Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels affect several inflammatory and neoplastic conditions.and are widely distributed and activated by multiple stimuli.Mean while,as the sensor to the changes in cellular local environments,TRP channels have multiple functions,including thermal,mechanical and taste sensing,as well as ion homeostasis maintaining.They can regulate muscle contractions,transmitter release,cell multiplication,cell differentiation,genetic transcription,apoptosis and molecular death.TRPM8,a nonselective cation channel,was originally cloned as a prostate-specific protein.Now,TRPM8 is found in carcinoma of colon,lung cancer,mammary cancer,pancreatic cancer and cutaneum carcinoma.The aim of this review is to summarize data reported so far on the expression and functional role of TRPM8 channels in different types of cancers.

To improve students' experimental research skills,innovative consciousness,promote the construction of functional experimental center,we established series of “comprehensive,contrivable,innovative” experiments in medical students.

The incidence of esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC) is rising dramatically both in western countries and in China.For type Ⅱ EGJC,controversies over the optimal surgical approach still remain.More and more studies support the abdominal transhiatial extended gastrectomy to be superior to the abdominothoracic combined approach.The aim of this report is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic transabdominal hiatal extended gastrectomy for surgical treatment of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ esophagogastric junction cancer.Based on clinical experience of 95 patients who underwent laparoscopic tansabdominal hiatal extended gastrectomy,we conclude that laparoscopic transabdominal hiatal extended gastrectomy is feasible and safe,offering a safer and simpler way of intramediastinal dissection and digestive tract reconstruction at experienced hands as compared with open surgery.This procedure also offers the merit of longer esophageal resection length without entering the pleural cavity.

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of serum HMGB1, CEA and SCC as well as the value in the evaluation of prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma resection. Methods The dynamic changes in serum levels of HMGB1, CEA and SCC were measured respectively in 100 patients preopera-tively as well as a month after esophagectomy. The relationships between the changes of serum tumor markers and the clinical efficacy were analyzed. Results The 5-years survival rate of the CEA, SCC and HMGB1 negative peo-ple before operation was significantly higher than that of the positive patients (P < 0.05). The 5-years survival rate of those patients with all three markers negative before operation was significantly higher than that of those patients with the three markers positive (P < 0.01). The Median Survive Time of the patients with the levels of all three markers decreased after operation was longer than those with the levels of all the three markers increased (χ2 =6.584, P=0.01). The Median Survive Time of the patients with levels of the three markers decreased by more than 50%was longer than those with the levels decreased by less than 50% (χ2=5.418, P = 0.02). Conclusions The dynamic and combined detections of serum HMGB1, CEA, SCC in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcino-ma resection can effectively evaluate the therapeutic effect and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of taxol combined with cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer and effects on serum tumor markers in patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS:100 patients with esophageal cancer were randomly divided into control group(50 cases) and observation group(50 cases). Observation group was given taxol+Cisplatin injection(TP)neoadjuvant chemotherapy,given 175 mg/m2 taxol by intravenous infusion,d1-5. And ev-ery 5 d was a treatment course,the regimen was adjusted based on patients’efficacy;control group was given conventional sur-gery and TP after surgery,the same usage and dosage as observation group,it lasted for 4 courses. Clinical efficacy,high mobility protein B1(HMGB1),carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) level in 2 groups before and after treatment were observed,objective response rate,disease control rate,the incidence of toxicity and severe toxicity,inci-dence of postoperative complications and survival rate of postoperative 1,3 and 5 years were recorded. RESULTS:After treatment, objective response rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,HMGB1,CEA and SCC-Ag levels were significantly lower than before and control group,HMGB1 and CEA levels in control group were significantly lower than before, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in the disease control rate,chemothera-py-related toxicity,severe toxicity,incidence of postoperative complications,survival rate of postoperative 1,3 and 5 years and the median survival time between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Taxol combined with cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy can significantly improve the efficacy of patients with esophageal cancer and reduce the levels of cancer-related indicators,with good safety.

Aim To detect the antitumor activities of five sesquiterpene lactones from the roots of Inula helenium.Method Using MTT assay to evaluate the antitumor activities of five sesquiterpene lactones to the cell lines of U251SP,T-98,HLE,MM1-CB,HMV-1 and KT,and to explore the relationship between structure and activities.Results Isoalantolactone exhibited significant anti-growth activities to U251SP,HLE and MM1-CB,while other compounds demonstrated weak or moderate anti-growth activities to cell lines even in the 50% inhibition concentration≤100 μmol·L~(-1).Conclusion Isoalantolactone exhibits significant anti-growth activities to three cell lines and its anti-tumor activitiesve close relationship with the structures,α,β-unsaturated five-membered lactone ring is necessary for the activities,and saturated lactone or 5,10-seco and A,B-ring become a ten-membered macro-ring leading to the loss or decrease of anti-growth activity.

Objective To explore the repeatability and consistency of MR intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters of rectal cancers.Methods Routine high resolution rectal MR and IVIM sequence were performed on 128 patients with pathologically proved rectal cancers before treatment.IVIM maps were generated from two sets of b-values (group A:0,5,10,20,30,40,60,80,100,150,200,400,600 and 1000 s/mm2;group B:0,5,10,20,30,40,60,80,100,150,200,400,600,1000,1500 and 2000 s/mm2),and IVIM parameters (D,D* and f) were measured.Then IVIM parameters were measured again by the same observer three months later.The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman graph analysis were performed to explore the repeatability and consistency of IVIM parameters.Results The differences of IVIM parameters (D,D* and f) derived from the two sets of b-values were statistically different (all P＜0.001).ICC and 95％ confidence interval (CI) of D,D* and f was 0.968 (0.955,0.977),0.780 (0.688,0.845) and 0.957 (0.934,0.970),respectively.Bland-Altman analysis showed that the 95 ％ limits of agreement of D,D* and f was (10.8％,22.4％),(14.8％,61.9％) and (-45.3％,-10.2％),respectively.There was significant difference of D* between twice measurement by the same observer (P=0.001);ICC and 95％CI of D,D* and f was 0.826(0.670,0.908),0.678 (0.392,0.830) and 0.910 (0.830,0.952),respectively.Furthermore,Bland-Altman analysis showed that the 95％ limits of agreement of D,D* and f were (-15.3％,12.4％),(-39.6％,61.2％) and (-22.6％,22.9％),respectively.Conclusion Under the two different sets of b-values,all IVIM parameters of rectal cancers demonstrate good consistency.In addition,D and f value show good repeatability.

