Objective To explore the application of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine teaching method in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery.Methods Totally 100 undergraduates of clinical medicine in grade 2007 and 100 undergraduates in grade 2008 from the second military medical university were divided into experimental class (50 students,25 in discussion class and 25 in comprehensive class) and control class (50 students).Method of case-based discussion was applied in discussion class; method of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine was employed in comprehensive class and traditional method was used in control class.Results Scores in experimental class were superior to those in control class ; questionnaire survey showed that 90％ students thought the new model was better than the traditional model; the interests of students in exploring clinical problem in experimental class were increased (90％ vs.50％ ) ;the sense of mission and responsibility was Strengthened (86％ vs.64％ ) ;the scientific research thinking was more active (80％ vs.48％ ) ; the individual ability and quality were enhanced (76％ vs.50％ ),the depth and width of study were markedly increased (80％ vs.52％ ),the consciousness of independent study and thinking was strengthened (88％ vs.54％ ).Comprehensive class had more obvious improvements in scientific research thinking,individual ability and quality,depth and width of study,independent study and thinking.Conclusions The new teaching model which combined translational medicine with case discussion breaks through the traditional model and adapts to the requirements of modem medicine,it can enhance the teaching effect and worth promoting in educational reform.

AIM:To study the oral bioavailability of Silymarin-loaded Nanoparticles(SM-NP). METHODS: Beagle dogs were employed as experiment animals,Yiganling Tablet and Silymarin Extraction were used as the reference preparations.Three constituents were isolated on Ultimate~(TM) AQ-C_(18) column with mobile phase methanol:water(50∶50) at 0.8 mL/min flow rate using gradient elution and ESI ionic source and negative ion detection.Silybin plasma concentration in rat was determined by LC-M. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics of the tested preparation and Yiganling Tablet met with one-compartment model.The relative bioavailability of three components of SMNP were higher than that of Yiganling Tablet. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that SM-NP has better bioavailability than the reference preparation,which confirms that nanoparticles is a good carrier for improving oral bioavailability of poorly-soluble drugs.

Aim To investigate the effect of Salvianol-ic acid A (Sal A)on mice with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infraction and its possible mecha-nisms.Methods The mice were subcutaneously in-jected with ISO (8 mg·kg-1 )to induce myocardial in-farction.The myocardial protective effect of Salvianolic acid A was evaluated from mortality rate,electrocardio-gram (ECG),heart function,myocardial infarction in-dex,serum myocardial enzymes and its action mecha-nisms were explored from inflammation,anti-oxidation and cells apoptosis.Results Salvianolic acid A dose-dependently enhanced the heart function of myocardial infarction mice,reduced the heart index,inhibited the myocardial enzyme leakage,showed obvious myocardi-al protection effects.ELISA results showed that Salvi-
anolic acid A could reduce the expression of myocardial inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6(interleukin-6,IL-6),TNF-α(tumornecrosis factor-α,TNF-α).West-ern-blotting confirmed that Salvianolic acid A could in-crease the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, reduce the expression of apoptosis protein Bax,and raise the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt.Con-clusion Salvianolic acid A displays a significant pro-tective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction and its mechanism may be related to the in-crease of PI3K/Akt signal pathway and the inhibition of cell apoptosis and inflammatory reaction.

This study is to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Uygur medicine bugloss (BTF) on rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and to explore the mechanisms by which it acts. Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in rats was occluded for 30 min followed by 4 h reperfusion. Meanwhile, BTF dissolved in saline was administered intraperitoneally at dosage of 10, 30 and 50 mg x kg(-1). Electrocardiograph, infarction index, serum myocardial enzymes and heart function were determined to evaluate the effect of BTF. Some other observations were carried out to explore whether inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis is involved in the mechanisms underlying BTF. Our results showed that in ischemia/reperfusion injured rats BTF could dose-dependently reduce myocardial infarction index and myocardial enzyme leakage, and enhance heart function, indicating that it possesses significant cardio protection. ELISA analysis showed that BTF could decrease the content of myocardial inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Western-blotting confirmed that BTF could increase the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reduce the expression of proapoptosis protein Bax. Further more, the phosphorylation level of PI3K and Akt was upregulated by BTF treatment. BTF can protect rat against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Anti-inflammation and inhibition of apoptosis through upregulating PI3K/Akt signal pathway may contribute to the protective effect of BTF.

Objective: To investigate whether the identification of acrylonitrile, an occupational hazard factor for the industry of injection molding and plastic products, reported in literature is reasonable, and to put forward some recommendations. Methods: Professional articles published from 1990 to 2016 were searched, and an analysis was performed for the data on the determination of acrylonitrile in the industry of injection molding and plastic products from 2003 to 2016 in Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen. Results: According to the literature, the detection rate of acrylonitrile was 10.7%, and the detection results did not exceed the limit. Conclusion At present, acrylonitrile may not be used as a routine test item for the industry of injection molding and plastic products, in order to save manpower and material resources.

