Objective To assess the detection of intestinal lesions by capsule endoscopies in Chinese patients. Methods To review the history and outcomes of 53 patients underwent 55 times ol capsule endoscopies from April 2002 to January 2003. Results Fifty-three patients received 55 times of capsule endoscopies , only one patient failed due to weak gastric peristalsis. Complication never happened. The capsule remained in the stomach and small intestine for an average of 44 minutes (range 6 - 135 minutes) and 334 minutes (range 90 -433 minutes) respectively. Three patients did not discard the capsule properly due to the stricture of small intestine. The diseases detected were small intestinal cancer, lymphoma, polyps, leio-myoma, xanthoma, Crohns disease, intestinal erosion and congestion, ascariasis, triehuriasis, foreign body and angiodysplasia. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the manipulation of capsule endoscopy is simple and safe, and provides excellent visualization of small intestine. Capsule endoscopy is superior to radiography or angiography in detecting lesions of small intestine, but it cannot afford enough information on orien-tation and histology.

This study was to study the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in liver cells in T cell dependent liver injury induced by concanavalin A (ConA) in mice. The results showed that there was no NOS expression in the normal murine hepatocytes. Affer ConA challenge, the expression of NOS in hepatocytes increased markedly.Moreover, the hepatocytes closer to the central vein showed stronger expression.After pretreatment of CsA, activation of T lymphocytes was inhibited and NOS expression in the hepatocytes was almost completely inhibited too.The above results suggest that an upregulation of NOS expression might be a protective response to insufficient supply of blood and oxygen as a result of ConA induced liver injury, and inhibition of the NOS expression by CsA might be associated with inactivation of T lymphocyte.

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of early gastric carcinoma for prognosis and the long term consequences of gastrectomy for quality of life in the aged. Methods The clinicopathological features and late postoperative complications by follow up study for 71 patients during 1973 1999 with early gastric cancer were reviewed by using hospital records. Results Forty six cases(64.8%) were diagnosed by routine gastroscopic checkup. 56 cases out of 71 (74.6%) were mucosal cancer without lymph node metastasis, 18 cases were submucosal cancer with lymph node metastasis in 2 cases. By histological study, we found that 32 lesions (45.1%) were located at the antrum, differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma was found in 43 cases, and multiple primary carcinoma in 5 cases and gastric stump cancer in 3 cases. The disorders of gastric stump included anastomotic gastritis, empting disturbance, erosion, ulcer, reflux esophagitis were found in 31, 7, 6, 4 and 3 cases, respectively. Fourteen patients showed weight loss and 9 showed anemia. Patients with proximal gastrectomy suffered more from disoders than the patients with distal gastrectomy. Conclusions Our results suggest that special attention should be given to the patients with chronic atrophic gastritis diagnosed by routine gastroscopy. Lymph node metastasis, multiple primary cancer and gastric stump cancer might affect the prognosis. Our results support the fact that the incidence of disorders of gastric stump are high; and the surgical treatment with gastroscopic procedure is recommended for the mucosal cancer in order to improve the patients' quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the importance of clinical screening and follow up by direct colonoscopy for colorectal cancer at an early and curable stage. Methods There were 2 196 elderly people aged between 60 to 89 years. The clinical screening by direct colonoscopy was performed according to the protocol. 1 740 of 2 196(79.2%) patients were followed up every year. Results Fifty two elderly persons were found to be colorectal cancer patients by colonoscopy, with the detectable rate being 2.4%. Nineteen were diagnosed early stage colorectal cancer, accounting for 36.5% of the detected colorectal cancer. Nine among the followed up cases were detected early colorectal cancer, accounting for 45 0% of the detected colorectal cancer. The resectable rate and the 5 year survival rate was 97 7% and 80 9% for colorectal cancer, respectively. 98 9% of the cecum intubation cases was successful. The incidence of complication for colonoscopy was 0 05%. Conclusions By clincal colonscopy screening and follow up study for colorectal cancer and precancerous changes in the elderly, the patients with adenomatoid polyps were early diagnosed and treated, so it raised the detectable rate of early colorectal cancer and the level of grade prevention of colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application structure and tendency of eye drops for external use so as to provide references for the research & development,production and use of this preparation.METHODS:Data including variety,classification,consumption amount and sales volume of the eye drops from 2004 to 2006 in the outpatient were analyzed retrospectively by hospital information system.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The application structure of eye drops in our hospital was basically stable,but control on the use of anti-infective drugs needs to be tightened;the amount of anti-xeroma and anti-asthenopia drugs increased to a large extent;the imported variety takes an excessively large proportion.The use of anti-infective drugs should be standardized and the market share of domestic drugs remains to be further enlarged.

