relationship with lung cancer.Methods Genetic data of chemokine CCL2 and different pathological subtypes of lung cancer were extracted from genome-wide association studies(GWAS),and inverse-variance weighted(IVW)analysis was used as main analysis,while weighted median,simple model,MR-Egger regression,and weighted model were chosen as supplementary analyses.Sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the reliability of the data.Results The result of IVW analysis on chemokine CCL2 to lung adenocarcinoma was OR = 1.065,95%CI(0.919～1.234),P = 0.401.The result of IVW analysis on chemokine CCL2 to squamous cell lung carcinoma was OR = 1.059,95%CI(0.931～1.205),P = 0.381.The result of IVW analysis on chemokine CCL2 to small cell lung carcinoma was OR = 0.959,95%CI(0.760～1.208),P = 0.720.Conclusions There is no direct causal relationship between chemokine CCL2 and lung cancer.

Objective:To discuss the differences in eosinophil(EOS)infiltration in cervical tissue and its relationship with cervical-related diseases,and to clarify the effect of EOS on the occurrence and development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)and cervical cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 256 patients with cervical diseases were collected and divided into cervical cancer group(n=46,including 26 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,15 cases of adenocarcinoma,and 5 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma),chronic cervicitis group(n=50),CIN stage Ⅰ group(n=50),CIN stage Ⅱ group(n=50),CIN stage Ⅲ group(n=30),and normal group(adjacent normal cervical tissue,n=30)based on their conditions.Colposcopy was used to observe the morphology of cervical tissue of the patients in various groups;thin-layer liquid-based cytology test(TCT)was used to observe the morphology of the cervical exfoliated cells in various groups;hybrid capture-chemiluminescence method was used to detect the human papillomavirus(HPV)infection in cervical tissue of the patients in various groups;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of cervical tissue of the patients in various groups;Congo red staining was used to detect the numbers of EOS infiltration in cervical tissue of the patients in various groups;Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of EOS infiltration and the malignancy degree of cervical cancer.Results:The cervical surface of the patients in normal group was smooth and pink,with uniformly distributed capillaries;the cervical surface of the patients in chronic cervicitis group showed red inflammatory changes,with some accompanied by Nabothian cysts and varying degrees of erosion and ulcers;the patients in CIN stage Ⅰ,CIN stage Ⅱ,and CIN stage Ⅲ groups showed epithelial ulcers,thickening,and irregular morphology,with mosaic and punctate vessels;the cervical surface of the patients in cervical cancer group showed raised areas with neoplasms and necrotic ulcers,and they were fragile and prone to bleeding.After acetic acid staining,no obvious changes of the patients in normal group were observed.The cervix of the patients in chronic cervicitis group showed slight white changes that lasted for a short time;in CIN stage Ⅰ,CIN stage Ⅱ,and CIN stage Ⅲ groups,irregular thin acetowhite epithelium with map-like borders was observed,with increasingly acetowhite reactions and larger areas as the stages advanced.The cervix of the patients in cervical cancer group showed thick acetowhite epithelium that lasted longer,with rigid and clear contours.After iodine staining,the cervix of the patients in normal group was brown,with uniform coloration;the cervix of the patients in chronic cervicitis group showed poor coloration in inflammatory lesion areas;the cervix of the patients in CIN stage Ⅰ group showed iodine coloration in metaplastic areas,while the cervix of the patients in CIN stage Ⅲ group showed poor coloration in larger lesion areas;the cervix of the patients in cervical cancer group showed irregular surfaces with cauliflower-like growth and no coloration after iodine staining,appearing orange-yellow or mustard yellow.The TCT observation results showed there were no heteromorphic cells and few inflammatory cells in cervical exfoliated cells of the patients in infiltration in normal group;there were numerous neutrophils and EOS in exfoliated cervical cells without heteromorphic cells in chronic cervicitis group.The heteromorphic binucleated cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios and deeply stained nuclei were observed in cervical exfoliated cells of the patients in CIN stage Ⅰ and CIN stage Ⅱ groups.More heteromorphic cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios and irregular nuclear membranes were showed in cervical exfoliated cells of the patients in CIN stage Ⅲ group.The cervical exfoliated cells of the patients in cervical cancer group showed large and prominent nucleoli,clustering into syncytial changes.Compared with normal group,the atypial of cervical exfoliated cells in CIN stage Ⅰ,CIN stage Ⅱ,CIN stage Ⅲ,and cervical cancer groups was increased.The hybrid capture-chemiluminescence results showed that compared with normal and chronic cervicitis groups,the numbers of HPV infection and TCT heteromorphic cells of the patients in CIN stage Ⅰ,CIN stage Ⅱ,and CIN stage Ⅲ groups were increased(P<0.05);compared with CIN stage Ⅰ,CIN stage Ⅱ,and CIN stage Ⅲ groups,the numbers of HPV infection and TCT heteromorphic cells of the patients in cervical cancer group were increased(P<0.05).The HE staining results showed normal cell morphology and structure in normal group,with infiltration of inflammation cells such as neutrophils,monocytes,macrophages,EOS,and lymphocytes;in chronic cervicitis group,the infiltration of inflammatory cells was increased;in CIN group,the cervical cells showed slightly larger nucleoli and heteromorphic cells,with inflammatory cells mainly distributing around the hetermomorphic cells;in cervical cancer group,the cervical cells showed large and deeply stained nucleoli with significant atypia,and the infiltration of inflammatory cells around the cancer cells was increased.Compared with normal group,the numbers of inflammatory cells and EOS infiltration in cervical tissue of the patients in chronic cervicitis group were increased(P<0.05),and the numbers of inflammatory cells and EOS infiltration of the patients in CIN group were increased(P<0.05);compared with chronic cervicitis group,the number of inflammatory cells and EOS infiltration of the patients in CIN group were decreased(P<0.05);compared with chronic cervicitis group and CIN group,the numbers of inflammatory cells and EOS infiltration of the patients in cervical cancer group were increased(P<0.05).The EOS in cervical cancer tissue was mainly distributed around the cancer nests;compared with CIN stage Ⅰ group,the numbers of EOS infiltration in CIN stage Ⅱ and CIN stage Ⅲ groups were increased(P<0.05);compared with CIN stage Ⅱ group,the number of EOS infiltration in CIN stage Ⅲ group was increased(P<0.05).The higher the malignancy degree of the tumor,the more EOS infiltration was observed,and the number of EOS infiltration was positively correlated with the invasion depth of cervical cancer(r=0.533 0,P<0.01).Conclusion:HPV infection and EOS infiltration play a role in promoting the and occurrence development of cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.