Duodenal varices are an uncommon disease which occurs along the entire gastrointestinal tract outside the esophagus or stomach.Among ectopic varices,duodenal varices are the most common one.Cirrhosis,hepatic portal hypertension,extrahepatic portal vein occlusion and vasculitis contribute to the pathogenesis of ectopic variceal formation.The unusual pathophysiology,location,diversity and uncertain curative effect of DV are associated with its low detection rate and high mortality of patients.Therefore,the diagnosis and treatment of DV is one of the tough problems in clinical practice.This article reviews the current research advances in pathophysiology,diagnosis and treatment of duodenal varices to provide reference for clinical practice.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a major diagnostic and therapeutic role in most gastrointestinal disorders.However,limited data of clinical safety is available in pregnant patients.Large studies,preferably prospective,with follow-up of fetal outcome are needed to determine fetal safety of endoscopy.This article briefly analyzed the literature on the research progress of gastrointestinal endoscopy during pregnancy,which offered an evident base for diagnosis and treatment in digestive diseases.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tracts of early onset and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)patients in intensive care unit. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected from1324 patients admitted to the ICU in the Third People' s Hospital in Wenzhou from July 2008 to December 2011 who received invasive mechanical ventilation.Patients were divided into early-onset pneumonia group (EOP,≤ 4 d mechanical ventilation ) and late-onset pneumonia group (LOP, ＞ 4 d mechanical ventilation).x2 or t test was performed to compare the pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance between two groups.Results In 1324 patients,552 (41.7％) suffered from VAP,including 74 ( 5.6％ )patients with EOP,382 (28.9％) patients with LOP,and 96 (7.3％) patients with both EOP and LOP.The top 6 pathogens in EOP group were Acinetobacter baumannii ( 72,22.6％ ),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45,14.1％ ),Klebsiella pneumoniae (32,10.0％ ),Canidia albicans ( 31,9.7％ ),Burkholderia cepacia ( 31,9.7％ ) and Staphyloccocus aureus ( 28,8.8％ ) ; and in LOP group were Acinetobacter baumannii (235,21.2％ ),Canidia albicans (201,18.1％ ),Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 111,10.0％ ),Candida glabrata ( 86,7.8％ ),Klebsiella pneumoniae ( 81,7.3％ ) and Staphyloccocus aureus ( 46,4.2％ ).Staphylococcus aureus infection in EOP group was more common than that in the LOP group (x2 =10.780,P =0.002),but the separation rate of Candida albicans in EOP group was significantly lower than that in the LOP group (x2 =12.907,P =0.000).Gram-negative bacteria isolated from EOP or LOP group were both highly resistant to most commonly used antibacterial agents,especially for Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Most Staphyloccocus aureus strains were methicillin-resistant strains (EOP:67.9％,19/28; LOP:63.0％,29/46).Canidia albicans and Candida glabrata were sensitive to most antifungal agents.Conclusion For both EOP and LOP groups,the majority of pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tract are Gram-negative bacteria,and drug resistance is serious.

【Objective】To devise the optimal method and the optimal water content for the storage of seeds of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg..【Methods】The seeds of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg.were stored in plastic bag,drying apparatus,wet sand and dry sand separately.And then the germination capacity of the seeds with different water content was detected at 4℃ and room temperature(30℃) in different time.【Results】The germination capacity of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg.decreased with the prolongation of storage time and with the decrease of water content.The seeds with water content being 9.34% and 7.35% had a higher germination capacity when stored at 4℃ for 35 days than that stored at room temperature.The fresh seeds stored in wet sand sprouted and the seeds stored in drying apparatus and dry sand had lower germination capacity and went mouldy.【Conclusion】Low temperature and moderate water content are benificial to the storage of the seeds of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.) Gilg..

【Objective】To explore the long-term storage method for the seeds of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg..【Methods】The seeds of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg.with different water contents were preserved with liquid nitrogen for 55 days.And then the seeds were taken out to detect their germination capacity.The effect of cryopreservation methods on the germination capacity was also observed.【Results】The seeds with water content being 16.30% lost their germination capacity completely,the seeds with water content being 13.02% and 9.34% had a lower germination capacity,and the seeds with water content being 7.35% had a higher germination capacity.Quickly-frozen seeds had a higher germination capacity than the slowly-frozen seeds.【Conclusion】Cryopreservation with liquid nitrogen is suitable for the long-term preservation of the seeds of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.)Gilg.with water content being 7.35%.

The fibronectin was purified from human plasma by Gelatin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The rabbits were immunized with the fibronectin. the raw anti-fibronectin sera were absorbed bythe solid phase of the fibronectin free human serum. Then the specific anti-fibronectin sera were obtained. The fibronectins deposited on human bullet wounds, incised wounds as well as on blunt forceinJuries were demonst.ated by PAP immunohistochemical study using diluted anti-fibronectin serum.The results were quite sati factory.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differential expression pattern of hsa-miR-9 between EBV-positive and -negative Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and its association with BCL-6.

METHODSThe expression of hsa-miR9 and BCL-6 mRNAs in EBV(+) Raji and EBV-Ramous cells in mRNA levels were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR). The two cells lines were transiently transfected with hsa-mir9-inhibitor and hsa-mir9-minicsvia Oligofectamine 2000, and the changes in BCL6 expressions was detected using QRT-PCR and Western blotting. Annexin V/PI staining was used to analyze the apoptosis and morphological changes of the transfected cells.

RESULTSThe expression of Hsa-miR9 and BCL-6 was significantly higher in EBV(+) Raji cells than EBV(-) Ramous cells (P<0.01). BCL-6 mRNA and protein expression was reduced in EBV(+) Raji cells after transfection with hsa-miR9-inhibitor but up-regulated in EBV(-) Ramous cells transfected with hsa-miR9-minics. Flow cytometry revealed a significantly decreased apoptosis rate in EBV(+) Raji cells transfected with hsa-miR9-inhibitor but an increased rate in EBV(-) Ramous cells transfected with hsa-miR9-minics, and the results were confirmed by microscopic observations.

CONCLUSIONHsa-miR9 positively regulate the expression of BCL-6 and apoptosis of EBV(+) Raji cells and EBV(-) Ramous cells.

Apoptosis ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; genetics ; pathology ; virology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Transfection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastrointestinal cancer. However, the steep learning curve of standard ESD procedures makes it less widely applied in clinical practice. Therefore, various traction devices and techniques have been applied previously to facilitate ESD, such as clip-with-line method, Spring-assisted method, S-O clip method, magnetic anchor method, and robot-assisted method. These methods create a clear field of vision and allow dissections to be performed more quickly and safely. In this article, we will discuss various techniques for achieving tractions during ESD on clinical decision, and their advantages and disadvantages.
Dissection ; Gastric Mucosa ; Humans ; Safety ; Surgical Instruments ; Traction