In the past 30 years, with the advancement of functional neurosurgery, neuroelectrophysiology and neuroimaging, deep brain stimulation (DBS), as a new tool for the treatment of dyskinesia, has been considered to have underwent the fastest development in this field.Many patients with dyskinesias have significantly improved their main clinical symptoms after treatment with DBS, some of the improvement are even dramatic.Due to its minimally invasive characteristics, reversibility and adjustability, DBS therapy has been increasingly used in the treatment of dystonia in children.Hereditary dystonia is the most common type of dyskinesia in children, and there is no effective treatment yet.Recently, some dyskinesia at home and abroad centers have carried out DBS treatment for pediatric hereditary dystonia and achieved some encouraging results.Now, the effect of DBS in the treatment of hereditary dystonia in children and the main process of DBS treatment were mainly discussed, and shared the experience based on the clinical practices of Multidisciplinary Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children′s Motor Disorders, Peking University First Hospital.

Objective:To investigate the influence of the depth of invasion on the prognosis of pT1 stage mid-thoracic esophageal cancer patients undergoing left thoracotomy.Methods:Retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological data of 139 patients with pT1N0M0 stage of mid-thoracic esophageal cancer who meet the enrollment criteria. Firstly, the prognosis and influencing factors of the whole group were analyzed. The differences in prognosis, local recurrence and distant metastasis between PT1A and PT1B patients were compared, and the influence of different infiltration depth on prognosis and treatment failure of patients was analyzed. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.Results:The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival(OS) and disease-free survival(DFS) were 95.0%, 87.8%, 82.0% and 91.4%, 84.2%, 77.0%, respectively. There were significant differences in OS( χ2=7.500, P=0.006) and DFS( χ2=7.354, P=0.007) at 1, 3 and 5 years between pT1a and pT1b patients. Cox multivariate analysis showed that pT stage and pathological type were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in OS( χ2=0.734, P=0.693) and DFS( χ2=0.7690, P=0.681) of pT1a tumors with different invasion depths. There were significant differences in OS( χ2=15.368, P<0.001) and DFS( χ2=27.470, P<0.001) at 1, 3 and 5 years of pT1b tumors with different invasion depths. The recurrence rate of pT1b(23.8%) was significantly higher than that of pT1a(5.3%)( χ2=5.274, P=0.022). The distant metastasis rate of the former(10.9%) was also significantly higher than that of the latter(0)( χ2=4.494, P=0.034). There were significant differences in local recurrence rate( χ2=17.051, P<0.001) and distant metastasis rate( χ2=15.460, P<0.001) among pT1b patients with different infiltration depths. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that the depth of infiltration was an independent factor affecting the occurrence of local recurrence in stage pT1b patients after treatment( P<0.001). Pathological type( P=0.003) and infiltration depth( P=0.027) were independent factors affecting the occurrence of distant metastasis. Conclusion:pT1a period and pT1b period after the prognosis and treatment of patients with different failure modes, and pT1b period in patients with different infiltration depth and the prognosis of patients and its failure mode after treatment significantly related, infiltration depth of pT1b period after treatment in patients with the independence of the influencing factors of failure, suggest that clinical doctors should pay attention to pT1b period in patients with postoperative adjuvant therapy. This conclusion needs to be confirmed by large prospective studies of cases.

Objective To analysis the short-term quality of life and clinical outcome of early enteral immunonutrition(EIN)used after operation in patients with totally endoscopic esophagectomy.Methods This randomized controlled trial enrolled 110 patients receiving totally endoscopic esophagectomy in department of thoracic surgery of the fourth hospital of Hebei medical university between May 2015 and November 2016.The patients were randomly divided into enteral immunonutrition group (EIN group,n =56) and parenteral nutrition group (PN group,n=54).The scale scores of quality of life,the time of first postoperative anal exhaust,the time of removal of drainage tube,the number of postoperative infections and the length of hospitalization were compared between the two groups before operation and after operation.Results (1) There were no significant differences in age,gender,education,marital status,tumor location,clinical stage,intraoperative bleeding between the two groups (P＞0.05).(2) There were no significant differences in the quality of life before operation (P＞0.05);All functional scale scores of EIN group were significantly higher than PN group (P＜0.05),while the symptom scale score were significantly lower than PN group(P＜0.05).(3) There were significant differences in the time of first postoperative anal exhaust,the time of removal of drainage tube,the number of postoperative pneumonia compliCations and the length ofhospitalization in the two groups (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of anastomotic fistula between the two groups(x2=0.621,P=0.431 4) The scale scores of quality of life (the overall health status as the representative) had a negatively linear relationship with the clinical outcome(P =0.000),the absolute value of correlation coefficient in EIN group was higher than that in PN group.The higher score of the quality of life,the shorter time of the postoperative anal exhaust,removal of drainage tube and the length of hospitalization.Conclusion Enteral immunonutrition can improve the quality of life,improve the prognosis and promote the rapid recovery of patients with totally endoscopic esophagectomy.