This article introduced Professor Wang Xingkuan's academic thoughts and clinical experience in diagnosing and treating burning mouth syndrome(BMS)in perimenopausal women based on the theory of"yin injury and internal dryness".Professor Wang advocates the principle of"treating the root cause of the disease and harmonizing multiple organs".Starting from the unique physiological characteristics of perimenopausal women,he believes that the BMS in perimenopausal women should be attributed to the kidneys,liver,heart,and small intestine.The fundamental cause of the disease is the deficiency of kidney essence and the gradual decline of liver blood,and the key to the onset is the dryness of the kidney,liver,heart,and small intestine.In treatment,the overall strategy is to take"yin injury and internal dryness"as the main guideline,focusing on the liver and kidney,with nourishing and replenishing the liver and kidney as the main approach and clearing heat and moistening as auxiliary methods.The basic formula for treating BMS is a combination of Erdong Decoction and Baihe Dihuang Decoction,which has shown significant clinical efficacy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) RsaI/PstI and DraI polymorphisms in workers exposed to benzene.

METHODSA cross-sectional survey was carried out. A total of 71 workers exposed to benzene were included in observation group and the same number of people without occupational benzene exposure were included in control group. Blood samples from the two groups were collected and genotyping for CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and DraI were conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in CYP2E1 DraI genotype and allele distributions between the observation group and the control group (χ² = 2.374, P > 0.05; χ² = 2.113, P > 0.05). Significant differences in CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI genotype and allele distributions between the two groups were observed (χ² = 9.129, P < 0.01; χ² = 6.028, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMutations at CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI can enhance the expression of CYP2E1 and this suggests individuals with the mutated gene have increased susceptibility to chronic benzene poisoning.

Alleles ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Poisoning ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Objective To construct and identify a patient-derived organoid model,and to investigate the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs using this model.Methods Pancreatic cancer cells were obtained from the surgical specimens of two female patients with a confirmed diagnosis of pancreatic cancer after tumor tissue digestion,and then the cells were inoculated into a culture dish using matrigel for three-dimensional culture.Paraffin sections were prepared for HE staining and immunohistochemical staining and were compared with the parent tumor tissue to determine whether the histopathological features of the tumor in vivo were preserved.The pancreatic cancer organoids were treated with seven chemotherapy drugs at different concentrations;Cell Titer-Glo?3D reagent was used to measure cell viability,and the results of drug sensitivity were analyzed.Results Two patient-derived pancreatic cancer organoids were successfully constructed,and HE staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the pancreatic cancer organoids had consistent histopathological features with the tumors of the corresponding patient.Both pancreatic cancer organoids were more sensitive to gemcitabine monotherapy and the combination of oxaliplatin+SN38+fluorouracil,and patient 1 was more sensitive than patient 2.There were individual differences in the response to drugs between the organoids from different patients.Conclusion The pancreatic cancer organoid model successfully constructed in this study can reflect the histological classification of parent pancreatic tumors and can be used for in vitro chemotherapy drug sensitivity test,which is expected to provide a reference for clinical medication.

Objective:To investigate the types of non-tumor diseases in patients with cancer, and to explore the effects of those dis-eases on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. Methods:We collected the medical records of cancer patients from January 2013 to December 2017 in Peking University Cancer Hospital, and screened for non-tumor diseases. The clinical records of the patients in this group were analyzed retrospectively, and the effects of those diseases on the diagnosis and treatment of tumors were dis-cussed. Results:Of the 1,323 cases of inter-hospital consultation, 1,153 cases of non-tumor disease (87.2％) were selected. There were 773 men (67.0％) and 380 women (33.0％) included. The median age was 62 (14-90) years. The primary tumor types included lung can-cer, gastric cancer, lymphoma, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, liver cancer, cholangiocarci-noma/gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, and other tumors. Non-neoplastic diseases included cardiovascular disease in 356 cases (30.9％), respiratory system disease (17.0％) in 196 cases, digestive system disease in 107 cases (9.3％), skin and venereal diseases in 81 cases (7.0％), nervous system lesions (6.4％) in 74 cases, urinary system disease in 72 cases (6.2％), blood disease in 70 cases (6.1％), en-docrine and metabolic diseases in 47 cases (4.1％), autoimmune disease in 23 cases (2.0％), and other diseases (11.0％) in 127 cases. Impact on tumor diagnosis and treatment was as follows:direct, 771 cases (66.9％);no influence, 313 cases (27.1％);and uncertain, 69 cases (6.0％). Conclusions:Cardiovascular disease is a major non-tumor disease associated with cancer. Non-neoplastic diseases are important factors affecting the diagnosis and treatment plans of cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of occupational wireless fidelity(Wi-Fi) microwave radiation on testosterone synthesis in male workers. METHODS: A total of 51 male workers exposed to microwave radiation in Wi-Fi test station of a mobile phone manufacturer were selected as exposure group by judgment sampling method. They were divided into <2.0 years subgroup and ≥2.0 years subgroup according to the length of work years. At the same time, 30 male workers who were not exposed to occupational hazards in the same factory were selected as the control group. Serum total cholesterol level was detected by colorimetry. Serum testosterone, cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP), cytochrome P450 17 A1(P450 c17), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme(P450 scc), levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative expression of P450 scc and P450 c17 mRNA in whole blood was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The levels of serum testosterone, P450 c17 and the relative expression of P450 c17 mRNA in workers of the exposure group were lower than that in the control group(P≤0.05), and the above indexes in the sub-exposure group with work age ≥2.0 years was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in levels of serum total cholesterol, cAMP, P450 scc and relative expression of P450 scc in whole blood among the exposed group,two subgroups and the control group(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to Wi-Fi microwave radiation can inhibit the expression of P450 c17 mRNA and the synthesis of P450 c17 protein, both are key enzymes for testosterone synthesis in male workers, thereby affecting the synthesis and secretion of testosterone.