Objective To assess the evolution of gastric epithelial dysplasia (GED). Methods We reviewed the history of 239 of patients with gastric dysplasia diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy, and 195 were followed up for 61. 37 months. Results Among 239 cases of dysplasia (261 lesions) , there were 119, with mild dysplasia, 77 with moderate dysplasia, and 43 with severe dysplasia. The gastric dysplasia lesions are mainly in lesser curvature, and its endoscopic appearance mostly is localized erosion. In the follow - up group, regression of dysplasia was demonstrated in 86. 36% , 81. 25% , and 47. 62% of mild, moderate and severe dysplasia respectively. Progression to gastric cancer was detected in 8. 18% , 15. 63% , and 72. 09% of mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia, respectively. The relative risk (RR) of mild, moderate, severe dysplasia was 1. 96, 3. 74, and 17. 25 respectively. Conclusion Carcinomatous evolution of GED increases proportionally with its histological grade. Gastroscopy biopsy follow-up should be held up for all grades of GED, especially, in high grade GED, gastroscopy and biopsy should be taken as soon as possible.

Objective To study the influence of biofeedback combined electrical stimulation therapy in parturients occurred breast pain under the cooperation between doctors and nurses. Methods Method of randomized controlled study was adopted. 112 puerperants were randomized chosen to experimental group (56 cases) and control group (56 cases). Diagnosed by doctors and confirmed that was normal. One group received biofeedback combined electrical stimulation therapy, the other group received regular therapy. Results There were great differences in breast hardness and milk volume ,when 3 days after the intervention, Z=5.91, P<0.01 (the cases of one degree of swelling in the two groups was 19 and 1 respectively). There were great differences in breast swelling and the hardness and milk volume, when 7 days after therapy and postpartum 42 days. The score of cooperation between doctors and nurses were (98.66±2.96) points, the satisfaction to this therapy was 94%(47/50). Conclusions Biofeedback combined electrical stimulation therapy can reduce breast pain and hardness in puerperants, it has great difference in breastfeeding status under the cooperation between doctors and nurses.

To assess the value of capsule endoscopy in digestive tract examination, the results of 10 healthy volunteers who received the whole digestive tract examination by capsule endoscopy were analyzed. The manipulation of capsule endoscopy was simple, the image was clear, and no side effect was found. Intestinal diseases could been diagnosed by capsule endoscopy, and the stomach could been partly observed. Capsule endoscopy is a best visual diagnostic tool of intestinal diseases, and can be used in clinic.

To study the significance of detection of K ras mutation in stool samples in the diagnosis of large intestinal cancer, stool and local tissue samples were collected from consecutively diagnosed patients, among them 23 cases suffered from large intestinal cancer, 20 cases from colorectal adenomatoid polyps and 20 healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from both the stool and the tissue, K ras gene mutations at the first and second base of codon 12 were studied by allele specific mismatch method in both of them. The results showed that K ras mutation rate in large intestinal cancer was 56 52%(13/23), which was much higher than 5%(1/20)in healthy subjects( P 0 05). There was a 92 31%(12/13)incidence of K ras mutation at the second base of codon 12 in large intestinal cancer. The results of detecting the K ras mutation were highly identical in both the stool and the tissue ( P

BACKGROUND:Traditional coculture methods for directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, such as direct contact method and Transwel coculture system, appear to have low purity and slow proliferation. OBJECTIVE:To compare the inductive effect of microcapsule coculture system and traditional transwel coculture system on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:The passage 2 microcapsuled chondrocytes and the passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells harvested from rabbits were co-cultured at a ratio of 1:1 in a Transwel chamber. Another passage 2 chondrocytes and passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured using traditional transwel coculture system. Pure bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were served as controls. MTT assay was used to compare cellproliferation, toluidine blue staining and safranine O staining were used for observation of cartilage matrix synthesis, alcian blue staining and ELISA test were used to measure glycosaminoglycans and synthesis of type II col agen, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the traditional co-culture method, the microcapsule coculture system and pure culture method showed better cellproliferation (P<0.05). The levels of glycosaminoglycans and type II col agen were higher in the microcapsule coculture group than the traditional coculture group and pure culture group (P<0.05). Moreover, the microcapsule coculture group showed better outcomes in toluidine blue staining and safranine O staining than the traditional coculture group and pure culture group. These findings indicate that the microcapsule coculture system is more effective in the induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells than traditional Transwel coculture system.